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宾语从句什么是宾语从句?在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。任务1:请找出下列复合句中的宾语从句,并用下划线标出。eg, He said he was good at drawing. He asks him how long Mike has been down. Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. 宾语从句三大考点:Ⅰ.引导宾语从句的引导词;Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序;Ⅲ.宾语从句的时态。Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.任务2:用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Iknow…2.Shesays…3.Tellyourfriend…(that)1.Thisisabook.2.Youlikesinging.3.Heworkedlastnight.4.Theywillgohome.5.JimhasbeentoBeijing.6.Shesingswell.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:(1)IsJimagoodstudent? Idon’tknowIdon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?\nDoyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?任务3:用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Theteacherasks…if/whether1.Ishereading?2.Doyougetupatsix?3.DoesTomworkhard?4.DidyouwatchTV?5.Willtheyreadbooks?6.Canyousing?难点:只能用whether不用if的三种情况•一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:•①与ornot连用:HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.•②在介词之后:Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.•③在不定式之前:Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如:1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?任务4:用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow…\n2.Iwanttoknow…3.Canyoutellme…1.Whatisthis?2.Whatareyoudoing?3.Wheredoyoulive?4.Whendoeshegetup?5.Howdidyougotowork?6.Whowillyouplaywith?Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句that不变Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序Ican’trememberifIpostedtheletter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序HeaskedwhowasourEnglishteacher.难点:语序不变的情况:(一)当从句的原句为以下句子时,语序不变:What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.(二)当从句的原句以what,who作主语时,语序不变:eg:Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是_________时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswherewewillgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.\nHesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.难点:1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,仍然用现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍然用一般过去时。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.锦囊1宾语从句小口诀: 宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词; 主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制; 主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时; 陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。 其他考点:宾语从句中的否定前移如果主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose等,而且主句的主语又是第一人称时,它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中,即否定主句中的动词,这也就是我们平常所说的“否定前移”。Idon'tthink(that)itwillrain.Idon'tbelievehetellslies.难点:①这种否定前移的宾语从句,在变成反意疑问句时,反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。任务5:请给出下列句子的反意疑问句。Idon'tthink(that)heisinterestedinthatthing,____________?我认为他对那件事不感兴趣,对吗?②如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时,它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常不前移\n,它的反意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致,即如果主句是肯定,反意疑问部分就用否定;如果主句是否定,那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。任务6:请给出下列句子的反意疑问句。Shethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,____________?她认为那部电影不好看,是吗?Youthinkyoucan'tgetup,____________?你认为你起不来,是吗?其他需要说明的问题:1.标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。eg.IheardshehadbeentotheGreatWall.CanyoutellmewhichbusIshouldtake?2.宾语从句和状语从句的区分任务7:请指出下列两个句子:哪一个是宾语从句,哪一个是状语从句?eg.1)Iwillgoouttomorrowifitisfine. 2)Idon'tknowifthetrainhasarrived.句1)中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句2)中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don'tknow的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。锦囊2:1.从位置看:状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2.从引导词看:if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。3.从时态看:\nif和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来(即”主将从现”)。任务8:将下列连个句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.4)CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChaoMr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homeworkyet.7)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_____________________________inthepicture?8)Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow______________atthedoorsoloudly.11)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12)What'shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat____________________.13)Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.\nPleasetellme__________________________________.14)Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_____they_____friedchicken.15)WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.任务9:单项选择。1)Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./2)—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where3)Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how4)—Doyouknow________?I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived5)—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy6)Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where7)—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidforD.howmuchshewillpayfor8)Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestartedB.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart\n任务10:历年中考真题。例1 Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if例2 Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen例3 —Iwonder________.—Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimalsC.whattheycalltheseanimalsD.howdotheycalltheseanimals任务9:单项选择。1)Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案:D hope后面应该接that引导的宾语从句,that在句中没有任何意义,可以省略。2)—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案:A 从下文的答语看,上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。3)Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案:A 本句表达一种不确定的概念,用whether或if。4)—Doyouknow________?I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived\n答案:C 宾语从句要用陈述语气,排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿?”。5)—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy答案:A doyouthink是插入语,可以把它去掉,分析句意应该用一般过去时态和陈述语序。6)Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案:C 句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。7)—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidforD.howmuchshewillpayfor答案:C 宾语从句要用陈述语序,由此排除A、B两项,由lastweek判断应该用过去时态。8)Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestartedB.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart答案:C 由tomorrow判断,应该用将来时态表示。任务10:历年中考真题。例1 Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if思路解析:注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》,本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。答案:D黑色陷阱:本题的主要陷阱是书名WhoMovedMyCheese,它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。绿色通道:在英语中,注意书名一般都是斜体的,且书名的首字母是大写的,注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。例2 Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen思路解析:注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”,应该用when表示\n“当……时”,本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。答案:D黑色陷阱:本句结构复杂,主要陷阱设置在when上,它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。绿色通道:做此类题,要慢慢理顺思路,不要钻牛角尖,当一种含义说不通时,从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。例3—Iwonder________.—Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimalsC.whattheycalltheseanimalsD.howdotheycalltheseanimals思路解析:本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”,排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。答案:C黑色陷阱:本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how,注意本句中隐含句型callsb.sth.含义是“称呼某人……”。绿色通道:解答本类题首先分析句意,确定引导词,然后看好语序和时态。