初中被动语态讲解与练习 5页

暑假英语上课讲义初中英语被动语态小结一．语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：________语态和__________语态。如果主语是动作的执行者要用__________语态；如果主语是动作的承受者,则用____________语态。二．被动语态构成：1.一般现在时:am/is/are+done2.一般过去时:was/were+done3.一般将来时:will/shallbe+done4.现在进行时:am/is/arebeing+done5.过去进行时:was/werebeing+done6.现在完成时:have/hasbeen+done7.过去完成时:hadbeen+done8.情态动词：must/may/might+bedone.三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981这.座桥竣工于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:TheglasswasbrokenbyMike玻.璃杯是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时动语态后"to"仍要保留。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.六、特殊情况1.不及物动词无被动语态。Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople._____________________________________________,由"情态动词+be+过去分词"构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Itshouldbedoneatonce.Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.一些动词如sell(销售),wash(洗),clean(打扫),burn(燃烧),cook(煮)等与副词如well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:Thebooksellswell.这种书很畅销。Theseclotheswasheasily.这些衣服很易洗。3.使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式(makehearnoticeseelet)主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。HeletDamingdohishomework→Damingwaslettodohishomework.1\n暑假英语上课讲义HesawDamingdohishomework→Damingwasseentodohishomework.4.主动表被动：1、Need,want,require（要求，需要）,deserve(应得，值得),beworth值得），notbear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.这座古建筑需要修了。5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来),sound(听起来),prove(证明是),feel(摸上去感到),look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等,例如:Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.良药苦口。6有些动词可以带双宾语在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to★HegaveBettyabook._____________________________________________________________________7.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyHeuslistens.totheradioeveryday.→Theralistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingcareofbythenurse.初中英语被动语态专项练习()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking2\n暑假英语上课讲义()13Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20Where___theseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()26Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()31Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung()32Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowing3\n暑假英语上课讲义C.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()34Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()36Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()37Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()38Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()39Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()40Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()41Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto()42I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()43Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()44Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou()45Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()46Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()49Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()50Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had()51Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()52Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()53Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.4\n暑假英语上课讲义A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()55Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell()56Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()57Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()58Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close()59Canhe___himself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()60Hefellfromhisbikeand___.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurtKey:1---5BDDDC6—10BCBBC11---15AABBA16--20BABDB21---25BADAA26---30ADBBC31---35DBADD36---40BBABA41---45CDDBB46----50AAACB51---55DDACA56---60BCBCC5