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英语基础知识(语法系列)系统总结与练习:数词数词分为基数词和序数词两种,基数词表示人或事物的数量,序数词表示人或事物的次序。注:数词与不定代词、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等被称之为限定词。一、高中英语考点基数词和序数词基数词 序数词0 zero 1 one first/1st 第一2 two second/2nd 第二3 three third/3rd 第三4 four fourth/4th 第四5 five fifth/5th 第五6 six sixth/6th 第六7 seven seventh/7th 第七8 eight eighth/8th 第八9 nine ninth/9th 第九10 ten tenth/10th 第十11 eleven eleventh/11th 第十一12 twelve twelfth/12th 第十二13 thirteen thirteenth/13th 第十三14 fourteen fourteenth/14th 第十四15 fifteen fifteenth/15th 第十五16 sixteen sixteenth/16th 第十六17 seventeen seventeenth/17th 第十七18 eighteen eighteenth/18th 第十八19 nineteen nineteenth/19th 第十九20 twenty twentieth/20th 第二十21 Twenty-one twenty-first/21st 第二十一22 Twenty-two twenty-second/22nd 第二十二23 Twenty-three twenty-third/23rd 第二十三\n30 thirty thirtieth/30th 第三十40 forty fortieth/40th 第四十50 fifty fiftieth/50th 第五十60 sixty sixtieth/60th 第六十70 seventy seventieth/70th 第七十80 eighty eightieth/80th 第八十90 ninety ninetieth/90th 第九十100 hundred hundredth/100th 第一百基数词的构成和用法(1)最基本的基数词如下表所示:one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleventwelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteentwenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety(2)基数词的写法①21~99的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例:◇21twenty-one ◇32thirty-two◇98ninety-eight◇99ninety-nine②101~999的三位数,百位数和后面的数之间用连词and,百、千等数词一律用单数形式。例:◇101onehundredandone◇225twohundredandtwentyfive◇999ninehundredandninety-nine③1000以上的数,从后面向前数,每三位中间点“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion。例:◇2,567twothousandfivehundredandsixty-seven◇3,018threethousandandeighteen(3)基数词的用法①作主语。例:◇Tenisaveryimportantnumber.十是一个很重要的数字。◇Twoandthreeare(is)five.2加3等于5。\n②作定语。例:◇Onekilometerisequaltotwoli.1公里等于2华里。◇Shehasthreebrothers.她有三个兄弟。③作宾语。例:◇Iwantedthreebuthegavemefive.我想要三个,但他给了我五个。◇Igetupbeforesixeveryday.我每天六点之前起床。④作表语。例:◇—Whattimeisit?几点钟啦?—It’sten.十点。(4)疑难点hundred,thousand和million在合成数词中一般用单数形式,但是用来表示不定数目时,用作复数形式。例:◇Hundredsofworkerswillgoonstrike.◇Thousandsofpeopleareswimmingintheriver.此时hundred,thousand等词前没有数词修饰,且通常其复数形式与of连用。序数词的构成与用法(1)序数词的构成①一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例:◇four+th→fourth◇six+th→sixth◇seven+th→seventh◇ten+th→tenth②下面这些基数词在变为序数词时,有特殊的变化。例:◇one→first◇two→second◇three→third◇five→fifth◇eight→eighth◇nine→ninth◇twelve→twelfth③十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i,然后再加eth。例:◇twenty→twentieth◇thirty→thirtieth◇forty→fortieth◇ninety→ninetieth④两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。例:◇twenty-one→twenty-first\n◇thirty-five→thirty-fifth◇ahundredandfifty-three→ahundredandfifty-third(2)序数词的用法①序数词在使用时,一般加上定冠词。例:◇thefirstbook◇thesecondfloor◇thethirdday ◇thefourthweek.②序数词在多数情况下都用作定语,有的也可以作表语、主语和宾语。例:◇Themay1stisLabourDay.五月一日是劳动节。◇Myroomisonthesecondfloor.我的房间在二楼。◇Thefirstislargerthanthesecond.(主语)第一个比第二个大。◇Readthebookfromthefirst.(宾语)从开头读这本书。◇You’llbethesixthtowrite.(表语)你将是第六个写的。③序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词,用来表示“再一”,“又一”的意思。例:◇Youmayhaveathirdtry.你可以第三次尝试。时间表示法①时间都由基数词表示。例:◇It’snine.现在九点。◇It’snotfiveyet.还不到五点。有时后面要加o’clock,但在口语中通常省略。②几点几分表示法有两种形式。A.倒读法:与汉语顺序不同,先读“分”后说“点”。30分钟以内,用“分钟数”+past+“钟点数”表示“几点过几分”,超过30分钟,用“分钟数”+to+“下一个钟点数”表示“差几分到几点”。15分钟也可以用aquarter,30分钟也可以用ahalf。例:◇2:15aquarterpasttwo◇2:45aquartertothree◇1:55fivetotwo◇7:05fivepastseven◇5:35thirtyfivepastfive◇9:30halfpastnine\n只有指几点钟整时才用o’clock,如teno’clock,但不可以说sevenpastteno’clock.B.顺读法:与汉语顺序相同,连用两个基数词,第一个表示“点钟”,第二个表示“分钟”。◇5:40fiveforty◇2:30twothirty◇1:15onefifteen这时的15和30不能用aquater,ahalf代替。日期表示法①年的读法:用基数词,分成两位一读。例:◇1949nineteenforty-nine◇1840eighteenforty②月份的名称要大写。例:◇January◇February◇March◇April③日期用序数词表示,前面可加the,也可以省略。例:◇5月4日May(the)fourth◇10月1日October(the)first④年、月、日的顺序:在英语中,按月、日、年的顺序来读。例:◇1949年10月1日October(the)firstnineteenforty-nine◇1999年5月1日May(the)firstnineteenninety-nine表示在“在某年、在某月”用介词in,如in2000,inSeptember,表示“在某日”用介词on,如onJuly8。(5)编号的读法①表示“第几课(部分,章或节)”时,用序数词时,前面一定要加冠词;用基数词时,不用冠词,但语序与汉语相反。例:◇lessonone→thefirstlesson◇partthree→thethirdpart②当数字较长时,通常用基数词。例:◇第219页page219(twoonenine)◇第306号房间room306(threeosix)\n◇第六路公共汽车busnumbersix◇电话号码885316telephonenumber885316(eighteightfivethreeonesix)二、数词的基本用法考题点击1 Itisnotrarein_____thatpeoplein____fiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation. A.90s,the B.the90s,/ C.90s,their D.the90s,their题解:表示“几十岁”;用inone’s+数词复数,如:Hebegantoworkinhisteens.表示"年代",用in+the+数词复数;考题点击2 ____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass. A.Twofifth,is B.Twofifth,are C.Twofifths,is D.Twofifths,are题解:分数和百分数作主语时,关键是看其后的名词来决定其谓语动词的数。该题中的是不可数名词,所以动词需用单数。提醒:表示百分之几或几分之几的人或物,记住一定要加of。如:百分之三十的学生,要说30%ofthestudents.巩固练习:将下列句子译成英文。1.百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。_________________________________________________________________2.三分之二的钱花在食物上。_________________________________________________________________考题点击3Americanseat______vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910. A.morethantwice B.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyas D.morethantwiceasmany题解:(倍数表示法)主+谓+倍数(或分数)+as+adj.(+n.)+as Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.三、倍数的表达方式1. 主+谓+倍数+as+形容词/副词(原级)+as+比较对象。\nThisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。2. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than+比较对象Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。Thisroomistwotimesbiggerthanthatone.这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍。 3. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+thesize(weight,length…)+of+比较对象Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon. 地球是月球的49倍。4.主+谓+junior(senior)+to+比较对象 Heisfiveyearsseniortohisyoungerbrother.他比他弟弟大三岁。5.主+谓+倍数+what引导的从句Thecollegeistwicewhatitwas5yearsago.这所大学是它五年前的两倍。数词练习题基础型 用适当的数词完成下列句子:1.Oneh_______yearsisacentury(世纪). 2.Thursdayisthef_______dayoftheweek. 3.Autumnisthet________seasonoftheyear. 4.ChristmasisonDecemberthet_______eachyear. 5.LetterHisthee______letterinthealphabet(字母表)。 6.Therearet_______monthsinayear.7.Mybrotherisjust20.Todayishis_____(20岁)birthday. 8._______(三分之二)ofthefishhavebeensoldout.提高型 1.–Whatdateisit?-It’s_______. A.theMayfourth B.thefourthofMay C.fourthMay D.Mayfour 2.MygoodfriendZhangyingstudiesat______MiddleSchool. A.16 B.the16 C.16thNo. D.No.16 3.Hisunclehaslivedat_______fortenyears.\n A.No.103XinhuaStreet B.103XinhuaStreet C.XinhuaStreet103 D.XinhuaStreetNo.103 4.Pleasewaithere.I’llbebackin_______hours. A.twoandhalfa B.twoandahalf C.halfandtwo D.twoahalf 5.Chinais_______largerthantheUnitedStates. A.onesix B.onesixth C.onesixes D.asixths 6.Two______diedofcoldlastwinter. A.hundredsoldpeople B.hundredsoldpeoples C.hundredoldpeople D.hundredoldpeoples 7.999readsninehundred______. A.andninetyninth B.andninety-nine C.ninetyandnine D.andninenine 8.Ourteachertoldustowritea_________composition(作文). A.two-thousand-word B.two-thousand-words C.twothousandswords D.two-thousands-word 9.Henryis______tallestintheirclass. A.three B.thethree C.third D.thethird 10.Wouldyouliketotry_______time? A.two B.second C.atwo D.asecond 综合型 1.Whenspringcomes,_______treesareplantedinourcity. A.millionsof B.amillionof C.twomillions D.millionof 2.Thenumberofthegirlsinourschool______morethansix______. A.are;hundreds B.is;hundred C.are;hundred D.is;hundred 3.Theworldpopulationwillpast______billionbytheendof______century. Asix;twenty B.sixth;twentieth C.six;thetwentieth D.thesixth;thetwenty\n4.JohnbegantolearnJapanesebyhimselfin_____. A.thefifty B.thefifties C.hisfifty D.hisfifties 5.–Whenwereyouborn? -Iwasborn______. A.in1988June6 B.onJune6,in1988 C.inJune6,1988 D.onJune6,1988 6.–What’stheEnglishfor12:30?-It’s_____.A.twelveandthirty B.onetothirty C.twelvethirty D.ahalfpasttwelve 7.MostEnglishpeoplehave_____names:_____name,amiddlenameandthefamilyname. A.three;first B.three;afirst C.thethree;thefirst D.thethird;onefirst 8.Thelibraryintheschoolisn’tlarge.There’reonly_____booksinit. A.sixthousand,fivehundredandforty-one B.sixthousandsandfivehundredsandforty-one C.sixthousands,fivehundredfortyandone D.sixthousand,fivehundredsandfourth-one 9._____oftheworld’sbooksandnewspapersarewritteninEnglish.A.Threequarter B.ThreeofquartersC.Thirdfourths D.Threefourths 10.In_____MarxbegantolearnRussian. A.a1870 B.the1870 C.the1870’s D.his1870 11.Todaywe’regoingtolearnthe_____lesson. A.twenty B.20 C.twentieth D.twentyth 12.–Howdeepisthehole?-Itis_____. A.fourmetredeep B.fourmetresdeep C.four-metredeep D.four-metres-deep 13.Bytheendoflastyearwehadplantedaboutfive_____trees. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredof D.hundredsof\n 14.We’veplanted_____treesinthecentreofourcitythisyear. A.hundred B.twohundreds C.hundredof D.hundredsof 15._____booksmustbeproducedforthechildren. A.Manythousands B.Manythousandsof C.Manythousandof D.Manythousand 16.Thereare_____daysinJuneand_____dayisChildren’sDay.A.thirteen,first B.thirty;thesecondC.thirty;thefirst D.thirteen;thefirst 17._____treesareplantedeveryyear.A.Thousand B.Thousandof C.Thousands D.Thousandsof参考答案:考题点击:1D 2C 40%ofthestudentswearglasses. Twothirdsofthemoneywasspentonfood. 3C练习题:基础型:1.hundred2.fifth3.third4.twenty-fifth 5.eighth6.twelve7.thetwentieth8.Twothirds提高型:1-5BDACB6-10CBADD综合型:1-5ABCDC6-10CAADB11-15CCADD16-17CD