初中宾语从句详细讲解与练习[1] 10页

宾语从句宾语从句三大块:1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.老师说我是个好男孩。Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：(1)IsJimagoodstudent?　Idon’tknowIdon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?注意：只能用whether不用if的三种情况•一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：•①与ornot连用：HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.•②在介词之后：Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings•③在不定式之前：Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序Ican’trememberifIpostedtheletter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序HeaskedwhowasourEnglishteacher.注意事项:(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?10\n2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：一般现在时态一般过去时态现在进行时态过去进行时态(was/weredoing)现在完成时态过去完成时态（had+过去分词）一般将来时态过去将来时态（woulddo;was/weregoingtodo）HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原来时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.直接引语与间接引语（1）一、定义　　直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，叫做“直接引语”；　　用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号，这叫做“间接引语”。　　实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。　　例如：Johnsaid,“I’mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather.”　　　　　JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.二、用法　　直接引语变间接引语时，要用连接词引导，从句中人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语要做相应的变化。具体有：　　（一）人称的变化：　　在将直接引语变间接引语时，人称变化有一句顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。具体内容是：　　（1）“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。　　　　从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。　　　　例如：Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”　　　　　　　→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.她说她弟弟想和她一起去。　　（2）“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人你所修　　　　饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人　　　　称。　　　　例如：HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”　　　　　　　→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.他问凯特她的妹妹怎么样了。　　（3）“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三　　　　人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。　　　　例如：MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”10\n　　　　　　　→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.史密斯先生说杰克是个好工人。　　（二）时态的变化：　　直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。如果主句的时态是一般现在时，从句的时态不需要变化；如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态要做相应的变化。本单元要掌握的是：当主句的时态是一般过去时时，从句如果是一般现在时，应变为一般过去时。其他时态变化，我们会在下个单选详细讲解。　　（三）状语、指示代词、动词的变化：　　1.时间状语直接引语间接引语nowthentomorrowthenext（following）daytodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforenextweek（month,year，etc.）thenext（following）week（month,year，etc.）twodaysagotwodaysbeforelastweek（month,year,etc.）theweek（month,year,etc.）beforethisweek（month,year,etc.）thatweek（month,year,etc.）2.指示代词：this变that；these变成those　　3.地点状语：here变成there　　4.动词：come变成go，bring变成take　　（四）句子结构的变化。　　直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句，that在口语中常省略。　　例如：Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”　　　　　→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.　　　　　她说他们的公共汽车五分钟后到达。　　1.直接引语如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，用tell（ask,advise,order,warn）sb,(not)todosth.　　Hesaidtotheboy,“Openthewindow”.→　Hetoldtheboytoopenthewindow.　　　　1.有些直接引语形式上是疑问句，但实际并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、提议、建议或劝告等意义。　　“Wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?”heasked.→Heaskedmetoclosethedoor.　　“Whydon’tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?”heasked.→Headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.　　　　2.直接引语如果是以Let’s…开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggestdoing/that从句”。　　Hesaid,“Let’sgotothemovies.”→Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotothemovies.10\n1.Doyouknow____daughtersheis?　A.whoseB.whomC.whatD.who　2.Theywonderediftheteacher____ themsomeEnglishsongsthenextweek.　A.wouldteachB.hadtaughtC.willteachD.taught　3.Heasked____picturewasJohn's.　A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which　4.Hetoldme____ParisisthecapitalofFrance.　A.whichB.theC.thatD.what　5.Heaskedme____ duringthesummerholiday.　A.whereIhadgoneB.whereIhadbeenC.wherehadIgoneD.wherehadIbeen　6.Canyoutellus____?　A.ifyourfatherdoes  B.whatdoesyourfatherdo　C.yourfatherdoeswhatD.whatyourfatherdoes　7.HeaskedmeifIknew____ .　A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitis D.whosepenisit　8.Doyouknow____?　A.whatareyoulistening   B.whatyouarelistening　C.whatyouarelisteningtoD.whatareyoulisteningto　9.-Doyouknow____?　-Yes.Heisateacher.　A,whomheisB.whomisheC.whatisheD.whatheis　10.I'mnotsurewhether_______tomorrow.　A.theywillarriveB.willtheyarriveC.theyarriveD.theyhavearrived　Ⅱ用适当的连词填空　1.Doyouremember____ Chinasentupherfirstman-madesatellite?　2.Iaskedhim____heknewMary.　3.Iamsure____yousaidistrue.　4.Weknow_____thereisnoaironthemoon.　5.Heaskedme____ shewouldcomeornot.　6.Canyoutellme____ Icangetthere?　7.Doyouknow____itisabirdornot?　8.Doyouknow____ wayweshouldtaketogettothehospital?　9.Sheknew_____todoit.　10.Idon'tthink____hewaswrong. 1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?    A.whenwillyouleave  B.whendoyouleave  C.youwillleavewhen      D.whenyouwillleave    2.Canyoutellme_________?    A.wheredoesTomlive     B.whereTomlived   C.Tomliveswhere      D.whereTomlives    3.Theoldmanaskedme________.    A.wherewasthecinema       B.whereisthecinema C.wherethecinemawas         D.wherewasthewaytothecinema    4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.    A.that  B.if    C.why      D.how    5.Ididn’tknow______hewillcomeornot.   A.that    B.whether      C.weather        D.how    6.Iwonder_________.A.howmuchcosttheseshoes B.howmuchdotheseshoescost C.howmuchtheseshoescost  D.howmucharetheseshoescost10\n    7.Sheaskedme_______. A.whohewas     B.whowashe       C.whoishe       D.whoheis    8.Askhim_________. A.whosecupthisis     B.whosecupisthis C.thisiswhosecup D.whoseisthiscup    9.Idon’tknow_________.    A.whattimethemoviestarts   B.whattimestartsthemovie   C.thetimetostartthemovie     D.themoviewhattimestarts    10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.    A.wasIill       B. haveIbeenill    C.Ihavebeenill  D.Ihadbeenill    11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.    A.ifitrainstomorrow           B.ifdoesitraintomorrow C.ifitwillraintomorrow         D.ifwillitraintomorrow    12.Doyouknow_________?    A.whosepenisthis         B.whosepenthisis  C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto    13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?    A.thetapewas      B.wasthetape      C.thetapeis         D.isthetape    14.Theywanttoknow_________?    A.whereisthehospital           B.howoldareyou  C.whenthetrainwillleave   D.whyistheboycrying    15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.    A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking    B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking    C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking   D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking    16.Nooneknows____theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.    A.when      B.whetherC.where   D.if    17.Julydidn’tknow_________.    A.whereisTim’sfather  B.whenwasthefirstwatchmade C.whotheoldmanis   D.whatwaswrongwithherwatch    18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.    A.howshouldwedo  B.whatweshoulddo  C.whattodo  D.whatshouldwedo    19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.    A.howdoit         B.howtodo         C.whatdoit   D.whattodo    20.Heaskedme_________.    A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyB.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney  C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout  D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.7.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitt10\n1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?　　A.whatwillTomdo　　　B.whatdidTomdo　C.whatTomwilldo　　　D.whatTomdid　　2.Iwanttoknow_________.　　A.whatishisname　　　B.what’shisnameC.thathisnameis　　　D.whathisnameis　　3.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?　　A.that　　　B.whether　　　C.what　　　D.which　　4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.　　A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping　　C.whatisthewaytothemuseum　D.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping　　5.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?　　A.that　　　B.whose　　　C.who　　　D.which　　6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.　　A.whendoeshissoncomehome　B.whenhissoncomeshome　　C.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome　　7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?　　A.howdoeshemend　　　　B.howhemends　C.howhemended　　　　　D.howdidhemend10\n[即学即练]子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.4)CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChaoMr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homeworkyet.7)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_____________________________inthepicture?8)Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10\n10)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow______________atthedoorsoloudly.11)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12)What'shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat____________________.13)Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14)Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_____they_____friedchicken.15）WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.单项选择1）Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案：D　hope后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。2)—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案：A　从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。3)Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案：A　本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。4)—Doyouknow________？I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry，Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived答案：C　宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。5)—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer？—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.／；boughtB.has；boughtC.did；buyD.does；buy答案：A　doyouthink是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。10\n6)Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：C　句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidforD.howmuchshewillpayfor答案：C　宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由lastweek判断应该用过去时态。8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestartedB.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart答案：C　由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。经典例题例1　Inthebookshop，areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if思路解析：注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》，本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。答案：D黑色陷阱：本题的主要陷阱是书名WhoMovedMyCheese，它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。绿色通道：在英语中，注意书名一般都是斜体的，且书名的首字母是大写的，注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。例2　Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen思路解析：注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”，应该用when表示“当……时”，本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句结构复杂，主要陷阱设置在when上，它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。绿色通道：做此类题，要慢慢理顺思路，不要钻牛角尖，当一种含义说不通时，从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。例3　(2010江苏苏州中考)—Iwonder________.—Zebras.10\nA.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimalsC.whattheycalltheseanimalsD.howdotheycalltheseanimals思路解析：本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”，排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how，注意本句中隐含句型callsb.sth.含义是“称呼某人……”。绿色通道：解答本类题首先分析句意，确定引导词，然后看好语序和时态。例4　(2010北京中考)I’mdifferentfrommytwinsister.Ilovedancing，________sheisinterestedinreading.A.soB.orC.butD.and思路解析：本句是转折关系，选择C项。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式，不细读题而误选D项。绿色通道：并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系，所以一定要把题读完再作判断。例5　(2010重庆中考)Workhard，________youmaycatchupwithyourclassmatessoon.A.orB.butC.andD.yet思路解析：本句是“祈使句＋and”的句型，句意为“努力学习，你会很快赶上其他同学的”，and在句中表示承接关系，所以选C项。答案：C黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱是句型，本句型区别于“祈使句＋or”，这个句型的含义是“……，不然的话/否则……”。绿色通道：祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析句意，再作决定10