高中英语句型归纳 39页

高中英语句型归纳时间:2006-03-2618:10:15|[<<][>>]高中英语句型归纳1.bedoing/beabouttodo/haddone…,when…(when：这时,强调一个动作的突然发生)1).Iwaswalkingalongtheriver,whenIheardadrowningboycryforhelp.2).Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.3).Ihadjustfinishedmytestpaperwhenthebellrang,announcingtheexamwasover.2.Itwas(not)+时间段+before+一般过去时过了一段时间就……..Itwill(not)be+时间段+before+一般现在时要过一段时间才会…Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…..Itwas+点时间+when…..Itwas+时间状语+that…..（强调句）1).Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.不久他就意识到他处境危险（动作已发生）2).Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromtheschool.还有半年你才从这个学校毕业（动作未发生）\n3).Itis3yearssinceheworkedhere.=helefthere.（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）4).Itwas3o’clockwhentheyreceivedthetelephone.5)Itwasat3o’clockthattheyreceivedthetelephone.3.no比较级than:A与B都不………/仅仅，只有not比较级than:A不如B/不超过，至多more………than………与其….倒不如……(=notas/so……..as……)morethan=notonly不仅仅……..1).HeworksnoharderthanI.他和我都不用功2).Hedoesn’tworkharderthanI.他不如我用功3).Therearenomorethansevenpeopleintheroom.屋里仅有七个人4).Therearenotmorethansevenpeopleintheroom.屋里至多有七个人5).Heismorediligentthanclever.与其说他聪明，倒不如说他勤奋àHeisnotas/socleverasdiligent.6)Itismorelikeameetingthanlikeaparty.-->Itisnotasapartyasameeting7).Mr.Zhangismorethanmyteacher,heisalsomybestfriend.张先生不仅仅是我的老师，他还是我的朋友4.once…..一旦…..,表示时间和条件1)Onceyouunderstandwhattheteacherexplained,youwillhaveno\ndifficultydoingthework.2).Onceyouhavedecidedtodosomething,youshouldfinishitanddoitwell.5.The+比较级…….，the+比较级……..越……,越……1)Themorebooksyouread,themoreknowledgeyouwillget.2)Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.6.asif/asthough…..（表示与事实相反，用虚拟；若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事实，则用陈述语气）1).Hewasingreattrouble,butheactedasifnothinghadhappened.2).Althoughtheyjustmetforthefirsttime,theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears3).Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.7.n./adj./adv./v.+as/though+主语+谓语，……尽管……,…….引导让步状语从句1).Childasheis,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.2).Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.3).MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreewithhisidea.8.whether….or….无论是….还是….1).Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad,theywillsetoffastheyplanned.2).Anyperson,whetheryoungorold,hashisownworth.9.疑问词+ever=nomatter+疑问词,引导让步状语从句或名词性从句\n1).Whichever(=Nomatterwhich)youlike,youcantakeitaway.(让步状语从句)Youcantakeawaywhichever(=anyonethat)youlike(名词性从句)2).Wheneveryoucomes,youwillbewelcome.(让步状语从句)3).Whateverhappens,Iwillsupportyou.(让步状语从句)4).Whoeverbreaksthelaw,hewillcertainlybepunished.(让步状语从句)àWhoeverbreaksthelawwillcertainlybepunished.(名词性从句)5).Howevergreatthedifficultyis,wecanovercomeit.(让步状语从句)10.if/aslongas/solongas/providingthat/providedthat/supposingthat/onconditionthat假如…..1).Iwilllendyoumoneyonconditionthatyoucanreturnitwithin3months.11.giventhat/consideringthat考虑到…..,鉴于……1).Givenherinterestinchildren/Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher.2).Consideringhisageandhisexperience,hehasdonewell.12.incasethat/incaseof…..万一…..,以防…..1).Incaseoffire,pleasedial119atonce.2).IncasethatJohncomes/Johnshouldcome,tellhimtowait.\n13.祈使句+or/otherwise+结果句或祈使句+and+结果句1).Stopdoingsuchfoolishthing,oryouwillbepunishedintime.2).Moreeffort,andtheproblemwouldhavebeensettled.3).Thinkitover,andyouwillfindtheanswer.14.so/such……..that…….引导结果状语从句时须注意l        当名词前many,much,little,few有修饰时,用so不用such因为此时的中心词不再是名词，而是many,much,little,few这些表示数量的词。1).Thewesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarthattheyputonweighteasily.2).Therearesofewfishinthelakethatwecouldn’tfishthemeasily.l        当名词是单数可数名词，前面又由adj.修饰时，注意冠词的位置，即so+adj+a(n)+n或such+a(n)+adj.+n1).Heissuchanhonestperson/sohonestapersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyouareintrouble.l        当so/such引导的部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构1).Suchgreatprogresshashemadeinhisstudiesthatwealladmirehim.l        当主从句主语一致时可与动词不定式相互转换,即变成so/such…….astodo结构。1).Thewesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarastoputonweighteasily.15.sothat引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句\nl        sothat引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用（=inorderthat），当主从句主语一致时可转换为soastodo/inordertodo.1).Heturneduptheradioalittlesothathecouldhearthenewsclearly.Heturneduptheradioalittlesoastohearthenewsclearly.2).Heclosedallthewindowswhiledrivingsothatheshouldn’tcatchcold.(否定句中情态动词用shouldn’t)l        sothat引导结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用1).Heturneduptheradioalittlesothatheheardthenewsclearly.16.cannever/can’t与too,toomuch,enough,over-搭配表示“无论怎样….都不过分”1).Whileyouaredoingyourhomework,youcan’tbecarefulenough.2).Heissuchagreatmanthatwecan’tpraisehimtoomuch.3).WilliamHartleywashandsome,determinedandhardworking,inaword,Icouldn’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.4).ThedevelopmentofsocietyhasmadeitnecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish,sowecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.5).Sinceitisagoodthing,wecan’tdoittoosoon.17.不定式作主语，it作形势主语：It+系动词+adj./n..+forsb.todo(forsb.表示动词不定式动作的执行者)It+系动词+adj.+ofsb.todo（ofsb.\n既表示动词不定式动作的执行者有表示人所具备的性质或特征）1).It’simportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.2).Howrudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat!3).It’sthoughtfulofhimtofixusupforthenight.18.不定式作宾语，it作形势宾语：主语+think/consider/believe/make/feel+it+adj./n.+forsb./ofsb.+todo1).Ifeelitfoolishofhimtobelievesuchaman.2).Thetimelyrainhadmadeitpossibleforthecropstogrowwell.19.won’t/can’thavesb.doing/done不能容忍某行为发生1).Youaretoorude,andIwon’thaveyouspeakingtoMotherlikethatagain.2).Wecan’thaveanythingdoneagainsttheschoolrules.20.Itissaid/thought/hoped/believed…..that……Sb.issaid/thought/hoped/believedtodo…..1).Itissaidthatheisstudyingabroad.-->Heissaidtobestudyingabroad.2).ItisconsideredthatmanycountrieshighlyvalueChina’sroleinhelpingworld’speace.àManycountriesisconsideredtohighlyvalueChina’sroleinhelpingworld’speace.\n21.表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图l        hadhopedtodo=hopedtohavedone.。类似的词还有：expect,think,intend,design,plan,mean,suppose等l        wouldlike/prefer/lovetohavedonel        was/weetohavedonel        was/weresupposedtohavedone1).---Didyougotoseethefilm“Titanic”lastnight?---I’dliketohave,butIhadanunexpectedguest.2).Theplanewastohavetakeoffat7thismorning,butwasheldupbytheheavyfog.22.Howdidsbcometodo…..?=Howcomethat….为什么会…../……是怎么回事？表示要求对所发生的事情说明理由或做出解释1).Howdidyoucometofindoutwhereshe’sliving?=Howcomethatyoufoundout….你是怎么打听到她住在哪儿的?2).Howcomethatyousatthere,doingnothing?为什么坐在那儿什么也不干?3).Howdidhecometobesofoolish?23.Itis(not)likesb.todo…..….（.不）像某人的所作所为1).It’slikehimtoanswerforwhathehasdone.敢对自己的行为负责，这是他的一贯作风2).It’snotlikehimtohavebeensorudetohismother.\n24.whenitcomesto…..当谈到或涉及到……1).Heisamanoffewwords,butwhenitcomestoplayingcomputer,hewillbeexcitedandfullofenergy.2).Whenitcomestohelpinghiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevercomplains.25.everytime/eachtime/nexttime/thefirsttime/anytime等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每当…..,每次…..,下次…..”1).Everytimeyoumeetwithnewwordswhilereading,don’talwaysrefertoyourdictionary.àWhenyoumeetwithnewwordseverytime…..2)Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.3)Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.26.Thereis(no)needtodo…../for….-àItis(not)necessaryforsb.todo….Thereis(no)hope/chance/possibilityofdoing….Thereis(no)difficulty/trouble/point/delay(in)doing1).Isthereanychanceofus/ourwinningthematch?2).Thereisnopointindiscussingtheproblemagain.27.Itisuptosb.todosth.应由某人来做某事……..1)---Whenshallwestartout?---It’suptoyoutodecide.2).It’suptoyoutobabysitmysowhileIamawayonbusiness.28.beuptosth.忙于…..,从事…….,胜任…..\n1).Johnisn’treallyuptothatjob.约翰不适合干那项工作2).Whathaveyoubeenuptorecently?最近你一直在忙些什么29.Itistimetodo/Itistimethat+主语+动词的一般过去式该是做…..的时候了Itistimethatweendedthediscussion.30.it强调句：l        基本构成形式：Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分e.g.:Imethiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.àItwasIwho/thatmethiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调是我，不是别人)àItwashimwho/thatImetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调我遇见的是他，不是别人)àItwasinthestreetthatImethimyesterdayafternoon.(强调是在大街上，不是在别的地方，强调的是地点，但不用where)àItwasyesterdayafternoonthatImethiminthestreet(强调是昨天下午，不是在别的时候,强调的是时间，但不用when)l        强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分l        强调句的特殊疑问句：What/When/Where/Who/How……is/wasit+who/that+原句剩余部分\n1).Whowasitthat/whoyoumetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon?àTellmewhoitwasthat/whoyoumetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon?31.do,did,does用于强调谓语动词，加强语气1).Heisagoodstudent.-->Hedoesbeagoodstudent2).Hehelpedusyesterday.àHedidhelpusyesterday.3).Becareful!àDobecareful!32.Therebe句型：l        therebe之后如有几个并列主语，be动词的选择要取决于第一个主语，即就近原则。1).Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.-->Therearetwobooksandapenonthedesk.l        Therebe句型中，be动词还有其他变化形式，常见的有：Thereseemtobe,Therehappentobe,Thereusedtobe,Thereislikelytobe,Therehavebeen/hasbeen等1).Thereseems/appearstobemuchhopeofourteamwinningthematch.2).TherehappenedtobenobodyintheroomwhenIcamein.3).Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyhometownsince1978.4).Thereusedtobeabusstationatthecornerofthestreet.5).Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpectedwhileweare\ncarryingouttheplan.l        Therebe句型的独立主格结构作状语：（有连词，用句子，没有连词，用独立结构）1).Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.=Becausetherewerenobuses,wehadtowalkhome.2).Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thecropsinthefielddied.=Becausetherehadbeennorainforalongtime,thecropsinthefielddied.l        Therebe句型的非谓语形式：1).Idon’twanttheretobeanymisunderstandingbetweenus.2).Weexpecttheretobeachanceofstudyingabroad.3).Itisusualfortheretobeagenerationgapbetweenparentsandchildren.33.not/never…….until直到…..才1).Thevillagersdidn’trealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver.àItwasnotuntilallthefishdiedintheriverthatthevillagersrealizedhowseriousthepollutionwas.(强调句)àNotuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.（倒装句）34.notonly…..but(also)…..l        \n引导并列结构：主语时，谓语动词与邻近的一个主语保持一致。1).Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentshavetheireyesexaminedregularly.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherhashiseyesexaminedregularly.2).Theysuggestedweshouldnotonlyattendtheparty,butgiveaperformance.àTheysuggestedweshouldgiveaperformanceaswellasattendthepartyl        notonly…..but(also)…..引导并列句时，notonly引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装1).Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenaway,butalsohisGermancitizenshipwastakenaway.2).Notonlyshouldwestudentsstudyhard,butalsoweshouldknowhowtoenjoyourselvesinoursparetime.35.prefertodoAratherthandoB…（两者相比）愿意干A而不愿意干B==wouldratherdoAthandoB1).Iprefertostayathomeratherthangototheparkinsuchweather.2).Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefertorideabicycle.36.wouldrather+\n从句（从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望；从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的愿望）1).I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightnow.我想让你现在就把信寄出去。2).---Afriendofyourswillcometoseeyoutoday.你的一位朋友今天要来看你。---I’dratherhecameheretomorrow.我倒情愿他明天来。3).I’dratheryouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcase,wecouldspendmoretimetogether.我倒情愿你不是什么名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。4).I’dratherIhadn’tseenheryesterday.我情愿昨天没见到她。37.不能用wouldrathersb.do（更愿让某人干某事）的形式，可转化为wouldratherhavesbdo或转化为wouldrather+从句**1).Whowouldyourather_____withtheteacherabouttheproblem?A.talkingB.talkC.havetalkedD.havetalk答案：D38.so,neither/nor引导得倒装句l        表示“另一者也如如此”及前者的情况也适用于后者，用so,neither/nor引导得倒装句，助动词的选择依据前一句的谓语动词。1).Hehasfinishedhishomework,sohaveI.2).Mysisterpreferscoffee,sodoI.3).Johncan’trideabicycle,neither/norcanI.\n4).Ifhebuysthebook,sowillhisclassmates.l        若前句的谓语动词既有肯定又有否定形式时，或谓语动词不属于一类时，用Itis/wasthesamewithsb.或Soitis/waswithsb.1).Heisaworkerandheworkshard,soitiswithJohn.l        若后一句是对前一句所说的内容表示赞同或认可，则主语和谓语不倒装。1).---Itiscoldtoday.---Yes.Soitis2).---HevisitedTokyolastweek.---Yes.Sohedid.39.倍数表达法：l        A+谓语+倍数+the+n.(size/height/length……)+ofBl        A+谓语+倍数+as+abj.+asBl        A+谓语+倍数+adj.比较级+thanBàA+谓语+adj.比较级+thanB+by+倍数1).Thissquareistwicethesizeofthatone.àThissquareistwiceaslargeasthatone.àThissquareisoncelargerthanthatone.2).Thisfactoryproducedthreetimesasmanycarsastheydid10yearsago.3).Heis3yearsolderthanI-àHeisolderthanIby3years40.sb.spendmoney/timeonsth.indoingsthsb.paymoney(tosb)forsth.\nsth.costsb.money/timeIttakessb.sometimetodosth.1).ThetimehespendswatchingTVisasmuchashedoesdoinghishomework.2).Themp3.forwhichhepaidonly￥150provedtobeuseful.3).Thenaughtyboycosthismothermanysleeplessnights.41.当all,each,both,every基every,each的复合词语否定词连用时，为部分否定，“并非都….”1).Notallofthemwenttothepartylastnight.-->Allofthemdidn’tgotothepartylastnight.2).Bothoftheanswersarenotright.(=Onlyoneofthetwoanswersisright.)3).Wecouldn’teatintherestaurant,because___ofushad____money.A.all,noB.all,anyC.none,anyD.none,no答案：C42.as/with表示“随……进展”，as后面接句子，with后面接短语1).Withtheindustrydeveloping,thepollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.àAstheindustrydevelops,thepollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.43.Onlyif与Ifonly\nl        Onlyif=if,引导条件状语从句1).---OnlyifIlendyouahand?---I’msureIcanfinishitontime.l        Ifonly=HowIwish….,引导的句子用虚拟语气，表示难以实现的愿望***Ifonly=HowIwish主语+情态动词+V.（谓语动词的动作在wish之后进行）主语+动词的一般过去式（谓语动词的动作与wish同时进行）主语+haddone（谓语动词的动作在wish之前进行）1).Ifonlywedidn’thavesomanyexamines!2).Ifonlyhecouldcometomorrow!3).IfonlyIhadn’tmadesomanymistakes!3).Hecouldn’tworkoutasingleproblemwhenhewasintheexam.hall.Howhewishedheknewalltheanswer!àHecouldn’tworkoutasingleproblemwhenhewasintheexam.hall.Howhewishedhehadstudiedhardbefore!44.with的复合结构（作状语或作定语）l        with+n.+n.(with可以省略)1).Theworkforceismadeupof400workers,(with)mostofthemwomen.(=mostofwhomarewomen./andmostofthemarewomen.)\nl        with+n.+adj.(with可以省略)1).(With)thestreetwetandslippery,wehadtorideourbikesslowlyandcarefully.àBecausethestreetwerewetandslippery,……….2).Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,(with)theireyeswideopen.àThestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,andtheireyeswerewideopen.l        with+n.+adv.(with可以省略)1).Heputonhiscoathurriedly,(with)thewrongsideoutl        with+n.+prep-phrase(with可以省略)1).Theoldmanwasseatedinthesofa,(with)apipeinhismouth.(Also:pipeinmouth)l        with+n.+todo/tobedone（动词不定式的动作还未进行）with+n.+doing/beingdone（动词不定式的动作正在进行）with+n.+done（动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n.所处的状态）1).Withsomanyproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardyear.2).Hewaslyinginbed,withhiseyesfixedontheceiling3).Withthetemplebeingrepaired,wecan’tvisitedit.45.以here,there,in,out,up,down等副词开头的倒装句(\n多用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。)1).Herecomesthebus!(=Thebusiscominghere!)2).Awayhewent.他走远了（若主语是代词则主语与谓语不倒装）46.方位状语位于句首时的倒装句1).Infrontofthehousestoppedapolicecar.2).Underthetreesataboy,withabookinhishand.47.具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装。常用的此有：little,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,nosooner,innotime,bynomeans,innocase等1).Notasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam.2).Innotimedidthemanrealizewhatwashappening.3).Innocasecanyoutellhimthetruth.4).Hardlyhadthetrainleftwhenherememberedhehadlefthissuitcaseonit.Nosoonerhadthetrainleftthanherememberedhehadlefthissuitcaseonit.48.themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,ondoing…表示“一….就”1).Onarriving(hisarrival)attheairport,hewassurroundedbythereporters.2).---HaveyougiveJohnthebook?---Yes,themomentIsawhim.49.ratherthan\n1).Itisbettertoaskforhelpatthebeginningratherthantowaituntilabusyperiodwheneveryoneisrushedofftheirfeet.2).Itisthebosswhoistoblameratherthantheworkers.50.while/but：while侧重两者之间的对比，but多指一件事的两个对立面。1).HelikeslisteningtomusicwhileIlikewatchingTV.2).Ibadlywantedthatbook,butIhaven’tenoughmoney.51.onlytodo作结果状语，多用来表示出人意料、结局令人沮丧的结果。动词多是终结性的词，如：find,learn,tobetold,tobecaught等1).Hisfatherdisappeared,nevertoheardfromagain.2).Hehurriedtohisoffice,onlytobetoldthathewasdismissed.52.onemoment……andnow…….刚才还…….现在却……1).Onemomentthetwoboyswereplaying,andnowtheyarequarrelling.2).Onemomentitwasfine,andnowitisraining.53.of+n.表示某物具备某种性质或特征1).NewZealandwineisofhighqualityandissoldallovertheworld.2).Theyareofthesameheight.3).Coinsareofdifferentsizes,weights,shapesandofdifferentmetals.4).Sportsandgamesareofgreatvalueforchildren’sstudy.54.only+状语的结构放在句首，主句要部分倒装\n1).Theteachertoldmethatonlyinthatway,couldIlearnEnglishwell.2).Ireceivedmymother’scallat11a.m.,onlythendidIrememberitwasmybirthdaytoday.55.Whatdoyouthinkof……?（这三个句式用来询问某人对某个事物的评价或看法，Howdoyoufind……?其回答应该是评价性的话语）Howdoyoulike…..?1).---Howdoyoufindthefilmlastnight?---Ihaveneverseenaworseonebefore.56.Whatis/was………like?用来询问人或事物的特征或本质1).---Whatisyourmotherlike?---Sheisaveryniceperson./Sheisverybeautiful./Shelookslikeherfather.2).---Whatistheweathergoingtobethisweekend?---Itisgoingtobefine.57.虚拟语气中的重点句型l        If+were/did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+do（用来表示对现在情况的假设）1).Idon’thaveacellphone.IfIhadone,itwouldbeconvenientformetocontractothers.\nl        If+haddone(过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+havedone（用来表示对过去情况的假设）1).IfIhadgonetotheconcert,Iwouldhaveseenthefamoussinger.l        If+were/did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+doweretodoshoulddo（用来表示对将来情况的假设）1).IfIwerenottotake/shouldtake/tooktheexamtomorrow,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.l        虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were,should,had，可省略if,把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。1).Shouldheactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.àIfheshouldactlikethatagain,……Werehetoactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.àIfheweretoactlikethatagain,……***Ifheactedlikethatagain,……（不可以倒装）2).Hadthedoctorcomeintimelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.àIfthedoctorhadcomeintimelastnight,………..3).IfIhadtimenow,Iwouldgotothefilmwithyou.（不可以倒装,\n因为句中的had不是助动词）l        Butfor….-->Ifitwerenotfor…../Ifithadn’tbeenfor1).Butforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboardwouldn’thavebeensaved.àIfithadn’tbeenforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboard……2).Butforyourrichparents,youwouldn’tlivesuchaeasylife.àIfitwerenotforyourrichparents,youwouldn’tlivesuchaeasylife.l        再suggest,insist,demand,require,request,order,advise,propose等表示建议、要求、命令、主张的动词引导的名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should)do的形式1).MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedbefore9o’olock.对比：HeinsistedthatIhadtakenawayhisdictionary.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）2).HissuggestionthatTony(should)beinvitedtothepartywasrefused.（同位语从句）对比：Hiswordssuggestedthathewasveryangrywithme.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）58.taste,smell,look,sound,feel等感官动词作为系动词后面要接adj.作表语。1).Appleofthiskindtasteverynice.2).Smellingnice,thiskindofbreadsellswell.\n59.有些动词常用作不及物动词与well或easily连用，表示某物具备的某种特征。常用的词有sell,cut,wash,last,burn等。1).Hislatestworksellswell2).Drywoodburnseasily.60.否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级的含义1).Ihaveneverseenabetterfilm.2).Ican’tagreeyoumore.我非常同意61.替代句型：英语中为了避免重复，在比较从句中常用一些替代词来代替前文出现过的词。l        用助动词代替主句中的有关动词：1).IearnmorethanIdidinthepast.2).JohnspendsasmuchtimewatchingTVashedoeswriting.3).Chinaisnolongerwhatitwas/usedtobe.l        拥代词代替前文出现过的有关名词：that代替指物的单数可数名词或抽象不可数名词，一般是特指的those代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是特指的=theonesone代替指人或指物的单数可数名词，一般是泛指的ones代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是泛指的1).Theoutputofcoalthisyearistwiceasmuchasthatoflastyear.2).Thestudentsinthisclassaremoreactivethanthoseinthatone.3).Abridgemadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofstones.4).Smallbananasusuallytastebetterthanbiggerones.\n动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解文章来源：教育热点论文网文章编辑：EduHot发布时间：2006-04-13   ⒈不定式作主语   动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：   (1)把不定式置于句首。如：   Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.   (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：   ①It＋be＋名词＋todo   It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.   ②Ittakessb+sometime+todo   Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?   ③It＋be＋形容词＋forsb＋todo   Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.   ④It＋be＋形容词＋ofsb＋todo   Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.   ⑤Itseems(appears)＋形容词＋todo   Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.\n   在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sbis＋形容词＋todo句式，如：It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.字串5   ⒉动名词作主语   Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.   动名词作主语时，也常用It句式。如：   ①It's+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing…   It'snogoodreadingindimlight.   It'snousesittingherewaiting.   ②It's＋形容词＋doing   It'sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.   这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式代替，如：It'simportantforyoutokeepfit.   ③Thereisno+doing   Thereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.   在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于"It'simpossibleto…"结构。   ⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别   ①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如：字串8   It'snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.\n   It'snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.   ②动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如：   It'snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules.   二、作宾语   ⒈不定式作宾语   ①以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。如：   Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.   IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.   Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.   Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.   ②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋todo句式。如：字串3   Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.   Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.   ③介词but,except,besides+todo(do)   在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。如：   Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.\n   OnSundayafternoonIhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.   ⒉动名词作宾语   ①以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，如：admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don'tmind,giveup,insist,on,putoff等。如：   Isuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.   Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.   ②动名词作介词的宾语   Ishouldgotoattendthebirthdaycelebrationinsteadofstayingathome.字串8   WhataboutinvitingLiJuntomakeaspeech?   动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：havedifficulty(in)doing,havenotrouble(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,thereisnouse(in)doing等。   ⒊部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。   在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，如：Yourhandwritingneedsimproving(tobeimproved).hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。   在下列情况下，一般要用不定式：   ①hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：I'dliketohaveacupofcoffee.   ②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：Thestudentsarestartingtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem.   ③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，如：Isoonbegantounderstand\nwhat字串6   washappening.   ⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如：   Ourteachersdon'tpermitourswimminginthelake.   Ourteachersdon'tpermitustoswiminthelake.   ⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。   ①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如：   Don'tforgetfoposttheletterforme.   HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?   Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.   Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago.   Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.   Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.   ②meantodo打算做某事   doing意味着……字串2   Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.   Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.   ③trytodo设法尽力做某事\n   doing试着做某事   Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.   Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.   ④stoptodo停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）   doing停止做某事   Onthewaytotheairport,Istoppedtobuyapaper.   You'dbetterstoparguinganddoasyouaretold.   ⑤can'thelpdoing禁不住……   todo不能帮助干……   Theycouldn'thelpjumpingupatthenews.   SorryIhavelotsofworktodo.SoIcan'thelptomakeuptheroomforyou.   ⑥goontodo做不同的事或不同内容的事   doing继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续字串1   Hewentontotalkaboutworldsituation.他接着又谈了世界形势。   We'llgoonfightingsolongasthereisoppressionintheworld.   ⑦leaveofftodo离开某地去干什么（目的状语）   doing停下某事   It'stimetoleaveofftalkingandtostartacting.   Theyleftofftogofishing.   三、做表语   不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。\n   ①Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.   ②Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.   ③WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.   当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例②）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例③），不定式说明主语的内容。字串7   ④Ourworkisservingthepeople.   ⑤Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.   ⑥ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.   ④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Servingthepeopleisoutwork,而⑥句中是现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来。   四、作定语   ⒈不定式作定语   不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：   ①ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.   ②Haveyouanythingtobetakentoyoursister?   ③Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?   ④Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?   ⑤MywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.   不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：   (1)表示将来的动作（例①）。字串1\n   (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例④）。   (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例③）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例②）。   (4)不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例①toarrive=thatwillarrive。   ⒉动名词作定语   ①Thispassagecanbeusedaslisteningmaterials.   ②Thereadingroomofourschoollibrarycanhold800people.   ③Allmovingbodieshaveenergy.   ①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能，即：用来……的；第③句为现在分词作定语，单个分词作定语常置于被修饰词之前，与被修饰词之间，可构成逻辑上的主谓关系，分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后。如：ThemanstandingattheschoolgateisProfessorHua.   五、不定式作补足语   ⒈作宾语补足语   一些及物动词除要求按宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、状态、特征，这时意思才相对完整。字串2   (1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（强迫），encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wouldlike(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如：   ①WouldyoulikemetogiveyourregardstoMary?   ②Iwantyoutounderstandthewholepassageclearly.   (2)部分动词后常接tobe＋形容词、名词短语等形式，有时to\nbe可省略，如：believe,consider,discover,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understand等。   ①WeallbelieveJohn(tobe)honest.   ②Iconsiderhim(tobe)oneofthebestbiologyteachersofNo.1MiddleSchool.   但当不定式是完成式时，to不能省略，如：Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.   (3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to。   ①Ididn'thearanyonesayanythingaboutit.   ②Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.字串9   这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如第②句：Thestudentsaremadetodotoomuchhomework   everyday.   (4)help,know后面的"to"可有可无。如：   Wouldyoupleasehelpme(to)fillinthetaxform?   I'veneverknownher(to)belatebefore.但：HewasknowntohavebeentoFrancebefore.   (5)部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如：   Youmaydependonthemtobethereearly.   ThePartycallsonustoincreaseproductionandpractiseeconomy.   常这样用的短语动词有：askfor,carefor,callon,counton,dependon,waitfor,longfor（渴望），preparefor,wishfor等。   ⒉作主语补足语\n   不定式作主语补足语，和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系。如：   ①Hewasnotallowedtoentertheclassroomforbeinglate.   ②Theyounguniversitystudentisconsideredtohavegreatpromise.字串3   六、不定式作状语   ⒈作目的状语   (1)①Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.   ②Henryhasdecidedtogotothehospitaltobeexaminedbythedoctor.   (2)有时为了强调，不定式前可加inorder或soas。如：   Bobtookdownmytelephonenumbersoas(inorder)nottoforgetit.   有时为强调目的状语可把inorderto或不定式置于句首，但soasto不能这样用。在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为sothat,inorderthat,成为目的状语从句，如：   Istayedtheresothat(inorderthat)Icouldseewhatwouldhappen.   (3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh,pleased,sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。   ①Wearegladtohearthenews.   ②Iwassurprisedtoseethatathree-year-oldbabycouldwritesowell.   在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。如：Thequestionraisedbythestudentisdifficulttoanswer.字串2   Theroomisreallycomfortabletolivein.   常这样用的形容词有：comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible等。   ⒉作结果状语\n   Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofindourgardenneatandtidy.   不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。如：   ①so…asto;such…asto   I'mnotsostupid(afool)astoputitinwriting.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。   I'mnotsuchastupidfoolastoputitinwriting.   ②enough…to   Thespeedishighenoughforustocatchupwiththefirstliner.   ③onlyto   Janehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherdyinginthehospital.   ④too…to   I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.   但在下列结构中，too…to并非是“太……而不能……”之意。如：   ①I'monlytoogladtohavepassedtheexam.考试及格我太高兴了。（too修饰gladtohave…，相当于very）字串2   ②Wehavetoomuchtolearn.我们要学的太多了（不定式作定语）。   ⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：   Totellthetruth,theplaywasagreatdisappointmenttome.   常见的短语有tobeexact（确切地说），tobeginwith（首先），todohimjustice（说句对他公道的话），tobesure（真的）等等。   七、动词不定式、动名词的其它用法   ⒈疑问词＋不定式结构   \n疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：   ①WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.   ②Mr.Smithdidn'tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.   ③IaskedProfessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.   ④Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.   以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①Whenweshallleave…③…howI字串2   couldlearn…   经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。   ⒉动词不定式的时态、语态   (1)时态   ①一般式：动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示同时发生。如：   Ihopetobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.（tobecome发生在hope之后）   WeoftenhearDickplaythepianointhenextroom.（play和hear同时发生）   ②完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：   I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.   Wearetooyoungtohaveseentheoldsociety.   ③进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。如：   TheteacherhappenedtobecorrectingourpaperswhenIcamein.   Theyseemedtobediscussingsomethingimportant.   (2)语态字串9\n   如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：   It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.（不定式作主语）   Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主语）   Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.（不定式作宾语）   Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?（不定式作定语）   Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.（不定式作状语）   在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof(tobetakencareof).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：Theseisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)   ⒊动名词的时态、语态   (1)时态   ①一般式：动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指，也可与谓语动词同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之前、之后。如：字串9   Weareinterestedincollectingstamps.   IshallneverforgetseeingtheGreatWallforthefirsttime.   Wearenotafraidofdying.   ②完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：   Lmaginehavingtravelledonthemoon.\n   Wewerepraisedforhavingfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.   (2)被动语态   ①如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者，动名词要用被动语态，动名词的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分。如：   Theyoungmancameinwithoutbeingnoticed.   Hepridedhimselfonhavingneverbeenbeateninclass.   ②有些动词后的动名词用主动形式，但表示被动意义。如：   Thebikeneedsrepairing.   Ifathingisworthdoing,itisworthdoingwell.   ⒋在口语中，为避免重复，常用"to"代替不定式结构，有时甚至可以把to省略。如：字串7   ①—DidyougotovisittheGreatWall?   —No,Iwantedto,buttherewasn'tenoughtime.   ②—Wouldyouliketocometoaparty?   —I'dloveto.   ③—Don'tmakeanymistakesinyourhomework,willyou?   —I'lltrynotto.   ④—Trytobebackby12,won'tyou?   —OK,I'lltry.   另外，begoingto,oughtto,usedto等也常用于这一结构中。   ⒌在why引起的问句中，省略"to"。如：   Whyspendsuchalotofmoney?\n   Whynotwaitforacoupleofdays?   ⒍当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时，只在第一个不定式前加"to"。如：   It'squitenecessaryforustoreadmoreandhavemorepractice.   ⒎"to"在下列短语中是“介词”，后接动名词或名词形式。如：   devote…to,faceupto（勇敢地面对），lookforwardto（盼望），objectto（反对），taketo（养成习惯，对……感兴趣；开始从事某种活动），beusedto（习惯于）等。字串3