初中非谓语动词难点解析及练习 5页

非谓语动词难点解析1.使役动词①用不带to的动词不定式做宾补makehavesb.dosth.“使/让某人做某事”let例：Hemademelaugh他让我发笑。Pleasehavehimcomehere.请叫他到这里来。Don’tlethimdoallthesethingsalone.别让他一个人做这些事情。注：这种用法中，当使役动词为被动语态时，省略了to要还原，例：Healwaysmakeshissistercry,buttodayhewasmadetocrybyhissister.Thestudentsareoftenmade______________(take)differentextraclassesafterschool.Hewasoftenheard_________________(sing)Englishsongs.②用过去分词做宾补makehavesb/sth.done使某事被做；使某人被……let注意：此种情况中，做宾补的动词与前面的宾语之间为被动关系。例：Shehasherhairwashedeveryday.Theroomisold,wemusthaveitrepainted.HisEnglishisnotverywell,sohecannotmakehimselfunderstoodbytheforeignersverywell.对比：Shehasherhairwashedeveryday.(叫别人洗)Shewashedherhaireveryday.（自己洗）1.---Did you  have  anyone_____the  house？---yes, I  have  got the  house_____well  A.to  clean  ,  clean   B.clean   cleanedC.to  clean  ,cleaned2.Hismother’sbikeisbroken.Shewillhaveit_________(repair).③用adj.做宾补makesb/sth.adj.使某人/某事怎么样或处于某种状态例：Helpingotherscanmakeushappier.IlikemyChineseteacher.Healwaysmakeshisclasses________________(interest).另：①注意have表示“有”时，常用todo做宾补:havesthtodo如：Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Ihavenonewclothestowear.②todosth.常可用来表示行为的目的，做目的状语如：Togetahealthybody,youmusttakemoreexercise.Hedomanypart-timejobstomakemoremoney.\n1.感观动词①用不带to的动词不定式或现在分词做宾补hear/see/find…sbdoingsth.听/看见/发现某人正在做某事（动作正在进行）hear/see/find…sbdosth.①听/看见/发现某人做了某事（动作已完成，或看/听见某人做某事的全过程②经常看/听见某人做某事注意：当感观动词为被动语态时，宾被若为省略了to的动词不定式，则要把to还原.例：Everymoringhewasseentodanceontheplayground.Jimnoticedapurse____________(lie)onthegroundonhiswaytoschool.Theboysawabasket____________(hang)inthetree.Whentheteachercamein，Inoticedhim___________(smile).Hewasoftenheard_________(sing)Englishsongs.②用adj.做宾补findsb./sth.+adj.发现某人/物怎么样或处于某状态例：IfindSichuanDishverydelicious.WhenIcamebackhome,Ifoundthedoorclosed.Hedidn’tpasstheexam..Ifoundhim________________(frustrate)2.形式主语，形式宾语(当代英语中，通常用it做形式主语或宾语，特别是当主语或宾语较长时)①“it+be+表语（形容词/名词）+todosth.”形式主语真正的主语例Itismydutytotakecarethatpatient.照料那位病人是我的职责。（做主语的不定式totakecarethatpatient后置，it为形式主语）Itisnotaneasythingtolearnaforeignlanguagewell.掌握一门外语不是件容易的事。Itisn’trighttogiveupyourdreamwhenyoumeetsomedifficulties.碰到一些困难就放弃自己的梦想是不对的。②make(find/think/feel等)+itadj./n.todosth.形式宾语宾补真正的宾语例：Marxfounditimportanttolistentomusicatleasttenminutesaday.Ifeltitanhonourtobeinviteedtogiveaspeechhere.Nevergiveup,andyou’llmakeitpossibletorealizewhatyoudreamofsomeday.3.动词或动词短语做主语与祈使句的区别动名词做主语,动词或动词与后面接的宾语一起充当主语，后面一定有担当谓语的动词。\n祈使句是省略了主语的陈述句，主语一般是you，所以一般是以动词原形开头的，后面接的是作宾语的名词。开关的动词原形就是这句话的谓语。Spendingmoretimeonyourweaksubjectisagoodwaytoimproveit.Spendmoretimeonyourweaksubject,andyou’llimproveitsomeday..辨一辨：_______________(keep)fitisnotaeasyjobforsomepeople._______________(keep)fitandyou’llfindyourlifemoreenergetic._______________(keep)fitheeatsvegetableandfruitandplayssportseveryday.1.过去分短语做定语过去分短语做定语，放在被修饰词的后面做后置定语，与前面被修饰的词间是被动关系。TheboynamedJohnismyfriend.那个叫约翰的男孩是我朋友。=whosenameisJohnIlikereadingthenovelswrittenbyMarkTwain.我喜欢读马克吐温写的小说。=that/whicharewrittenbyMarkTwainDoyouthecat_____________(name)Garfield?Haveyouheardofthemusical______________(call)ThePhantomOftheOpera.?Doyoulikethefilm________________(direct)byFengXiaogang?Exercises1()1.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow()2.Themissingboywaslastseen_____neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay()3.Ittakesme30minutes____toschoolbubikeeveyday.A.goingB.togoC.goesD.go()4.It'snoteasy____us____aforeignlanguage.A.for;learningB.of;learningC.of;tolearnD.for;tolearn()5.Childrenfind____interestingtoplaycomputergames.A.thatB.whichC.itD.he()6.Doyouthinkitimportant_____computerwell?A.playB.playsC.toplayD.playing()7.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay？A.thisB.thatC.itD.he()8.Ihadmywatch_______yesterday.ArepairBrepairedCtorepairDrepairing()9.Heoftenhasus______manyexercisesafterclass.A.doBtodoCdoneDdoing\n()10.Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon’tlike_________thismorning.A.swimming,swimmingB.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswimD.toswim,swimming()11.---“Didyouclosethedoor?”---“Yes,Iremember__________it.”A.tocloseB.toclosingC.closingD.closed()12.Remember__________thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback()13.I’msorryIforgot_______yourdictionary.Let’sborrowonefromLiMing.A.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing()14.Mybrotherregretted__________alessontaughtbyProfessorLiu.A.missingB.tomissC.missedD.beingmissed()15.Ifelttiredwithwalking,soIstopped__________abreakforanhour.A.havingB.tohaveC.takingD.totaking()16.Theteachertoldthestudentstostop__________tohim.A.towriteandlistenB.writingandlisteningC.towriteandlisteningD.writingandtolisten()17.Thegrasshasgrownsotallthatitneeds_________.A.tocutB.tobecutitC.cuttingD.beingcut()18.Youdidn’tneed__________himthenews;itjustmadehimsad.A.tellingB.tellC.totellD.thatyouwouldtell()19.Hehasn’tgotused__________inthecountrysideyet.A.liveB.toliveC.tolivingD.living()20.Averywell-knownperson__________inthishouse.A.isusedtoliveB.usedtoliveC.isusedtolivingD.usedtoliving()21.Missingthetrainmeans__________foranhour.A.towaitB.tobewaitedC.beingwaitedD.waiting()22.Imeant__________you,butIwassobusy.A.tocallonB.callingonC.tocallatD.callingat()23.Ifyoukeep__________English,youcanlearnEnglishwell.A.practisingspeakB.practisingspeakingC.practisingtospeakD.topractisespoken()24.DuringtheWorldWar2,theyweremade______workastiredasdogs.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked()25.Ihavethreemathpapers_______tonight.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done()26.Ihope__________himassoonaspossible.A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.tohaveseen()27.Shetoldmethatshehaddecided__________again.A.benotlateB.notbelateC.nottobelateD.tobenotlate()28.Tom,haveyouhadyourcomputer_______yet?A.repairB.torepairC.repairingD.repaired()29.Theythinkit______toseehimintheparty.A.surpriseB.surprisingC.surprisedD.tosurprise()30.Wefoundthewindow_______whenwecamebackfromtheplayground.A.openB.openingC.openedD.toopen\nExercises21.Ifoundthedoor_______________(close)whenIgothome.2._______________(take)goodcareofthevegetables,andtheywillgrowbetter.3._______________(take)goodcareofthevegetablesisnotaeasythingforme.4._______________(repair)myTVsetcostme100yuan.5.Youdon'tneed________________(worry)aboutyourfriend.Heissafeathome.6.Wehaven'tyetdecidedwhether________________(get)therebybusorbybike.7.It'stoocold.Let'smakeafire_______________(warm)ourselvesup.8.Ioftenhearpeople_______________(say)“________________(see)is________________(believe)”.9.Wearelookingforwardto_______________(meet)anewclassmatefromAmerica.10.It’sverykindofyou_______________(tell)meaboutit.11.Idon’tthinkiteasyforher_______________(finish)theworkintwodays.12.Look!Thereisapetdog_______________(lie)ontheground.Let’sgoandplaywithit.1.—Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithme?—Sorry,Ihavealotofhousework　　　.A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedone2.—ItriedtomakeKate　　　hermind,butIfoundithard.—Well,Isawyou　　　thatwhenIwentpast.A.changes;doB.changes;doingC.tochange;doD.change;doing3.—Oh,Ihadaterribletoothache.—You’dbetter　　　seeadoctorandhaveyourbadteeth　　　out.A.goto;pullingB.togoto;pulledC.goto;pulledD.togoto;pulling4.Don’tworry.Wewilldoanythingwecan　　　you.A.helpB.tohelpC.behelpedD.helped5.—Didyouletanyone　　　theflowers?—Yes,Ihadtheflowers　　　.A.towater;waterB.towater;wateredC.water;tobewateredD.water;watered6.—WhatshouldIdo,doctor?—　　　healthy,youshouldtakemoreexercise.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Havingkept7.(2005·苏州市)I’llgiveatalktomorrow.I’mthinkingabout_______.A.whattosayB.howtosayC.whatcanIsayD.howcanIsay8.(2005·江苏南通市)—Mum,I’mhungry.—WhataboutgoingtoMcDonald’s______friedchicken?A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.andeat