高中英语辅导讲座二 72页

高中英语辅导讲座（二）句子翻译——名词性从句并列句顾村中学冯江华\n英语句子基本结构有五种：主语+不及物动词联系动词+表语及物动词+宾语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语\n句子的扩展从句↙↘名词性从句修饰性从句↙↙↘↘↙↘主语表语宾语同位语定语状语\n名词性从句概念分类讲解多重复合句有关的谚语\nItneveroccurredtomethatTomshouldbemadechairmanofthestudents’Union.(主语从句)2002上海秋季Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.(宾语从句)2002上海秋季\nPeoplewerewildwithjoyatthenewsthattheOlympicGameswouldbeheldinBeijingin2008.(同位语从句)2003上海春季Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpassthedrivingtestwasthathelackedpractice.(表语从句)2004上海春季\n名词性从句概念：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句连接词that,if,whether连接代词who,what,which连接副词when,where,how,why（带-ever的连接代词、连接副词起强调的作用）名词性从句的语序都是陈述句的语序\n主语从句+不及物动词联系动词+表语及物动词+宾语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Itis+...+主语从句与Itis+…that结构区别主语主语从句+\n主语+不及物动词1.Everythinghasgone.主语+联系动词+表语主语从句+联系动词+表语主语从句+不及物动词Whatheusedtohavehasgonenow.2.Heishappy.Whatheisafterishappiness.\n主语+及物动词+宾语主语从句+及物动词+宾语主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语从句+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语3.Hewillmakeabigmistake..Whoeverfailstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.4.SheistogivehersomehelpWhatshewantstodoatpresentistogivehimsomehelp.\n主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语5.Herwordshavemadeusmuchtothinkabout.Whatshesaidhasmadeusmuchtothinkabout.主语从句+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语\n主语从句主语从句+不及物动词联系动词+表语及物动词+宾语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Itis+...+主语从句与Itis+…结构区别\nItisquitepossibleforyoutobeinformedofthetheeventsbothathomeandabroad.Itisquitepossiblethatyoushouldbeinformedofthetheeventsbothathomeandabroad.Itis+...+主语从句\na.Itis+n.+that……Itisafact(ashame/nowonder/goodnews/awonder/agoodthing/apity/…)that…b.Itis+adj.+that…Itisnecessary(strange/important/wonderful/essential/possible/likely/natural/clear/funnyridiculous/obvious/true/fortunate/…)that…\nc.Itis+p.p+that…Itissaid(reported/decided/rumoured/announced/arranged/stressed/expected/…)that…d.It+vi.+that…Ithappened(turnedout/suddenlyoccurredtome/…)that…\ne.Itdoesn’tmatter(doesn’tmaketoomuchdifference/isoflittleconsequence/…)+连接代词或连接副词引导的句子\n1.她去不去由她自己决定。主语从句+不及物动词beuptosb.todosth.shewillgoornotisuptohertodecide.Whethershewillgoornotisuptohertodecide.…beuptohertodecide\n2.我们现在努力学习的目的就是在将来为国家贡献一份力量。(aim,contribute)Thatweworkhardatpresentisaimedatcontributingourparttothecountryinthefuture....beaimedatcontributingourparttothecountryinthefuture.主语从句+联系动词+表语beaimedat/contribute...to\n1.我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。(occur）2002上海秋季It+vi.+that…Itneveroccurredtomethat…didn’toccurelectsb./makesb.chairmanItneveroccurred/didn’toccurtomethatTomwould/shouldbeelected/madechairmanofthestudents’Union.Exercise:\n2.任何想要生存的人不能不依靠社会。(independent)主语从句+联系动词+表语Whoeverwantstoexistcannotbeindependentofsociety.beindependentof…cannotbeindependentofsocietywhoever…\n连接词的位置1.that引导的主语从句大多数要放到句末去；2.What…引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语的结构；3.由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首或句子后部皆可；4.如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式,则须用it作形式主语的结构;\n与Itis+…that结构区别Itis/was+强调部分+that/who…1.ItwasinParisthatshemetandmarriedPierreCurie.InParisshemetandmarriedPierreCurie.2.Itwasforthosewoundedsoldiersthatsheworkeddayandnightatthehospital.Forthosewoundedsoldierssheworkeddayandnightatthehospital.3.ItisIwho/thatamyourtruefriend.Iamyourtruefriend.4.Itiscertainthatcuttingdownalargenumberoftreesandusinginsecticidewilldisturbthebalanceofnature.Certaincuttingdownalargenumberoftreesandusinginsecticidewilldisturbthebalanceofnature.Itis+thefirst/second/…+timethat…ItistheonlytimeinhistorythattwoNobelPrizeshavebeengiventothesameperson.Itis(high)timethat…Itishightimethatwewentoverourlessonsfortheentranceexam.\n主语+不及物动词联系动词+表语及物动词+宾语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语表语从句表语从句的定义：表语从句放在联系动词(如be/seem/remain等后)：\n1.因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。(Thereasonwhy…)2004上海春季Thereasonisthat…Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpassthedrivingtestwasthathelackedpractice.主语是reason时，表语从句常用that，不用because。主语+联系动词+表语从句\n2.报纸的第一页是我们了解当天最重要新闻的地方。(oftheday)Thefrontpageofanewspaperiswhere…Thefrontpageofanewspaperiswherewelearnthemostimportantnewsoftheday.Exercise:\n宾语从句的种类作动词的宾语宾语从句作介词的宾语作形容词的宾语有关宾语从句的特殊用法\n主语+及物动词+宾语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语作动词的宾语动词+宾语从句+间接宾语+宾语从句+it+宾语从句动词不定式+宾语从句\n动词+宾语从句大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词的后面1.不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(putoff)2002上海春季heneverputsoff…heneverputsoffwhatmustbedonetodayHoweverlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatmustbedonetodaytilltomorrow.Exercise:2.你不认为那个人的脸很像警察局通缉的凶犯吗？(besimilarto)Don'tyouthinkthatman'sfaceissimilartothatofthemurdererwantedbythepolice?Don'tyouthinkthat…\n动词+间接宾语+宾语从句有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语1.他使我相信，去西藏看看还是很有吸引力的。(assure)Hehasassuredmethat…HehasassuredmethatthereissomethingattractiveaboutmegoingtoTibettohavealook.Exercise:2.我必须警告你使用电器设备是要十分小心。(careful)Imustwarnyouthat…becarefulindoing…Imustwarnyouthatyouhavetobeverycarefulinusingelectricalequipment.\n动词+it+宾语从句如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语后面1.不要想当然地认为开夜车是最好的学习方法。(way)takesth.forgrantedtakeitforgrantedthat…Don’ttakeitforgrantedthat…Don’ttakeitforgrantedthatburningthemidnightoilisthebestwaytostudy.Exercise:2.我们应使公众明白这一点，保持生态平衡是重要的。(keep)makesth.clearmakeitclearthat…Weshouldmakeitcleartothepublicthat…Weshouldmakeitcleartothepublicthatitisimportanttokeepthebalanceofnature.\n动词不定式+宾语从句1.应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。(apply)2002上海秋季beencouragedtodosth.apply…to…Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapply…Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.2.面试时教授向他提问，为的是了解他是否能胜任科学研究工作。(becapableof)Theprofessoraskedhimsomequestionstoseewhether……toseewhetherhewascapableofthescientificresearchworkTheprofessoraskedhimsomequestionsattheinterviewtoseewhetherhewascapableofthescientificresearchwork.\nIthinkyouaren’tright.我想你错了。Idon’tthinkyouareright.1.在think/believe/suppose/expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式，而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式Ithinkso.Idon’tthinkso./Ithinknot.2.在think/believe/imagine/suppose/guess/…动词以及I’mafraid等后可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的形式。\n宾语从句的种类作动词的宾语宾语从句作介词的宾语作形容词的宾语有关宾语从句的特殊用法\n作介词的宾语介词+宾语从句介词+it+宾语从句except/in/but/besidesthat…\n介词+宾语从句1.你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(apologize)2004上海秋季Youshouldapologizetothepeoplepresentforwhatyouhavejustdone.apologizetosb.forsth.Youshouldapologizetothepeoplepresentfor…Exercise:2.人们读报为的是获悉国内外发生的事情。(inform)Peoplereadnewspapers…Peoplereadnewspaperstobeinformedaboutwhatishappeningathomeandabroad.…tobeinformedabout/of……tobeinformedaboutwhatishappeningathomeandabroad.\n介词+it+宾语从句有时在介词和其它宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it1.你放心，他们会支持你的。(dependon)Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.2.我将负责把一切准备好。I'llseetoitthateverythingisready\nexcept/in/but/besidesthat…4.IwouldhavehelpedyoubutthatIwassobusythen.1.Hisaunthasalwaysbeeningoodhealthexceptthatshehasaslightheadachesometimes.2.Theplaywasbadlyacted,besidesthatitwasfartoolong.3.Shelovesthenewlybornbabysomuchthatheronlyhappinessliesinthatshecantakecareofherchildbyherself.\n作形容词的宾语在某些形容词（如afraid恐怕/sure确信/certain肯定/confident相信等）作表语时，可接一个that引导的宾语从句（也有人认为是状语从句）1.我肯定这本字典适宜高三的学生。(suitable)I'msurethatthisdictionaryissuitableforthestudentsofseniorthree.Exercise:2.我们每个人都明白金钱并非是我们生活的唯一目标。(aware)Everyoneofusshouldbeawarethatmoneyisnottheonlypurposeinlife\n1.Itisabookwhathewants.Whathewantsisabook.5.Whethershewillcomeornotisunimportanttome.2.Haswhowillbesenttocarryoutthetaskbeensettled?2.Hasitbeensettledwhowillbesenttocarryoutthetask?3.Idon’tknowwheredoeshelive.3.Idon’tknowwherehelives.4.Whereisheisunknowntome?4.Whereheisisunknowntome?\n\n同位语从句的定义同位语从句同位语从句和定语从句的区别跟在一个名词的后面，表示与之同位的名词的实际意义常见的带同位语从句的名词有news(消息)、fact(事实)、idea(主意)、hope(希望)、thought(想法)、order(命令)等等1.听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时，人们欣喜若狂。(newsthat)2003上海春季Peoplewerewildwithjoy/overjoyedatthenewsthat…PeoplewerewildwithjoyatthenewsthattheOlympicGameswouldbeheldinBeijingin2008.2.他的健康状况开始恶化，这彻底改变了他的性格。(transform)Thefact…transformedhischaracterthoroughlyThefactthathishealthbegantofailtransformedhischaracterthoroughly.\n同位语定语意义补充说明修饰和限定结构连接词引导关系词引导内涵没有逻辑关系有逻辑关系连接词不可省略作宾语可省略名词抽象名词没有限制同位语从句和定语从句的区别\n1.他们比赛获胜的消息是真的。Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句,news与从句没有逻辑关系)2.你昨天给我们讲的消息是真的。Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语从句,news是told的逻辑宾语)\n4.新中国成立的那一天是永远不会忘记的。3.我们什么时候返回的命令还未到。ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(同位语从句,order与从句没有逻辑关系)Theorderwhenweshouldreturnhasn'treachedus.(定语从句,day是founded的逻辑状语)\n1.给我印象最深的是他总是谦虚和彬彬有礼。(impress)多重复合句Whatimpressesmemost……thatheisalwayssomodestandpoliteWhatimpressesmemostisthatheisalwayssomodestandpolite.\n2.他在书中写的东西与发生的事实相反。(fact)Whathewroteinhisbook……thefactthatithappenedWhathewroteinhisbookwascontrarytothefactthatithappened.…becontraryto…\n3.他没有取得进步的原因是他总是避免做难题，而不是努力去解决它们。(insteadof)(insteadof)Thereasonisthat…Thereasonwhyhehasn'tmadeanyprogressisthat…Thereasonwhyhehasn'tmadeanyprogressisthathealwaysavoidsfacingdifficultproblemsinsteadoftryingtosolvethem.\nWecan'tjudgewhathereallymeantbydoingsountillweknowallthecircumstances.Wejudgewhathereallymeantbydoingso…Wejudge…4.我们只有了解了全部情况以后，才能对他这样做的真实意图做出判断。(judge)not…until…\n同名词性从句有关的谚语1.世上无难事，只怕有心人。It'sdogged______doesit.that2.若要人不知除非己莫为。______isdonebynightappearsbyday.What3.生米已成熟饭。木已成舟。覆水难收。_______isdonecannotbeundone.What4.学习可以使你成为理想的人物。Studytobe_______youwishtoseem.what\n5.有钱就有势。_____holdsthepurserulesthehouse.Who6.如人饮水，冷暖自知。Nonebutthewearerknows_______theshoepinches.wherewhat7.今日事，今日毕。Neverputofftilltomorrow_______shouldbedonetoday.8.草动知风向。Astrawshows________waythewindblows.which\n1.Theqestionisifweshouldaccepttheirinvitation.1.Theqestioniswhetherweshouldaccepttheirinvitation.2.Thenewsifourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.2.Thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.3.Italldependsoniftheywillsupportus.3.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.4.Ifweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.4.Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.whether\n6.Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit.请告诉我你是否喜欢。如果你喜欢，请告诉我。5.Iwonderwhetherthenewsistrueornot.7.Hewasnotsurewhther/ifitisright.8.Idoubtwhetherhewillcomesoon.9.Idonotdoubtthathewillcome.10.Doyoudoubtthathewillcomesoon?\n1.上周因为生病我缺了一些课，但我会努力赶上大家的。(miss)2004上海秋季Becauseofillnesslastweek,Imissedsomelessons,butIwilltrytocatchupwithothers.2.请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。(or)2003上海秋季Pleasemakeyourdecisionasearlyaspossibleyoucan,oryou'llmissthegoodopportunity.\n并列句概念：两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构用一个并列连词来连接，或用一个分号分开分类：转折并列句因果并列句联合并列句选择并列句\n转折并列句常见的表示转折的并列连词有but（但是），yet（可是），however（但）While（而，两分句之间的关系是相对比的）。1.关注健康很重要，但是过分害怕也是没有必要的。(need)Itisveryimportanttotakecareofyourhealth,butthereisnoneedtobetoomuchafraidofillness.takecareof/lookafter/careforthereisnoneedtodo…\n2.学外语是一个困难的过程，然而它是值得你去花这样的精力的。(yet)beworth…taketroubleLearningaforeignlanguageisadifficultprocess,yetitwillbeworththetroubleyoutake.\n因果并列句常见的表示因果的并列连词有for（因为，for分句前常有逗号）so（所以），therefore（因此，所以）等。1.昨天晚上下雨了，因为地上是湿的。Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.2.你有许多工作要做，所以我不打扰你了。Youhavealotofworktodo,soIwon'ttroubleyou.\n联合并列句常见的表示联合的并列连词有and（和），notonly…butalso（不但…而且）不要担心你上大学的费用，我们会鼎立相助。(expense)2003上海春季Don'tworryaboutyourexpensesforuniversityeducation,andwewillmakethegreatestefforttohelpyou.expensesformakethegreatesteffort\n选择并列句常见的表示的选择并列连词有or（或者），otherwise（要不然），either…or（不是…就是）1.抓住每一次机会，不然你会后悔的。Takeeverychanceoryouwillregretinfuture2.要么进来，要么出去。Eithercomeinorgoout.\n并列句与名词性从句1．他在实验中多次失败，但他相信失败是成功之母。1999上海秋季Hehasfailedinhisexperimentsmanytimes,buthebelievesthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.\n1.我们听到他获奖的消息感到非常兴奋，但并不感到惊奇，因为他的成功是意料之中的。(award)Weweregreatlyexcitedatthenewsthathehadbeenawarded,butwewerenotsurprisedashissuccesswaswhatwehadexpected.\n名词性从句ExerciseI:1.人们普遍认为不断学习新的事物能让我们生活更充实。(consider)2.我们是否能够开发出一些东西来代替石油是至关重要的。(substitute)3.毫无疑问，一条受过适当训练的狗可以从事很多高要求的工作。(takeup)4.他们尚未查明究竟是什么造成断电和煤气的泄露。(cause)5.最近一项调查表明该地区所有的生物正在受到工业污染的严重威胁。(threaten)\n6.语文老师要我们把这句箴言牢记在心，“三人行，必有我师。”(keep…inmind)7.经过两个小时的讨论，他们得出结论，即他们必须向经理投诉这件事情。(conclusion)8.他没有参加父亲的葬礼的原因是他至今无法原谅父亲年轻时的所作所为。(forgive)9.听到我们被洪水所困，他们立即前来营救。(strand)10.虽然她现在并不成功，但她不相信她的一生是一次失败。(failure)\nKeytotheexercisesI:1.Itisgenerallyconsideredthatlearningnewthingscontinuallycanmakeourlifefuller.2.Itmattersalotwhetherwecandevelopsomethingtosubstituteforpetrol.3.Itisdoubtlessthataproperlytraineddogcantakeupmuchhighlydemandingwork.4.Theyhaven'tfoundoutwhatcausedthepowercutandthegasleak.\n5.Arecentsurveyshowsthatallthelivingcreaturesintheareaarebeingseriouslythreatenedbyindustrialpollution.6.OurChineseteachertoldustokeepthemottoinmind,"thereisawalyssomethingwecanlearnfromacrowdaroundus."7.Aftertwohours'sdiscussion,theydrewtheconclusionthattheyhadtocomplainof/aboutittothemanager.\n8.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tattendhisfather'sfuneralwasthathestillcouldn'tforgivewhathisfatherdidwhenhewasyoung.9.Whentheyheardthatwewerestrandedbytheflood,theyimmediatelycametoourrescue.10.Althoughsheisnotsuccessfulnow,shedoesn'tbelievethatherlifewillbeafailure.\n并列句ExerciseII:1.使河流变清不是件容易的事，但我们的政府已经下定决心要清除污染。(It)2.我们没有人料到经理会出现在晚会上，我们还以为他还在医院呢。(expect)3.海豚不仅常常接近人们，还会保护落水的人免遭鲨鱼毒手。(Notonly)4.昨天，万里无云，阳光灿烂，是个旅游的好日子。(Itwas+adj.+…)5.我们只知道他隐藏在欧洲某个地方，但它居住在哪儿仍是个迷。(somewhere)\n6.你的建议听起来很合理，但是否能付诸实施是个疑问。(sound)7.从前人们不能得到大多数的信息，如今他们通过电脑可以了解世界各地发生的事情。(available)8.我们听到他获奖的消息感到非常兴奋，但并不感到惊奇，因为他的成功是意料之中的。(award)9.那为体面的绅士在法庭上宣称他反对毒品，但事实并非如此。(agreewith)10.在求职面试中，你必须给考官留下一个好印象,并且使他相信你能胜任这个职位。(assure)\n1.Itisveryimportanttotakecareofyourhealth,butthereisnoneedtobetoomuchafraidofillness.2.Noneofusexpectedthemanagertoturnupatthepartyandwethoughthewasstillinhospital.3.Notonlydodolphinsoftenapproachpeople,buttheyalsoprotectdrowningpeoplefromsharks.4.Itwascloudlessandshinyyesterdayanditwasapleasant(fine,good)daytomakeatrip(travel)\n5.WewereonlyawarethathewashidingsomewhereinEurope,butwherehelivesremainsamystery.6.Yoursuggestionsoundsreasonable,butwhetheritcanbeputintopracticeisstillaquestion.7.Mostinformationusednottobeavailabletoman,butnowtheycanlearnaboutwhat’sgoingonintheworldbycomputer.\n8.Weweregreatlyexcitedatthenewsthathehadbeenawarded,butwewerenotsurprisedashissuccesswaswhatwehadexpected.9.Therespectablegentlemanclaimedonthecourtthathewasagainstdrugs,butitdidn’tagreewiththefact.10.Duringthejobinterview,youmustmakeagoodimpressionontheinterviewerandassurehimthatyouarequalifiedforthepost.\n谢谢！