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  • 2022-09-06 发布

初中英语 语法梳理及练习 数词

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初中英语语法梳理和提高数词英语数词表示数目或者顺序,可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!一、基数词的构成1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13—thirteen15—fifteen18—eighteen。3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,20—twenty30—thirty40—forty50—fifty80—eighty。4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148—onehundredandforty-eight406—fourhundredandsix。6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600—sixhundred,8百万—eightmillion。7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。如:2,510=twothousandfivehundredandten;84,296=eight-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six;274,350=twohundredandseventy-fourthousandthreehundredandfifty。二、序数词的构成序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成,例如fourth,tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时,有特别之处。1.one---first,two---second,three---third,five---fifth,nice---ninth,twelve---twelfth2.以ty结尾的单词,要先变y为I,在加-eth.例如:thirty---thirtieth,fifty---fiftieth3.以one,two,three等结尾的多位数词,要将各位数变成序数词。例如:twenty-one---twenty-first,onehundredandone---onehundredandfirst注意:序数词前常用定冠词,有时还可以用不定冠词a/an则表示“又一”的意思。例如:MrBrownhasasecondcar.布朗先生另外还有一辆车。6\nHehastriedasecondtime.他又尝试了一次。三、数词的应用1.时刻的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。①“几点钟”用基数词加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如:5点钟—five(o'clock).②“几点过几分”,≤30分钟”用介词past。如:7:05—fivepastseven;7:15—fifteen(aquarter)pastseven;7:30—halfpastseven。③“差几分几点”用介词“to”。如:7:40—twentytoeight;7:45—fifteen(aquartertoeight。④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。如:7:05—sevenofive;7:15—sevenfifteen。2.年月日的表示:①年份用基数词,如:1999年—nineteenninety-nine;1900年—nineteenhundred;2000—twothousand;1905—nineteenofive;②年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1998年6月8日写作:June8,1998;读作:Junetheeighth,nineteenninety-eight或theeighthofJune,nineteenninety-eight。3.世纪、年代表示法:(在)90年代(in)thenineties(在)19世纪(in)thenineteenthcentury(在)18世纪30年代(in)1730s或1730’s4.编号的表示:①LessonOne=thefirstlesson第一课;②BusNo.3=theNo.3bus3路公共汽车;③表示住所时不用“No.”如:302房间—Room302(读作:roomthreeotwo);④如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page457第457页;⑤电话号码,用基数词,如:3855633—threeeightfivefive(doublefive)sixthreethree(doublethree)。5.分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”。如:1/3onethird,2/3twothirds;另外:1/2a(one)half;1/4onefourth或a(one)quarter;3/4threefourths或threequarters。halfasecond;aquarterofasecond四分之一秒6.表示有小数的词用基数词。                     6\n  5.5fivepointfive                    12.135twelvepointonethreefive7.表示百分数5℅:fivepercent(percent),0.8℅zeropointeightpercent(percent).8.表示有小数的词用基数词。                       5.5fivepointfive                      12.135twelvepointonethreefive                  9.其他用法:1)基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩afive-year-oldboy;一座800米长的桥an800-metre-longbridge;女子400米接力girls'400-metrerelayrace。2)具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long/high/tall/deep/away等。如:长江长6300公里。TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.3)表示"几十岁"用序数词,eg.在他三十几岁时inhisthirties4)倍数的表达:(一倍用once,两倍用twice,两倍以上用基数词+times。如:5倍fivetimes)。例如:HeisastallaboyasI.HeisaheadtallerthanI.HeistwoyearsolderthanIChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.Iamtwiceasoldasyou.(=Iamtwiceolderthanyou./Iamtwicetheageofyou.)Mybooksaretwiceasmanyasyours.ChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.(=ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.)Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!1._______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympic.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof2.Bothoftherulesarebroken.Iwanttobuya______one.A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./3).---Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?---_________.A.Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Three-fourths6\n4).Pleasewritedownthenewwordsinthetextof_______.A.LessonElevenB.theLessonElevenC.LessonEleventh解析:1.基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion等前有具体数字时,它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of(几百,成百上千),thousandsof(几千,数千个),millionsof,billionsof前不可用数词修饰。但可用many,some,several等修饰。故选答案D.2.答案:B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。3.答案:C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时,分母用序数词,分子用基数词,当分子大于1时,表示分母的序数词后要加s.4.答案:A。此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下,名词编号有这几种表示法:1。事物名词+基数词,且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如:LessonEleven;2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如:No.6MiddleSchool练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!选择填空:1._______ofpeopleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileverday.A.ManymillionB.SeveralmillionC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillions2.About_______ofthesurfaceoftheearth_______coveredwithwater.A.threequarter,isB.threequarters,hasC.threequarters,isD.threequarter,are3.Itwilltake_______timetofinishthework.A.oneandahalfyears’B.ayearandhalfC.oneandahalfyear’sD.ayearandhalf’s4.---Howlongwillyourstayhere?、---For________.A.oneandtwoday’sB.oneandtwodayC.adayortwoD.oneortwoday5.WhenhemovedtoGermanyin______,hewasalreadyin_______.A.thefifties;hissixtiesB.fifties;hissixtiesC.thefifties;hissixtyD.fifty;sixty6.Mybrotherlivesin______on______floor.A.sixRoom;secondB.Roomsix;thesecondC.Roomsix;twofloorD.theroomsix;thesecond7.Decemberis_______monthoftheyear.A.twelveB.twelfthC.thetwelfthD.thetwelve6\n8.Thistookplaceinthe______.A.1940B.1940sC.1940esD.1940th9.Itisonly_____frommyhometothetrainstation.A.tenminuteswalkB.ten-minuteswalkC.tenminutes‘swalkD.tenminutes’walk10.Thereare______inthisbuilding,Iliveon______.A.ninefloors,theninthfloorB.ninefloor,theninthfloorC.ninefloor,ninefloorsD.ninthfloor,theninthfloor11.ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDams(三峡大坝)shouldbe______higherthandownstream(下游)。A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifthmeters12.Thereare_______daysinayear.A.threehundredsixty-fiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty–fiveD.twohundredsandsixty-five13.---Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?---__________.,butI'mnotsure.A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred14.Thereare_________doctorsandnursesworkinghardinthathospital.A.thousandB.twothousandC.twothousandsD.twothousandsof15.---What'sonefourthandahalf,doyouknow?---Yes,it's_________.A.twosixthsB.threefourthsC.onethreeD.threesixth16.Nowchildren,turntopage________andlookatthe_______pictureinLessonTwo.A.twentieth,oneB.twenty,oneC.twentieth,firstD.twenty,first17.Bothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuya_______one.A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./18.Decemberisthe__________monthinyear.A.twentyB.twelveC.twentiethD.twelfth19.---Whatisthedatetoday?---It's_________.A.ThursdayB.JunethesixteenthC.thebestdayD.Junefifteen6\n20.SheknowsalotaboutChinaasshehasbeentoChina________.A.fortheforthtimeB.fourtimesC.afourthtimeD.forfourtimes1-5CCACA6-10BCBD11-15CCCDA16–20DBDBB6

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