初中英语基本句型及巩固练习 30页

英语基本句型析与练雍雪莲\n英语基本句型-1主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;8/5/20212\nOurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.Thecaketastesdelicious.Wefeelusedtolivinginbigcities.Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.Theirbossseemssatisfiedwiththework.Deepwaterstaysstill.Examples:\n巩固练习：1．冬季白天短，夜晚长2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3．孩子们很少保持安静。4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.Childrenseldomkeepquiet.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.\n5．他失业了。6．树叶已经变黄了7．这个报告听起来很有意思Heisoutofwork.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Thereportsoundsinteresting\n1.AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea.主系表句型的几个特例：2.Wearegreatlysurprisedtomeethimthere.3.Itisnotagoodideatospendyourvacationwithstrangers.4.Itiskindofyoutosayso.5.Itisnoteasyforthemtogotherebybike.6.IsitTomwhoisplayingthepiano?7.Itisafactthattheycan’tpasstheexam.\n英语基本句型-2主谓结构本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.\n巩固练习：1．她昨天回家很晚。2．会议将持续两个小时。3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化.4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.\n5．每天八时开始上课。6．这个重五公斤。7．五年前我住在北京。8．秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。Classesbeginateighteveryday.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.\nEveryafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.9．我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。Mygrandfathergetsupearlyinthemorning.\nTranslatethefollowingsentences:11.会议有可能开两个半小时.Themeetingwilllasttwoandahalfhours.14.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.Thechancewhichshewantedtogetforalongtimecameatlast.15他把书放在书包里,而书包却找不到了.Heputthebooksintheschoolbag,buttheschoolbagdisappeared.16.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.Thesleepingbabysmiles.\n17.他通过乞讨为生..18.这里有些动物已经灭绝了.19.可怜的TOM穿得破破烂烂.HelivesbybeggingSomeanimalsherehavediedout.ThepoorTomdressedpoorly.\n20.他一直走到山边.21.这支笔很好写。22.这些苹果很好卖.23.这种布很易洗.Hewalkedasfarasthehillside.Thepenwritessmoothly.Theseapplessellwell.Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.\n英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Idon’tknowifhecancometomorrow.3.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.5.Ittookthemtenyearstobuildthedam.7.Motherpromisestogivemeapresent.\n巩固练习：1．昨晚我写了一封信。Iwrotealetterlastnight.2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3．这本书他读过多次了。Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4．他们成功地完成了计划。Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.\n6．我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.7．Jim还不会自己穿衣服。Jimcannotdresshimself.8．我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.\n9.他不知道说什麽好。Hedidnotknowwhattosay.10.我开窗户你在意吗？Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?\n英语基本句型--4双宾语结构说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。\n巩固练习：1．Johnson先生去年教我们德语。MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?\n4．他把车票给列车员看。Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ShallIcallyouataxi?\n6．新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7．他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour.Heboughtanewcoatforhismotherwithhisfirstmonth’ssalary.\n英语基本句型--5复合宾语结构说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.\n巩固练习：1．我们叫她Alice.2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3．他们把小偷释放了。4．我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。8．我们不会让她在晚上外出的。WecallherAlice.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Theyhavesetthethieffree.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.\n9．那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了10．她正在听人家讲故事。11．我从来没看见这个字这样用过。12．他感到很难跟你交谈。13．我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14．学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.\n英语基本句型--6Therebe句型说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.\nBe与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有thereis/are…过去有therewas/were…将来有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...现在已经有therehas/havebeen…可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...过去曾经有thereusedtobe…似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…\n巩固练习：1．这个村子过去只有一口井。2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3．天气预报说下午有大风。Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.\n6．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。7．战前这儿一直有家电影院的.8．恰好那时房里没人。Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffice.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.\n9．从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。10．公共汽车来了。11．就只剩下二十八美元了。13．铃响了。Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.Therecomesthebus.Thereremainedonlytwenty–eightdollars.Theregoesthebell.\nByebye