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  • 2022-09-06 发布

初中英语强调句型详解及练习

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强调句所谓强调,就是通过某种手段把句子的一部分甚至整个句子所表达的信息加以突出、强调。表示强调的手段很多:1.用“it引导"的强调句,又叫做分裂句(cleftsentence)o2.用wha(引导一个假似分裂句,用以加强语气。3.用do加强语气。4.变换副词的位置以加强副词本身的语气。5.用as/though加强语气。6.把宾语、表语或状语放在句首,加强语气。7.把现在分词、过去分词或不定式放在句首,加强语气。&将要加强语气的词重复使用。9.用-self代词加强语气。10.用“附加短语”加强语气。11.形容词前加very等。12•比较级前加alot等。13.最高级前加byfar等。14.否定意味的强调。15.加入短语,加强语气。常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子:Itis(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。例如:原句:Myfatherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.强调主语:Itwasmyfatherwhodidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.强调宾语:Itwastheexperimentthatmyfatherdidinthelabyesterdayevening.强调时间:Itwasyesterdayeveningthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentinthelab.(注意不用when)\n强调地点:Itwasinthelabthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentyesterdayevening.\n1.强调结构的陈述式强调结构的陈述式为“Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)…”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等,但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是:当被强调的指人时,用that或who均可;当被强调的不是指人时,则只能用that(注意不用which)。女n:Itwasintheofficethathewaskilled.他是办公室被杀害的。(强调intheoffice)Itisthechildrenwhobrokethewindow.是孩子们打破窗户的。(强调thechildren)ItwastoyouandnotanyoneelsethatIlentthemoney.我只借钱给你,不借给其他人。(强调toyouandnotanyone)Itisonlywhenyouhaveyourownchildrenthatyourealizethetroublesofparenthood.当你有了自己的孩子,才能真切地了解到双亲的辛苦。(强调onlywhenyouhaveyourownchildren)2.一般疑问句的强调结构一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首,即使用“Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who...”。如:IsitTommywhoansweredthetelephone?是汤米接的电话吗?Isitfromadvertisingthatanewspaperearnsalotofitsprofits?报纸获利最多的部分是在于广告收入吗?3.特殊疑问句的强调结构特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词(Who/What/When/Where/Why/How)+is/wasitthat..."这样的形式。如I:Whenwasitthathegotmarried?他是什么时候结婚的?Howlongagoisitthatyoulastsawher?你上一次看见她是多久以前的事?WhowasitthatwontheWorldCupin1982?谁赢得了1982年的世界杯?WhyisitthatIalwayslandupcleaningthebath?为什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸?InwhichplayofShakespeare'sisitthatViolaappears?维欧拉是在莎士比亚那个剧里出现的吗?\n强调句的结构是61tis/was+强调部分+that/who■从句”,it在句中作先行词,被强调的部分通常是主语、宾语和状语。这是it的主要用法和考点一.在强调句中,被强调的是状语或状语从句吋,要用that引导从句,而不能用which引导,而且通常不能省略。强调状语(从句)是历年高考中最主要的考点。例如(MET95):Itwasnotuntil1920regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since答案是C。不能选B,因为该句屮被强调的部分是时间状语从句。二.被强调的是非人称主语或宾语吋,现代英语既可用that引导,也可用which引导。例如(NMET2000):Itistheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it答案是B,其中that也可换成whicho又如:Itisthesunthat/whichgivesuslightandheat.是太阳给了我们光和热。三.被强调者为人时,引导词用who或thato例如(上海高考题95):WasthatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself答案是A。句中的引导词that可换用who。有时强调句以倒装(疑问句)形式出现,此时可用“还原法"加以辨别。必须注意的是,当被强调的是主语吋,代词要用主格形式。例如:ItwasIwhodiscoveredthesecretfirst.是我最先发现这个秘密的。四.对not...until时间状语从句进行强调时,其句型是:Itis/wasnotuntil...that-从句,即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。例如(MET92):ItwasnotshetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then答案是B。注意习惯上不用nottill,而且从句不能用when引导。五.强调句和修饰时间及地点的定语从句的区别。比较下面两例:Wasitin1969theAmericanastronautsucceededlandingonthemoon?A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in(上海高考题94)\nItwasDecember26,1893MaoZedongwasborninthecommonvillage.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.inwhich答案分别是D和A。前一句是强调句,因为被强调的部分in1969是that从句中一个完整的句子成分,改为非强调句后的句子是:TheAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoonin1969。而后一句的December26,1893不能成为从句的一个完整成分,所以不是强调句,而是定语从句,December26,1893是先行词。在强调句中,it是先行词;在第二句中,it作主语,指时间。一.被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词,主句的be动词都用单数,即is或waso例如:ItMadameCurieandhishusbandPierrewhodiscoveredradium.A.isB.wasC.areD.were答案是B。由于所叙述的是过去的事,不能用is。♦典型迷惑题分析♦1・thatcausedhimtoservedinneranhourlaterthanusual.A.ItwaswebeinglateB.ItwasourbeinglateC.ItwasweweretoolateD.Itwasbecausewewerelate【迷惑】此题容易误选D,认为强调的是原因状语从句becausewewerelateo【分析】但实际上,此题的答案为B,强调的是句子主语ourbeinglate,此题若还原成非强调句,即为:Ourbeinglatecausedhimtoservedirineranhourlaterthanusual.注意,强调句的一个显著特点是,若去掉强调结构itis[was]...that...,句子仍然成立;换句话说,该结构屮的that不能充当句子成分。2.“Howwastheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace?^^“Totallybychanee."A.itthatB.hethatC.itwhenD.hewhich【迷惑】几个干扰项均可能误选。【分析】答案选A,为强调句的特殊疑问句形式,其相应的陈述句形式为:Itwastotallybychancethattheydiscoveredtheentraneetotheundergroundpalace.比较以下各题,它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式:(1)Whowasitsavedthedrowninggirl?\nA.sinceB.asC.thatD.he答案选C,被强调成分为who,该句实为类似ItwasTomthatsavedthedrowninggirl.这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的Tom提问而得)。(2)Whatisithisdaughterneedsmost?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if答案选C,被强调成分为what,该句实为类似Itisabikethathisdaughterneedsmost.这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的abike提问而得)。2.wasverythatlittleJimwrotetheletter.A.It,carefulB.It,carefullyC.He,carefulD.He,carefully【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选,但最有可能误选的可能是A,认为这是一个普通的系表结构,即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。【分析】其实,此题是一个强调句,其非强调形式为LittleJimwrotetheletterverycarefully.若用itis...that...的强调句式强调其屮的状语verycarefully即为上面一题的题干,所以答案应选B。请看下面几例,也属强调结构:(1)Itwaswhenshewasabouttogotobedthetelephonerang.A.sinceB.asC.thatD.then答案选C,被强调成分为whenshewasabouttogotobed这一时间状语从句。(2)ItmayhavebeenatChristmasJohngaveMaryahandbag・A.beforeB.whoC.thatD.when答案选C,被强调成分为atChristmas,其中的动词be采用了mayhavebeen这一较为复杂的形式。3.“Wheredidyoufindtheprofessorwhomadethespeechyesterday?,^“Itwasinthehallthestudentsoftenhaveameeting."A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when【陷阱】很可能误选C,认为这是一个强调句,强调地点状语inthehallo【分析】假若选C,即有Itwasinthehallthatthestudentsoftenhaveameeting,该句的意思是\n“学生们通常是在大厅开会二单独看这一句,无论是其意思还是其语法均未错,但若将其与上文联系起来看,则不通,因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到咋天作报告的那位教授的厂假若将答句改为ItwasinthehallthatIfoundtheprofessor,则完全可以。其实,此题的最佳答案是A,wherethestudentsoftenhaveameeting为定语从句,用以修饰其前的名词thehall,句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的广,这样语意就通顺了。2.Itwaswhathemeantratherthanwhathesaidannoyedme.A.whichB.asC.whatD.that【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题为一个强调句型,空格处应填that(BP选D),被强调成分为whathemeantratherthanwhathesaido句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话,而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例:(1)Itwashisnervousnessintheinterviewprobablylosthimthejob.A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.what答案选C,为强调句型,被强调成分为hisnervousnessintheinterview,句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张,使他失去了这份工作"。(2)Itistheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it答案选B,为强调句型,被强调成分为theabilitytodothejob,句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力,而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的二3.Itwasinthesmallhousewasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfatherhespenthischildhood・A.which,thatB.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,where【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选,主要是分不清为强调句型,或即使分清为强调句型,也分不清强调哪一个成分。【分析】答案选A,第一空填which,用以引导定语从句;第二空填that,为强调句的结构词,被强调部分为inthesmallhouse(以及修饰它的定语从句whichwasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather)o\n此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子:(1)Itwastheboyhadbeeninprisonstolethemoney.A.who,whereB.that,howC.who,thatD.that,which此题答案选C,全句为强调句,被强调成分是theboy(以及修饰它的定语从句whohadbeeninprison)o(2)Itwasjustintheroomhewasbomhedied・A.where,whichB.that,thatC.where,thatD.which,that此题答案选C,全句为强调句,被强调成分是inthisroom,wherehewasborn为修饰theroom的定语从句。2.Wasitfiveo'clockthefirebrokeout?A.whenB.thatC.whichD.inwhich【迷惑】容易误选B,误认为这是强调句。【分析】其实,此题应选A,这不是强调句。因为在强调句中,若去掉强调句的结构词itis[was]...that...,句子结构仍然完整,但此句不是这样,若去掉结构词,即为Fiveo'clockthefirebrokeout,句子不完整,但若在fiveo’clock前加上介词at则可以,因为atfiveo'clock用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为:it表时间,whenthefirebrokeout为时间状语从句,全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗?,,比较下面一题(答案选B,为强调句):Wasitatfiveo'clockthefirebrokeout?A.whenB.thatC.whichD.inwhich3.“Wasitunderthetreeyouwereawaytalkingtoafriend?"“Sure・ButwhenIgotbackthere,thebikewasgone・A.thatB.whereC.whichD.while【迷惑】此题很容易误选A,认为这是强调句型。\n【分析】其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中,it是代词,指代thebike,句意为:“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候,你的自行车是在这树下吗?当然,但当我回来时,自行车就不见了「现在反过来分析一下,假若选A,将此句判为强调句,句子即为Wasitunderthetreethatyouwereawaytalkingtoafriend?若进一步转换为非强调句,句子则为Underthetreewhileyouweretalkingtoafriend,句意显然很荒唐。2.IfsmorethanhalfacenturymygrandfatherjoinedthePartyandbecameaservanttothepeople.\nA.whenB.thatC.sinceD.while【迷惑】容易误选B,认为这是强调句型。【分析】假若选B,将此句分析为强调句,那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是MygrandfatherjoinedthePartyandbecameaservanttothepeoplemorethanhalfacentury.彳艮显然,句中的morethanhalfacentury是一段时间,然而它修饰的谓语动词joined...became却是两个终止性动词,这显然不合适。其实,此题应选C,属于“ltis+—段时间+since从句”句型,句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了二此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成吋态(hasbeen),但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。2.Itwaslackofmoney,notofeffort,defeatedtheirplan.A.whichB.asC.thatD.what【迷惑】容易误选A,受空格前逗号的影响,误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句,从而误选了A。【分析】其实,此题最佳答案为C,整个句子为强调句,被强调成分为lackofmoney,notofeffort0由于句中插入notofeffort这一结构,干扰了许多同学对itwaslackofmoneythatdefeatedtheirplan这一强调句的认识和理解。♦精编迷惑题训练♦1.—Whoaremakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden?―thechildren.A.ItisB.TheyareC.ThatisD.Thereare2.Itisheoftenfailsinexamsmakeshisparentsworriedabouthim.A.what;thatB.that;whatC.that;thatD./;that3.Itistheprotectionforthetreesreallymatters,ratherthanhowmanytreesareplanted.A.whatB.thatC.不填D.which4.ItismyfatherworkedIworknow.\nA.where,thatB.where,whenC.that,whereD.that,that1.WasthatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou2.Itwasteno'clockhecamebackhome.A.whenB.thatC.sinceD.after3.Itwasnotuntilhecamebackheknewthepolicewerelookingforhim.A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.before【答案与解析】1•选A。为强调句型Itisthechildrenwhoaremakingsomuchnoise之省略。2.选C。为强调句型,被强调成分为主语从句thatheoftenfailsinexamso3.选B。为强调句型,句意为“真止重要的在于保护树,而不在于种多少树雹4.选A,整个句子为itwas...that...格式的强调句式,即第二空要填that;第一空填where,wheremyfatherworked为地点状语从句,为强调句的被强调部分。句意为“我现在我父亲曾经工作过的地方工作二5.选A,为强调句的一般疑问句形式,其相应陈述句为ItwasyouthatIsaw...06.选A。when表示“当……的时候”,句首的it表示时间,全句意为“当他回到家时,时间是10点钟。”7.选C。为Hedidn'tknowthepolicewerelookingforhimuntilhecameback之强调形式。注意,not...until...的强调句式通常为Itwasnotuntil...that...Itis/was+…who/that强调句型使用频率很高,高考也很注重对它的考查,然而该句型结构复杂,变化多样,在实际使用过程中颇有难度。笔者认为使用强调句型时应注意下列十要素(本文前五个要素合并举例说明,后五个要素分别举例说明)一、如果强调句型指现在或未来情况用Itis,指过去情况用Itwaso二、被强调部分往往是句子的主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语,但有时也可强调比较复杂的内容,如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、notuntil…、notonly...butalso…、…aswellas.••等结构。\n三、被强调部分是人称代词时,原句用什么格,强调句也用什么格。四、被强调部分如果是主格人称代词时,who/that后的动词应和该主格人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。五、关于强调词的选用,强调人吋可用who或that;如果不强调人一律用thato此时绝不能和定语从句混淆,被强调部分为时间状语、地点状语或者原因状语时不能误用when、where或why。例1:Itwashimwho/thatIsawthedaybeforeyesterday.析:该句原句为:Isawhimthedaybeforeyesterday.该句指过去情况,所以强调句型应使用Itwas开头;被强调部分为原句宾语•宾格人称代词him,所以强调句型仍用him作被强调部分;被强调部分指人,所以用who或thato例2:ItwasinthestreetthatImethimyesterday・析:该句原句为:Imethiminthestreetyesterday.该句仍指过去情况,所以强调句型仍以Itwas开头,被强调部分虽为地点状语,但不能用where,只能用thato例3:Itwasbecausehewasseriouslyillthathedied.析:该句原句为:Hediedbecausehewasseriouslyill.被强调部分为结构复杂的原因状语从句,但不能用why,只能用thato六、强调句型的一般疑问句结构为:ls/Wasit.・.who/that・・・?例4:WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied?析:该句虽不以Itwas开头,而以Wasit开头,是强调句型的一般疑问句形式。所以当被强调部分为时间状语吋,应用thato七、强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为:特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat...?(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调特殊疑问词)例5:Wherewasitthatyoufoundyourlostpen?析:该句虽以Where开头,但后边的wasit仍说明该句使用的是强调句型,被强调部分为特殊疑问词where,表地点,所以应使用thato八、强调句型中的is/was前面可用must/may/might等表推测的情态动词。仮|J6:Itmightbeinthisroomthathemether.析:该句Itwas的was前而虽用might,但该句仍然是强调句。九、被强调部分为时间状语和地点状语时,有可能先接定语从句,再接强调句型,应多加思考,不能混用。例7:ItwasonOctober1st,1949whenhejoinedthePartythathewaskilled.析:该句的中心不是说明1949年10月1日他入党,而是说1949年10月1日他被杀害,hejoinedthe\nParty是定语从句,所以,首先是when引导的定语从句,然后是that强调句。十、判断强调句型的使用是否正确的方法是将强调结构去掉,如果去掉强调结构后的句子仍然正确,强调句型就正确,否则就不正确。例8:ItwassixyearsagothathewenttoTokyo.析:该句强调句型使用止确,因为去掉强调结构后,该句仍然是一止确句子。即:SixyearsagohewenttoTokyo.Itis...that英语句型系列补充强化训练1.-Wherewasyoupickedupthewallet?-Justneartheschoolgate.A.itB.itthatC.theplaceD.theplacethat2.Imustfindoutwhysomanystudentsmadethesamemistake・A.isitthatB.wasitwhichC.itiswhatD.itwasthat3.Howmanyyearsisityoursistercametoworkhere?A.afterB・sinceC.beforeD.until4.Isitinthefactoryyouvisitedlastweekthiskindofcarismade?A./thatB.wherewhenC.wherethatD./when5.IfsalongtimeIsawyoulast.-Yesandwhatapitysinceitwillbealongtimeweseeeachotheragain.A.sincebeforeB.beforesinceC.untilafterD.afteruntil6.Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that7.Itwashisremarksleftmewonderingabouthisrealpurpose.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that2.-Wasitin1969theAmericanastronautsucceededlandingonthemoon?—Quiteright.A.whenonB.thatonC.wheninD.thatin9.Itwasnotuntil1920regularradiobroadcastsbegan.NMET95\nA.whileB.whichC.thatD.since10.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage・NMET95A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It11・wasin1979Igraduatedfromtheuniversity.NMET98上海A.ThatthatB.ItthatC.ThatwhenD.Itwhen9.ItwasforthisreasonherunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.NMT2001春,上海A.whichB.whyC.thatD.how10.Itistheprotectionforthetreesreallymattersratherthanhowmanytreesareplanted.A.whatB.thatC./D.which11.-Wasthatthenewcomerwhowalkedby?・A.ItmustbethatB.ItmusthavebeenC.HemustbeD.Thismusthavebeen12.Ourclassroomisveryclean.Doyounowhocleanedit?A.wasitthatB.itwasthatC.wasitwhoD.hewas13.Nowthenchildren.It'shightimeyouanddressed.A.washedB.shouldwashC.werewashedD.arewashed14.thepeoplehavebecomethemasteroftheirowncountrysciencecanreallyservethepeople.A.Itisonlythen;thatB.Itwasthat;whenC.Itisonlywhen;thatD.Itwaswhen;then15.ItwasImetMr.GreeninShanghai.A.tenyearssinceB.manyyearsagothatC.fiveyearsuntilD.Twomonthswhenkey:BDBAADDDCDBCBBBCCB强调结构(Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...)由于其实用性强、易与其它句型结合、创新力度\n大而受到命题者的青睐。本文结合高考试题,对强调结构的易考点进行归纳,希望能帮助同学们攻克这一语法现象。一、考查强调结构的基木形式强调结构的基本形式是"Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who../,可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语等,一般不能强调谓语动词。[原题再现]Itistheabilitytodothejobmatters,notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it答案:B二、考查一般疑问句的强调结构一般疑问句的强调结构句型为:ls/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who...?[原题再现]WasthatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.yourself答案:A三、考查特殊疑问句的强调结构特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为:特殊疑问词(Who/What/When/Where/Why/How...)+is/wasitthat...?例如:WhywasitthatLiLeicamelateagain?这类强调结构置于从句屮时应使用陈述语序:Thequestioniswhoitisthatwecantrust.[原题再现]Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraight-forward,anditdoesn'tmatterI'mtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC・itiswhoD.itiswhom答案:B四、考查对not...until...句式的强调对not...until...句式的强调有固定的句型,即Itis/wasnotuntil…that…。\n[原题再现]ItwasnotshetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then答案:B五、考查强调句型的反意疑问句及回答强调句型的反意疑问句及回答应与Itis/was...that…结构保持一致。[原题再现]-Wasn'titDr.Wangwhospoketoyoujustnow?A.Ididn'tknowhewasB.Yes,itwasC.No,hewasn'tD.Yes,hedid答案:B六、考查强调结构与其它相似结构的区别强调结构与其它含有it的结构非常相似,很容易混淆。区别的办法是去掉Itis/was...that...结构后,句子依然成立的是强调结构。[原题再现]ItwaseveningwereachedthelittletownofWinChester.A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before答案:D一、强调结构的形式为“Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who,whom)+其它成分”。在这个句型中,It本身没有词义,它只帮助改变句子结构,使某一部分受到强调。女口:Isawhimintheparkyesterday.ItwasIthat/whosawhimintheparkyesterday.昨天是我在公园看见他的。Itwashimthat/whomIsawintheparkyesterday.昨天我在公园看见的人是他。ItwasintheparkthatIsawhimyesterday.昨天我是在公园看见他的。ItwasyesterdaythatIsawhiminthepark.我是昨天在公园看见他的。二、使用此句型时应注意以下几点1.原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来吋、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时,用\nItwas…that…。属于表现在的时态时,用Itis...that...<>如:Itisthecomputerthatisdoingmanyjobs.是计算机做了许多工作。WhenwasitthattheLongMarchstarted?长征是在何时开始的?1.被强调部分无论是单数还是复数,It后的动词均用单数形式,即is或waso女口:Itistheywhohavefinishedcleaningtheclassroom.打扫完教室的人是他们。2.被强调部分指人时,Itis(was)…后用who,whom或that均可;指事物或情况时,通常用that(一般不用when,where,which等)。如:Itwasyesterdaythathesawmeinthepark.(不可用when)Itisherwhomyoushouldask.(还可用who/that)Itwasinthestreetthattheyquarreled.(不可用where)3.被强调部分如果是原句的主语,who/that后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一致。如:Itwastheythatweretalkingandlaughing.是他们又说又笑的啊。4.强调双宾语时,无论是强调直接宾语还是间接宾语,要根据适当情况加上介词to或for等。如:ItwasanewdictionarythatTomgavetomelastnight.(=Tomgavemeanewdictionarylastnight.)汤姆昨晚给我的是一本新词典。ItwasaredshirtthatJohnboughtformeasabirthdaypresent.(=Johnboughtmearedshirtasabirthdaypresent.)作为生日礼物约翰送我的是一件红衬衫。5.对not...until...句型强调时,要把not连同until短语或从句一起提前。如:ItwasnotuntilIspoketohimthathenoticedme.(=Hedidn'tnoticemeuntilIspoketohim.)直到我跟他说话他才注意到我。6.强调特殊疑问句的疑问词时,要将疑问词置于句首,句子结构仍是疑问句形式。女口:Wherewasitthatyouputthebook?(=Wheredidyouputthebook?)你把书放在哪里了?Whowasitthatcalledmethismorning?(=Whocalledmethismorning?)今天早上是谁打电话给我的?8•此结构还可以强调目的状语、方式状语和以because引导的原因状语从句。但不能强调由since或as引导的原因状语从句,也不能强调由although和whereas引导的句子。如:Itwasbecausehewasillthatwedecidedtoreturnhome.那是因为他生病了,所以我们才决定回家的。\nWasitinBeijingyoufirstmethim?(=WasitinBeijingthatyoufirstmethim?)你第——次见至他时是在北京吗?Whatisityouwantmetodo?(=Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?)你究竟要我做什么?三、使用强调句型时要分清以下两种情况1.要分清是主语从句还是强调结构。判断这种句型是主语从句还是强调结构,方法是将Itis(was)...that去掉,去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话为强调结构,反之则是主语从句。试比较:Itwasyesterdaythathemetherinthestreet.(=Yesterdayhemetherinthestreet.)是昨天他在街上碰见了她。(强调结构)Itwassaidthathemetherinthestreetyesterday・(=Thathemetherinthestreetyesterdaywassaid.)据说他昨天在街上碰见了她。(主语从句)Itisclearlythatshespeaks.(=Shespeaksclearly.)她说话吐字清楚。(强调结构)Itisclearthatshehasheardofit.(=Thatshehasheardofitisclear.)显然她已听说了这件事。(主语从句)2.要分清是强调结构中的that-(who-)分句还是用作关系代词的定语从句中的that-(who-)分句。判断的方法还是将Itis(was)...that去掉,去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话是强调结构中的that・(who-)分句,反之则是用作关系代词的定语从句中的that-(who-)分句。如J:Itismoneythatismostneeded・(=Moneyismostneeded.)(强调结构中的that)Itisthemoneythathereturnedme.(定语从句中的that)强调句是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的--种形式,下面简单归纳它的几种结构:1.用助动词“do(does/did)+动词原形”来表示强调:Hedoesknowtheplacewell.他的确很熟悉这个地方。Dowritetomewhenyougetthere.你到那儿后务必给我来信。2.用形容词very,only,single,such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气:That'stheverytextbookweusedlastterm.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。YouaretheonlypersonherewhocanspeakChinese・你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。\nNotasinglepersonhasbeenintheshopthismorning.今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。Howdareyoubuysuchexpensivejewels?你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢?1.用ever,never,very,just等副词和badly,highly,really等带有一ly的副词来进行强调:Whyeverdidyoudoso?你究竞为什么要这么做?Heneversaidawordthewholeday.一整天,他一句话也没说。You'vegottobevery,verycareful.你一定得非常、非常小心。ThisisjustwhatIwanted.这正是我所要的。Hewasbadlywounded.他伤得很严重。Ireallydon'tknowwhattodonext.我的确不矢口道下一步该怎么做。2.用intheworld,onearth,atall等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句):Whereintheworldcouldhebe?他到底会在哪儿?Whatonearthisit?它究竟是什么?Doyouknowatall?你到底知不知道?3.用感叹句来表示强烈的感情,突出说话人的情感:Howinterestingastoryitis!这是一个多么有趣的故事啊!Oh,whatalie!啊,真是弥天大谎!4.用重复来表示强调:Why!why!Thecageisempty!啊!啊!箱子是空的。Theywalkedformilesandmiles.他们走了好多英里。5.用倒装句(也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首)来加强语气:Onthetableweresomeflowers.桌上摆着一些花。(强调地点)ManyatimehaveIclimbedthathill.我多次翻过那座山。Onlyinthisway,canwesolvethisproblem・只有这样,我们才能解决这个问题。6.用强调句型:"Itis(was)+被强调的部分+that(who)+原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿:ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.所有这一切发生在周一晚上。It'smethatheblamed・他怪的是我。\n1.用If来表不强调:1)If从句+1don'tknowwho/what,etc.does/is/has,etc.;主语部分也可以用nobodydoes/is/has,etc.或everybodydoes/is/has,etc.来代替(这里的if从句往往是正话反说,反话正说):Ifhecan'tdoit,Idon'tknowwhocan.要是他做不了这件事,我不知道还有谁能做。(强调只有他能做)IfJimisacoward,everybodyis・要是吉姆是个胆小鬼,那么人人都是胆小鬼。(强调吉姆不是胆小鬼)2)if从句+itbe主句(此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形,即把所要强调的内容放在itbe的后面,把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中):Ifanyoneknewthetruth,itwasTom•如果说谁了解事实的真相,那便是汤姆。Ifthereisonethingheloves,itismoney・如果说世界上还有他爱的东西,那便是金钱。2.用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调,加强语气:It'sbecauseofhardwork—tenyearsofhardwork.那是因为艰苦的工作-十年艰苦的工作!HebegantheworkinlateMay.他在五月底开始的这项工作。(强调时间)1.wasJanethatIsawinthelibrarythismorning.A.ItB.HeC.SheD.That2.whenwasityoucalledmeyesterday?A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so3.ItwasonOctober1stnewChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.that4.Wasitbecausehewasillheaskedforleave?A.andB.thatC.thafsD.so5.Itisimaginationmakestheworldcolorful,fullofvigorandvitality.[2007上海春]A.whereB.whatC・thatD.when6.ItwehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeksIfoundwehadalotincommon.[2007浙江卷]A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn'tuntil;whenD.wasn'tuntil;that\n1.Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisrightisofimportanee.[2007重庆卷]A.whichB.itC.thatD.this8」twason12May,2008theearthquakeofWenchuancounty,Sichuanprovimcehappened.A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.when.9」twasAliceandherhusbandwhosavedtheoldman,?A.wasn'titB.wasitC.didn'ttheyD.didthey10.Whenaskedtoexplainmadehislessonssoexciting,theteachekeptsilent.A.whatitisthatB.thatwhatitisC.whatisitthatD.thatwhatisitKeys1-5ABDBC6-10.DCCAA1.Whowasitputsomanylargestonesontheroad?A.thisB.thatC.heD.she2.Whatasillymistakeitisyou'vemade!A.itB.thisC.thatD.which3.Itwasnotuntilmidnightthenoiseofthestreetstopped・A.thatB.thisC.sinceD.atwhich4.WasthatImetattherailwaystationtheotherday?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou5.Itwaswhenshewasabouttogotobedthetelephonerang.A.sinceB.asC.thatD.then6.ItmayhavebeenatChristmasJohngaveMaryahandbag.A.beforeB.whoC.thatD.when7.Whywasthattheoldwomanwassenttoprison?\nA.heB.itC.thatD.because1.Itwashisnervousnessintheinterviewprobablylosthimthejob.A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.what2.Itwastheboyhadbeeninprisonstolethemoney.A.who,whereB.that,howC.who,thatD.that,which3.ItmightbeI,whocausedtheaccident,whotoanswerforit.A.has,isB.have,areC.has,amD.have,am4.ItwasIreachedthereIbegantoknowsomethingaboutthematter.A.until,whenB.until,thatC.notuntil,thatD.notwhen,that5.ItwasmyfatherworkedIworknow.A.where,thatB.where,whenC.that,whereD.that,that6.Itwasnotuntilhecamebackheknewthepolicewerelookingforhim.A.whichB.sinceC.thatD.before7.IfsmorethanhalfacenturythePeople'sRepublicofChinawasliberated.A.whenB.thatC.sinceD.after8.ItwasnotyouhadexplainedhowImanagedtodoit.A.for,thatB.until,thatC.for,whenD.until,when【参考答案】I—5BCAAC6—10CBCCDII—15CACCB

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