初中英语阅读理解讲解加练习 38页

阅读理解解题技巧点拨\n一、先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。    二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。阅读理解四步曲\n三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：1．抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What(事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。2．抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。3．注意领会文章的寓意。\n4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种：①直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。②归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。\n③综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。    题干中有"suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason,because,accordingto“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。④捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。⑤转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。⑥排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。\n四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。\n典型例题分析根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground-firewhenhewasseven."Throughthehole（洞）intheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire,butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot,"saidMrBrown.In1898,hesawthefireoncemore（再一次）.Now,wecanonlyseethesmoke.ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground-fire.Infact,thereare260coal（煤）firesintheworld.Theyareharmful（有害）anddangerous.Thenhowtoputthemout?Scientistshavetriedtoset（放置）firetoundergroundcoaltospeedup（加速）thefires.Inthisway,theburning（燃烧）ofundergroundcoalwouldbesoonfinished.（被烧完）。\n1.MrBrownfirstsawtheunderground-fire________.A.attheageofsevenB.sevenyearsoldC.intheyearof1898D.morethan（超过）80yearsago2.MrBrownsaidthatwehadtotakeafastlookatthefirebecause________.A.itwasintheholeB.itwasveryhotC.itwasorangeD.itwasharmful3.Howmanycoalfiresarethereintheworld?A.There'sonlyone.B.It'shardtosay.C.Thereare260.D.Thearticle（文章）doesn'ttellus.ABC\n4.What’soneofthebestwaystoputout（扑灭）theundergroundfire?A.Tocover（覆盖）theholeswithstones（石块）.B.Tospeedupthefires.C.Toseethefiresburning.D.Todosomeexperiments（试验）.5.Whatisthebesttitle（标题）forthearticle?A.WatchingtheUnderground-Fire.B.AWaytoPutOuttheCoalFires.C.TheBurningEarth.D.CoalandCoalFires.BB\n[分析]1.在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据。attheageofseven等于whenhewasseven，故正确答案为A。2．这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为B。3．这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为C。4．在文章的最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案为B。5．完成这道题需作一定的归纳，因为文章中没有给出直接的回答。文章从MrBrown两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为B。\n阅读理解题型tureorfauseA,B,CorDAnswerthequestions\n一、根据文章内容判断正误Fredtelephonedhiswife.“I’vegottwofreeticketsforthetheatretonight,”hetoldher.“Meetmeoutsidetheoffice.We’llhavesomethingtoeatandthengoontothetheatre.”Fred’swifewasverypleased.Theyhadn’tbeentothetheatreforalongtime.Shemetherhusbandashetoldher.Theyhaddinnerandgottothetheatrejustintime.AttheentranceFredtookouthiswallettogetthetickets.“It’sverystrange,”hesaid.“Theyaren’there!”“Tryyourpockets,”saidhiswife.Buttheticketsweren’tthere,either.ThenFredlookedveryembarrassed(尴尬).“What’sthematter?”askedhiswife.“Well,”Fredsaid,“IrememberwhatIdidwithmytickets.Iputtheminmybag.ButbecauseIwasn’tgoinghome,Ileftitintheoffice!”\n()1.Oneday,Fredwasgiventheticketsforthetheatre.()2.Fredandhiswifewenttothetheatrequiteoften.()3.Fredwantedtomeethiswifeinarestaurant.()4.Theyreachedthetheatreneitherlatenorearly.()5.ThenFredcouldn’tfindhisticketsandrememberedwhathehaddonewiththetickets.1、T因为第一段中提到Fredtoldhiswife“I’vegottwofreetickets…”“free”此处是免费的意思。2、F第二段中提到“Theyhadn’tbeentothetheaterforalongtime.”3、F第一段中Fred说“Meetmeoutsidetheoffice.”4、T第二段中“intime”是及时的意思。5T结尾处提到的。\nDavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor.Housewives(家庭主妇)werenotinterestedinthebooks.Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks,thewomenclosedtheirdoors.Buthedidn’tgiveup.McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent,asmallbottleofperfume(香水)madebyhimself.Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks.Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany“Avon”,whichisagreatsuccess.Whenyoudonothing,youlearnnothing.Butwhenyoutry,eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful,youwilllearnwhatdoesn’tworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork.Itdoesn’tmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful.Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.\nEdisonwasnotonthewaytosuccessuntilpeopleboughthisfirstinvention.SuccessonceisenoughforEdison.Andthesameforyou—successonceisenough.()1.McConnellwassuccessfulasabook-seller.()2.McConnellhopedthosewomenwouldbuyhisbooksifhebroughtthemeachapresent.()3.Ifyoudonothingatall,youwillneverbesuccessful.()4.Edisonwassuccessfulattheverybeginning.()5.Thewriterencouragedustotryasmuchaswecan.FTTFT\n1、F从第一段“Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumestead.”，可以判断出他在推销书方面并不成功。2、T第一段第三行提到“McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent,…”。3、T这句是第二段前两句的解释。4、F最后一段，第一句说明Edison的发明被人们认可后才走上了成功之路。5、T第二段中作者提出了自己的观点。\nSociologists(社会学家),workinginwesterncountries,havefoundthatalargenumberofwomenwishedtheyhadbeenbornmen.Thenumberissaidtobeashighas60%inGermany.“Womenoftenwishtheyhadthesamechancesasmenhave,andthinkitisstillmen’sworld,”saidDrJamesHelen,oneofthesociologistswhodidthestudy.Manymensaythattheyhavemoredutiesthanwomen.Amanhastomakemoneytosupport(养活)hisfamilyandtomaketheimportantdecision,soitisrightformentobepaidmore.Someareevenagainsttheirwivesworkingatall.Whenwivesgoouttowork,theysay,thehomeandchildrencannotbe\ntakengoodcareof.Ifwomentakefull-timejobs,theywon’tbeabletodowhattheyarebestatdoing:makinganicehomeandbringingupthechildren.Somewomendisagree.Theysaytheywanttogetoutoftheirhomesandtohavefreedom(自由)tochoosebetweenworkandhomelife.Womenhavetherightofequalpayandequalchances(平等机会).AnneHarperhasaverygoodjob.Shealsobelievesin“Women’sLiberation(解放).”“Idon’twishIwereaman,”shesays,“andIdon’tthinkmanywomendo.ButIdowishpeoplewouldstoptreating(对待)uslikesecond—classpeople.\nAtwork,forexample,weusuallydotheworkthatmendobutgetpaidless.Therearestillalotofjobsonlytomen—usuallytheyarethebestones.Ifyouareaman,youhaveamuchbetterchanceoflivingawonderfullife.Howmanywomenscientistsarethere…orengineers?”\n()1.manymenthink__________.A.womencan’tdowhatmencanB.menhavetoworkmuchharderthanwomenC.mencanmakemoneymoreeasilythanwomenD.women’sdutyismainlytodohouseworkathome1、D这是一道概括主旨的题，答此题的依据是第三段内容。这段开头两句话说的是重男，那么不言而喻，家务活和教育子女的任务应有妇女承担；另有一些男士则公开反对女士外出工作。可见，不少男士认为妇女的主要职责是在家料理家务。\n()2.Somewomenhavedifferentideas,Theysaythat__________.A.womenneedchancestogooutofthehomemoreoftenB.womenwantmorefreedomindecidingthekindoflifetheywantC.ifwomenaregivenequalpay,theycandoeverythinginsteadofmenD.womenarenolongerinterestedintakingcareoftheirhomes2、B一些妇女持不同观点，文中第四段反映了他们的意见。这也正是文章的中心思想的写作意图----争取人权平等，妇女自由，男女平等。\n()3.AnneHarperdidn’twishtobeaman__________.A.becauseshebelievedin“Women’sLiberation”B.butshewishedtogetthesamejobsasmenC.becauseshehadgotagoodjobD.butshewishedtotreatedthesameasaman3、D安妮.哈珀不希望自己是男士，但她希望社会像对待男士一样对待她。该题是一考查细节的题，答案在最后一段。\n()4.AnneHarperthoughtthat__________.A.womenshouldliveabetterlifethanmenB.womenshouldbereallyliberatedC.womenshouldbegivenbetterjobsthanmenD.womenshouldliveamorewonderfullife4、B安妮.哈珀的想法正是作者的意图，如最后一段写到：Shealsobelievesin“Women’sLiberation.”然后她又列举了许多事实，其立意还是为了说明这一正确论点。\n()5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Therearemoremenscientists,engineersthanwomenones.B.Womenaresecond—classpeople,sotheyshouldn’tliveabetterlife.C.Womendothesamejobsasmen,butgetpaidlessthanmen.D.TherearesomebestJobsthatwomenhavefewchancestotake.5、B选题B的观点在文中没有出现。文中男士尽管摆出种种理由，但还没有人敢明目张胆地发表歧视妇女的观点，即把妇女作为二等公民，认为妇女不应生活的更美好。\nHaveyoueverheldatoyballoon(气球)?Theyareverylight.Buttherearemuchbiggerballoons.Theseballoonscanflyveryhighupinthesky.Theyarebigenoughtocarrypeople.Theyarecalledhot-airballoons.Tomakeahot-airballoongoup,turnontheburner(燃烧器).Thatwillmaketheairinsidetheballoonhotter.Thentheballoonwillgoup.Tomaketheballoongodown,turnofftheburner.Theairinsidetheballoonwillgetcooler.Thentheballoonwillgodown.\nUnderneath(在…下面)theballoonthereisalargebasket.Thatiswherethepilot(飞行员)andthepassengers(乘客)go.Theburnerisjustabovethebasket.Youcanstandinthebasketandturntheburneronandoff.Theballoonwillgowherethewindblowsit.Doyouwanttheballoontogosomewherespecial?Firstmakesurethewindisblowingtherightway!Peoplehavebeenflyinginhot-airballoonsforovertwohundredyears.Beforeplanesitwastheonlywayofflying.Todaypeopleflyinhotairballoonsforfun.Somepeopleliketoracehot-airballoons.ThefirstHot-AirBalloonWorldChampionship(锦标赛)washeldin1973.\n()1.Ahot-airballoonis____________.A.smallerthanatoyballoonB.biggerthanatoyballoonC.thesameasatoyballoonD.lighterthanatoyballoon1、B由“Buttheyaremuchbiggerballoons.”可知。这里的比较级是与前面“atoyballoon”相比较。\n()2.Wherewillyousitifyouwanttoflyintheballoon?A.Insidethebasket.B.OntopoftheballoonC.UnderthebasketD.Insidetheballoon2、A这是一篇有关热气球的科普文章，需要考生熟知有关热气球的基本常识。热气球有燃烧器（也可叫加热器），打开燃烧器，气球内气体被加热，气球会上升，反之就下降。气球下面是一个大篮子，飞行员或乘客在此处，燃烧器在篮子上方。热气球总要随风向飞行。\n()3.Youwanttheballoontogoup.Soyouwill_____________.A.jumpoutiftheballoonB.lettheairoutoftheballoonC.maketheairinsidetheballoonhotterD.lettheairinsidetheballooncooldown3、C由第二段的叙述可知。\n()4.Nowyouarehighupinthesky.Ifyouwanttheballoongodown,youwill_________.A.makeyourfriendsgetoutofthebasketB.makeaholeintheballoonwithaknifeC.maketheairinsidetheballoonhotterD.maketheairinsidetheballooncooler4、D由第三段的叙述可知。\n()5.Noweverythingisallright!Theballoonisflyingacrossthesky.Whereareyougoing?A.Towardsthesun.B.Totheseaside.C.Wherethewindblowsyou.D.Tothenearestmountains.5、C由第六段的叙述可知。\n(4)Bobwashappy.Hewasatanewschool,andtheotherstudentswerefriendly.“Hi,Bob!”theysaid.Butsomestudentssaid,“Hi,Peter!”Bobdidn’tunderstand.Heaskedanotherstudent,“WhydosomestudentscallmePeter?”“Oh,that’seasytoanswer,”thestudentssaid.“Petewasastudentherelastyear.Nowhegoestoadifferentschool.YoulooklikePeter.Somestudentsthinkthatyou’rePeter.”\nBobwantedtomeetPeter.HegotPeter’saddressfromastudentandwenttoPeter’shouse.Peteropenedthedoor.Bobcouldn’tbelievehiseyes.HelookedreallylikePeter!BobandPeterhadthesamecoloureyesandthesamesmile.Theyhadthesameblackhair.Theyalsohadthesamebirthday.Andtheybothwereadopted(领养)bytwodifferentfamilies.BobandPeterfoundoutthattheyweretwinbrothers.Soonaftertheboyswereborn,onefamilyadoptedBob,andanotherfamilyadoptedPeter.Bob’sfamilyneverknewaboutPeter,andPeter’sfamilyneverknewaboutBob.\nBobandPeter’sstorywasinthenewspaper.TherewasaphotoofBobandPeternexttothestory.AyoungmannamedJohnsawthephotointhenewspaper.Johncouldn’tbelievehiseyes.HelookedreallylikeBobandPeter!Hehadthesamecoloureyesandthesamesmile.Hehadthesameblackhair.Hehadthesamebirthday.Andhe,too,wasadoptedbyanotherfamily.LaterJohnmetBobandPeter.WhenBobandPetersawJohn,theycouldn’tbelievetheireyes.Johnlookedreallylikethem!WhydidJohnlookreallylikeBobandPeter?Youcanguess.BobandPeterarenottwins.Bob,PeterandJohnaretriplets.\n1.HowdidBobfeelatanewschool?2.WhydidsomestudentsmistakeBobforPeter?3.WheredidBobseePeter?4.HowdidJohnknowthestory?5.Whatdoesitmeanby“triplets”,doyouknow?1.Hewashappy.2.BecauseBoblookedlikePeterverymuch.3.InPeter’shouse.4.Heknewthestoryfromthenewspaper.5.ItmeansBob,PeterandJohnwerebornonthesameday,andtheyarebrothers.\n（8）Everyonebathesinadifferentway.MostAmericansnevertakeabath.Theysoapandrinse（冲洗）offundertheshower.TheEnglishalwaystakeabath.First,theysitinabathtubfullofwarmwater.Thentheysoapthemselves,andfinally,theyrinseoffthesoap,allinthesamewater.TheJapaneseontheotherhand,firstwashwithsoapintheshower.Thentheygoandsitinabathtubfullofwarmwaterfortwentyminutesormore.Later,othersinthefamilyusethesamewatertositandrelaxin.\nTheThai（泰国人）donotgetintoashowerorabathtub.Theystandinaroomorareaofahousewherethereisabigjar（罐子）fullofwater.Withabowltheypourwaterfromthejaronthemselvessothatotherpeopledonotseetheirbodies.TheThaialwayswearalongpieceofclothcalledapasinaroundtheirbodies.Theywearthiswhentheyarebathing..Everyonegetscleaninadifferentway.Weknowthatwashingisgoodhealthyforus.Butthiswasnottrueinthepast.Upto1800,mostAmericansdidnotbathebecausetheythoughtitwasbadforthem.\nWhatisthepassageabout?2.Whydopeopleoftenbathe?3.Whoneedsabathtubwhenhebathes?4.WhydotheThaiuseapasinaroundtheirbodieswhentheybathe?5.WhendidmostAmericansbegintobatheoften?1.Thewayspeoplebathe.2.Tomakethemselvesclean.3.TheEnglishandtheJapanese.4.Tokeepothersfromseeingtheirbodies.5.About200yearsago.