初中被动语态讲解与练习x 27页

被动语态ThePassiveVoice\n英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态\nWespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。\n1.一般现在时：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词2.一般过去时：was/were+及物动词的过去分词3.现在/过去完成时：has/have/had+been+及物动词的过去分词4.一般将来时：will+be+及物动词的过去分词5.含有情态动词：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词6.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面找一找规律\n(一)被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。\nbe+过去分词(二)被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化\n1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone动词过去分词的变化:\n[1].NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am/is/are+PP\n[2].Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedfor一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was/were+PP\n[3].Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentup一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will+be+PP主语+begoingto+be+PP\n[4].Threebridges____sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuilt现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have/has+been+PP\n[5].Flowers____everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwater含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+PP\n(四)主动语态变被动语态:(1)把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;(2)把谓语动词变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如：Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesinthefactory.aremadethemby\n主变被步骤:1.找宾语:即动作的承受者(改为主语)Hewashedhiscaryesterday.Hiscar3.判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数.be4.判断动词的时态:即be动词的时态.2.修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词washed5.修改原句的主语:即by+主语(变宾格).(byhim)yesterday.iswaswas\n1.Tombrokethewindow.Thewindow2.Shebrokethewindows.Thewindows3.Hecleanstheclassroomeveryday.TheclassroomwasbrokenbyTom.werebrokenbyher.iscleanedbyhimbe动词的单复数变化:everyday.\n1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkintendays.willbefinished(bythem)2.Theyaregoingtohaveashowtomorrow.Ashowisgoingtobehad(bythem)tomorrow.\n1.Amycantakegoodcareofthecat．ThecatcanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.2.Theyshouldsingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongsbythem.shouldbesung\n(四)被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如:1)Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.Hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom.2)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.3)Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseentowalktoschool.\nAtrafficaccident_________(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词（vi.)如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…不用被动语态的动词：\n(表示主语的自然属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…Thebooks____well．A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed\n1.Manyaccidents____bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause2.Anofficial_____bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed3.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving4.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted\n5.DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed6.Don'tworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept7.It’struethatShakespeare’splay______bysomanypeopleeveryyear.A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseen\nCorrectingmistakeCorrectthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball．2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity．3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?\n4)Classisbegunat7:30everyday．5)Hisplanissoundedgood．\n1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水.根据提示写一篇以HowtoPlantaTree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态，80词左右。Writing\n1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水.beplantedbedugbigenoughtoodeepput…into…bekeptstraightpush…backto…push…hardwith…knock…into…bekeptstraightbetiedto…with…bewateredwell\nTreesmustbeplantedinSpring.Theholemustbeduglargeenoughbutnottoodeep.Putthetreeintotheholeanditmustbekeptstraight.Pushtheearthbacktotheholeanditmustbepushedhardwithyourfeet.Knockalongandstrongstickintotheearthbesidethetreeanditmustbekeptstraight.Treescanbetiedtothestickwitharope.Andtheymustbewateredwell.