初中被动语态语法及练习 4页

被动语态（强化辅导）　2010.10一、①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态　　　主动语态表示是动作的执行者　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者　　Cats　eat　fish.　　　（主动语态）猫吃鱼。　Fishiseatenbycats.　(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。②被动语态的构成　　由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成　　助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。1.一般现在时的被动语态：TheyspeakEnglish.→Englishisspoken(bypeople)2.一般过去时的被动语态：Hewateredtheflowersjustnow.→Theflowerswerewatered(him)justnow.3.一般将来时的被动语态：Wewillcleantheclassroom.→Theclassroomwillbecleaned(byus).4.现在进行时的被动语态：Tomispickingapples.→ApplesarebeingpickingbyTom5.现在完成时的被动语态：Theworkershavebuiltahouse.→Ahousehasbeenbuiltbytheworkers.6.情态动词的被动语态：Youshouldlookafterhimwell.→Heshouldbelookedafterwell.二．含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况：1、通常把间接宾语的变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留在原位置。Tomgavemeabikelastyear.→IwasgivenabikebyTomlastyear.Myfatherboughtmeashirtyesterday.→Iwasboughtashirtbymyfatheryesterday.2、把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，则要在间接宾语前加上介词to(make制造，buy变为被动时常用for)。Tomgavemeabikelastyear.→AbikewasgiventomebyTomlastyear.Myfatherboughtmeashirtyesterday.→Ashirtwasboughtformeyesterday.三、动词短语变为被动语态时不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。Youmustlistentotheteachercarefulllyinclass.→Theteachermustbelistenedtocarefullyinclass.四、主动语态中有些动词　，如：make，have，let，see，watch，hear等后面常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时要加to。Weoftenheartheboysinginthenextroom.→Theboyisoftenheardtosinginthenextroom.四．注意事项：1.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)2.系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….如：Thedishtastesgood.3.有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell如：Thiskindofskirtsellswell.\n4.need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneedtoberepaired.练习：将下列各句改为被动语态1.Hereadthelettertoallhisfriends.2.Idon’tgivehimmybooks.3.Hehandedmethemagazine.4.Sheboughtherbrotheradictionary.5.Wemustchoosesomebooksforyourbrother.6.Theynamedhim“hero”7.Theyfoundtheplacewasawonderfulvillage.8．Theteacheriskeepingthepupilsatschoolforarevision.9.YoumustfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.10.Theywillpaintthehouseagainnextyear.11.TheygaveMaryanewdollforherbirthday.12.Ihavetoldthechildrenmanytimesnottoplayhere.13.WehadtorepairourTVset.14．Theyshowedmetheroomwheretheylived.15．Theymakemachinesinthatfactory16Everybodylikesthissong17.Peopledon'tgrowriceinthewestofjapan18．HeoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintrouble19.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.\nEnglish_______________________inmanycountries.20.Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.Thisbridge___________________________lastyear.21.Thetigerinthezoofrightenedthelittlegirl.Thegirl_______________bythetigerinthezoo.22.XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.You___________________________________________toalunchparty.23.Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.Thesemagazines________________________________thereading-room.24.Wewilldiscusstheproblemattomorrow'smeeting.Theproblem_____________________byusattomorrow.改正下列句子1.Thishousebuilt100yearsago._____________________________2.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.__________________3.Whereareyouborn?____________________把下列句子变成主动语态1.Spanishisspoken(bypeople)inSouthAmerica.3.Allthewordsmustbelookedup(byus)inadictionary.单项选择1.-Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?-Yes.Ourclassroom______everyday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning2.Astory._____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus3.IfI_____wingslikeabird,I______beabletoflyinthesky.A.have;shouldB.had;wouldC.wouldhave;willD.had;can4.-DidyougotoJack’sbirthdayparty?—No,I______.A.amnotinvited　B.wasn’tinvited　C.haven’tinvited　D.didn’tinvite5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?—Whenyourhomework_____,youcan.A.isdone　B.wasdon　eC.does　D.did6.Twenty-year-oldsshouldnot______todriveinChina.A.allow　B.beallow　C.beallowed　D.allowed.7.Iaskedhimwhat_____.A.wouldhappen　B.hadhappened　　C.happened　D.washappened.8．ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought_____in1999.A.writes　B.iswritten　C.wrote　D.waswritten.9．Treesandflowers___everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.10.Themonkeywasseen____outofthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump11．Theearthisourhome.It_____well.A.mustbeprotected　B.shouldprotect　C.needprotect　D.shouldprotected.\n12．Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade_____whattheyarenot_____.A.todo;interestedin　B.todo;interested　C.do;interested　D.do;interested.13．_____anewlibrary____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built　B.Was;built　C.Does;built　D.Did;built.14．Anaccident_______onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened　B.washappened　C.ishappened　D.happened.15．Rice_______inthesouthofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.16.Sofar,themoon_____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.17.Howmanytrees_____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.18.Lotofthings_____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.19.Neitherofthem_____inChinaA.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.20.Look!Anicepicture______forourteacher.A..isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.21.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn’tsentB.hasn’tbeensentC.won’tbesentD.wasn’tsent.22.—When_____thiskindofcomputer_____?—Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used23.TheGreatWall____aboutallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.24.HesaysthatMrZhang______tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.25.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written词汇或短语辨析：1、beableto，can能够beableto　有多种时态变化。　can只有一一般现在时和一般过去时　（即can　和could　两种形式2、above，over，on　在……的上面above　在……泛指上方（与物体表面不接触）over　在……正上方（与物体表面不接触）on　在……上面（与物体表面接触）3、across，through，cross穿过across　介词　，横穿（在某个平面）Heiswalkingacrossthestreet.through　介词，（从空间穿过）Thethiefgotinthroughthewindow.cross　动词　（在某个平面）Theboyscrosstheroad.