初中定语从句讲解练习及问题详解 13页

一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.\n3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法(1)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用。\nWedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．(g)为了避免重复．(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时举例：Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.\n那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语\n(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.练习(一)请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.     CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.     AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.     Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.     Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.\n5.     Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6.     Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8.     HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.     MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12. Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.       Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.       Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.       Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.       Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.       Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.       Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.       Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.       Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.       Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.   Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.\n11.   Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.   Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.   Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.   Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.   Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.   Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.   Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.   Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.   Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.   Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who\n()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that定语从句专项练习题（二）1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof__________youarenotsure.  A.which     B.what     C.as        D.those2.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?   A.that       B.where    C.Inwhich   D.theone3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.that        B.where   C.which     D.theone4.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.that        B.where    C.which     D.theone5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound. A.that        B.where    C.inwhich  D.inthat6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice. A.atwhich     B.onthat   C.inwhich  D.ofwhat7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..\n     A.howyouhaveobserved   B.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobserved   D.howthatyouhaveobserved8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.because     B.why    C.that        D.whether9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.  A.allwhich     B.that     C.allthat   D.which10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.  A.whose      B.ofwhich   C.inwhich  D.onwhich11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.  A.as        B.that        C.which    D.what12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry. A.which      B.it          C.that      D.what13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight. A.which       B.whom     C.who      D.that14.Thegirl__________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.   A.whoissingingB.issinging  C.sang     D.wassinging15.Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed. A.learn        B.who       C.thatlearnsD.wholearn16.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainst   B.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst17.Didn’tyouseetheman__________?\n       A.Inoddedjustnow        B.whomInoddedjustnow C.Inoddedtohimjustnow  D.Inoddedtojustnow18.Canyoulendmethenovel__________theotherday?       A.thatyoutalked          B.youtalkedaboutit C.whichyoutalkedwith    D.youtalkedabout19.Isthereanything__________toyou? A.thatisbelonged         B.thatbelongs C.thatbelong            D.whichbelongs20.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”----“It’squitedifferentfrom__________Ireadlastmonth.” A.that    B.which   C.theone      D.theonewhat21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept__________whohadalreadytakenthem.      A.theonesB.ones     C.some        D.theothers22.Thetrain__________shewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.where     C.onwhich    D.inthat23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer__________thepapersarekept.A.where   B.inwhich   C.underwhichD.which24.Antarctic__________weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround. A.which    B.where     C.that      D.aboutwhich25.It’sthethirdtime__________latethismonth.      A.thatyouarrived        B.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrived      D.whenyou’vearrived\n26.Itwasin1969__________theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.  A.that      B.which      C.when    D.inwhich27.Maythefourthistheday__________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.  A.which    B.when      C.onwhichD.aboutwhich28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,__________livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.A.which     B.that       C.who     D.where29.Thehotel__________duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside. A.westayedat       B.wherewestayedat C.westayed         D.inthatwestayed30.Isitinthatfactory__________“RedFlag”carsareproduced? A.inwhich  B.where   C.which   D.that31.ItistheSuezCanal__________separatesAsia__________Africa.A.which,to        B.where,fromC.that,from       D.that,with32.Underthebridge,however,almostdirectlybelow,__________wasasmallcanoe,withaboyinit.. A.there     B.where    C.it    D.which33.Heisnot__________afool__________.     A.such,asheislooked     B.such,ashelooks  C.as,asheislooked       D.so,ashelooks34.Isthatthereason__________youareinfavouroftheproposal?A.which     B.what    C.why  D.forthat35.HemustbefromAfrica,__________canbeseenfromhisskin.A.that        B.as     C.who   D.what\n36.Hehastwosons,__________workaschemists.     A.twoofwhom         B.bothofwhom C.bothofwhich         D.allofwhom37.I,__________yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.  A.whois    B.whoam   C.thatis    D.whatis38.Heisamanofgreatexperience,__________muchcanbelearned.  A.who       B.that      C.fromwhichD.fromwhom39.----Doyouknowthetownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI__________here. A.was     B.havebeen  C.came   D.amcoming40.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.        A.theway                B.thewayinthat  C.thewaywhich          D.thewayofwhich41.Thetwothings__________theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.A.aboutwhich          B.ofwhich  C.inwhich               D.forwhich42.Thedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe__________. A.wouldhave          B.havehadC.hadneverhad        D.hadeverhad43.Doyouknowwhichhotel__________?  A.sheisstaying        B.sheisstayingin C.isshestaying        D.isshestayingin44.Thereisonlyonething__________Icando.  A.what     B.that    C.all    D.which45.Whocanthinkofasituation__________thisidiomcanbeused?  A.which    B.that     C.whereD.inthat\n46.Ihavemanybooks,someof__________areonchemistry. A.them     B.that     C.whichD.those47.Theywereinterested__________youtoldthem.           A.inwhich     B.inthatC.allthat        D.ineverything48.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,__________muchhelpforknowingspace.        A.whichwethinkitis     B.whichwethinkareof C.ofwhichwethinkis     D.Ithinkwhichisof  49.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardto__________atlast。   A.come    B.came   C.coming    D.comes50.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.  A.which    B.who    C.that        D./参考答案：1—5AADBA6—10ABCCA11—15AADAD16—20CDDBC21—25ACBDC26—30AADAD31—35CABCB36—40BBDBA41—45BDBBC46—50CDBBC