初中英语时态用法总结及练习 6页

英语动词时态的用法及练习一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能：1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：天空是蓝色的。___________________你是一位学生.______________________2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：我每天六点起床.___________________________我们每天读英语._________________________________________3.表示客观现实。如：地球绕着太阳转。______________________________________一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： 我是一个男孩。_____________________这是我的书包。______________________2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：我们学习英语._________________我每天步行上学。______________________________当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：玛丽喜欢汉语_______________她说英语。__________________________一般现在时的变化：1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。 如：他不是工人。_____________________我们不是工人。______________________ 一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。   如：-Areyouastudent?---IsLiPingateacher?   ______________________________________________________________   特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：我的自行车在哪里？Whereismybike?这是什么？___________________你多大________________________________   2.行为动词的变化。   否定句：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如： 我不喜欢面包。_______________________他们不踢足球。___________________________  当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：他不喜欢汉语。______________________她不踢足球。_____________________________ 一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：   你常常踢足球吗？______________________________-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：  她骑自行车上班吗?__________________________-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.  特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：你父亲是怎样上班的？_____________________?他坐公共汽车上班。_______________  动词+s的变化规则   1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks   2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes  3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies  一般现在时用法专练: 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink________go____________stay____________make__________look________have____________pass__________carry_________come___________watch___________plant_____________fly___________study___________brush____________do_____________teach__________ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften______(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy________(be)inClassOne.3.We___________(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick___________(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)on-6-\nSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_____(do)yourhomeworkwell.16.She__________(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften____________(watch)TVintheevening.20.－Whatday____________(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子    1.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)___________________________________________2.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)______________________________________    3.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)__________________________________________________________    4.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________________    5.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)______________________________________________________    6.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)___________________________________________________________   四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)   1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________   3.Helikeplayinggamesafterclass.__________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________   5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________二、现在进行时1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为:主语+be（am,is,are）+动词ing+…玲玲正在搬一只箱子。_______________________.那些男孩正在骑自行车。______________3．现在进行时的否定句为：主语+be（am,is,are）not+动词ing+…那些女孩不是在买热狗。____________________.她不是正在写信。_____________________4．现在进行时的一般疑问句为：Be(Am,Is,Are)+主语+动词ing+…?李磊正在做作业吗？_____________________________?Yes,________\No,___________.5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+be(am\is\are)+主语+动词ing+…?  他正在那边干什么？___________________________?他在找他的书。__________________ 但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+be+动词ing+…?谁在房里唱歌？________________________?是我姐姐。______________________________ 动词加ing的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook---cookingwork---working 2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting 3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write________ski___________read__________have_________sing______dance_________put_________see________begin________shop___________buy________love____________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________二.填空:（用现在进行时态完成）1.She________________(walk)now.2.They________(sitt)onthechair.3.Cindy_____________(watch)TV.4.Joe________(water)inthegarden.5.Look,Nick_________(come).6.Listen,she_________(sing).7.Look,thegirl_________(run).8.Mymotherandmyfather_________(dance).三.根据汉语意思填空:1.你要去哪儿啊?Whereareyou_____?2.Nick正在爬攀登架.Nick______________(climb)thejunglegym.3.他们正在读书.They____________booksnow.4.爷爷正在吸烟.Grandpa_________________(smoke).-6-\n5.我在做作业.I_______________(do)myhomework.6.我妈妈正在做饭.Mymother______________(cook).7.Jerry在喝柠檬果汁.Jerry______________lemonjuice.8.他正在写信.He________________aletter.四.填入be动词的适当形式1.He_____drinkingwater.2.Theeagle_____flyinginthesky.3.Children_____playingintheplayground.4.They_____workingnow.5.I_____goingtothesupermarket.五、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.六、句型转换： 1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)   __________________________________________________________________________________________________   2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)   _________________________________________________________________________________________________   3．I’mplayingfootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)_____________________________________________4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisroom.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________七．用动词的适当形式填空（现在进行时与一般现在时对比练习）1.She______________(go)toschoolateighto’clock.2.It’ssixo’clock.Theyare_____________supper.(eat)3.Heusually_______________upat6:00.(get)4.She__________________(live)inBeijing.5.Theyare______________(dig)ahole(洞).6.Myfather_______________(mend)hismodel(模型)planethesedays.九.造句:1).she,thewindow,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)________________________________2).is,who,thewindow,cleaning?(连词成句)__________________________________________3).Sheisclosingthedoornow.(改成否定句)______________________________________4.)Youaredoingyourhomework.(用"I"作主语改写句子)_____________________________5).they,thetree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)__________________________6).TheYoungPioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.(改成一般疑问句)_________________十、用括号中动词的适当形式填空： 1.Myparents____________________（watch）TVnow.2.What_______yourmother_______（do）now? 3._______you_______（listen）tomusic?Yes,Iam.4.Look,MissChen__________________football.（play）5.Tomandhissister____________（wait）foryouoverthere.6.NowClass3andClass4_________（have）atest.三、一般将来时理论及练习 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：①主语+be(is,am,are)goingto+do(动词原形)…；李平明天打算去购物。_________________________________________________________我打算今晚看电视。__________________________________________________他们这个周末要去公园。________________________________________________________ ②主语+will+do(动词原形)…学生们将用计算机来学习。______________________________________________________我们将会去拜访他。__________________________________________________三、否定句：①主语+be(is,am,are)notgoingto+do(动词原形)….李平明天不打算去购物。________________________________________________________我不打算今晚看电视。________________________________________________他们这个周末不去公园。________________________________________________________ ②主语+willnot+do(动词原形)….(willnot=won’t)学生们将不用计算机来学习。____________________________________________________-6-\n我们将不会去拜访他。________________________________________________四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，①Be(Is,Am,Are)主语+goingto+do(动词原形)…?李平明天打算去购物吗？_____________________________________?Yes,___________你打算今晚看电视吗?_____________________________?No,_____________他们这个周末要去公园吗？__________________________________?No,______________②Will+主语+do(动词原形)…?学生们将用计算机来学习吗？_________________________________?Yes,_____________你们将去拜访他吗？_____________________________?Yes,______________五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1.问人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→_____________________________? 2.问干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis   afternoon.→______________________________________________________________? 3.问什么时候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→   __________________________________________________________________________?练习：一、填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。  I___________________haveapicnicwithmyfriendstomorrow.=I________haveapicnicwithmyfriendstomorrow.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I_________________playbasketball.  = What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。   _____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?   Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.二、改句子。1.Nancyisgoingtogocamping（野营）.（改否定）Nancy________goingtogocamping.2.I’llgoshopping　thisafternoon.（改否定）I___________goshopping　thisafternoon.3.I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_____________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?4.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.5.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）_________she________________afterschool?6.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)   __________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.三、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.2.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually_____________(watch)TVand_______________(catch)insects(昆虫)?3.Mary_____________________________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.4.LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.5.MymotherandI_____________________________(clean)ourgardentomorrow.6.Where________yourparents____________________________(have)lunchtomorrow?7.She________________________________(gofishing)tomorrow.四、一般过去时 1. 一般过去时态：表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。经常与yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上个月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（两个月前）, the day before yesterday（前天），in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：_______________________ (我出生在1990年)。________________________________（你是什么时候去的公园?）_________________________________________.（我是上周去的公园）在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态；第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：-6-\n ⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t） ⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。  3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子.否定句：didn’t+动词原形，如：吉姆昨天没有回家。_______________________________________.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如.吉姆昨天回家了吗？__________________________? 特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：吉姆昨天干什么了？_______________________________?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？昨天谁回家了？________________________________? 动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked 2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 5．不规则动词过去式： am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat一、写出下列动词的过去式is,am_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________ask_____taste_________eat__________draw________put______throw________kick_________pass_______do________二、句型转换1.Itwasexciting.否定句：____________________一般疑问句：______________________肯、否定回答：_______________________2.Allthestudentswereveryexcited.否定句：_____________________________   一般疑问句：______________________________肯、否定回答：________________________________3.Theywereinhispocket.否定句：_____________________   一般疑问句：________________________肯、否定回答：_________________________________三、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.4.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.7.There________asignonthechaironMonday.8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.四、句型转换1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：_________________________________   一般疑问句：___________________________________肯、否定回答：_____________________五、中译英 1．昨天我做了作业。______________________________________________ 2．他上个礼拜去了公园。_____________________________________________ 3．他们刚才在操场上玩。_______________________________________________六、用行为动词的适当形式填空1.He_________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We_____(have)apartylastnight.4.Nancy_______(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I_____(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They______(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?    No,she_________.七、改错-6-\n1．HowisJaneyesterday?_______________2．Hegotoschoolbybuslastweek.___________________3．Heoftengoeshomeat6:00lastmonth._________________4．Icanflykitessevenyearsago.__________________5．Didyousawmyhomeworkyesterday?____________九、写出下列动词的三单现、过去式和现在分词go______________________enjoy______________________begin__________________buy_____________________eat____________________eat___________________get_____________________walk_______________________play___________________take__________________dance______________________study____________________write___________________run____________________swim_____________________五、现在完成时1. 现在完成时结构：“主语+have/has+v过去分词”。“have/has”如何使用需记清。当主语是I,you和复数名词或代词时要用have;第三人称单数主语后跟has。现在完成时表示过去发生的与现在情况有关的事或状态，即动作发生在过去，而且已经完成；或动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续延续下去。现在完成时的时间状语：1.表示不确定的时间状语如already,ever,never,recently,just,yet,before等。2.表示从过去某个时刻（或时间）一直延续到现在的时间状语，由“for+时间段”，“since+过去某个时间或since连接的一般过去时的从句”,如forthreeyears,sincelastautumn,sincehecametoChina等。现在完成时典型示例㈠过去发生的与现在情况有关的事或状态，即动作发生在过去，而且已经完成，它强调对现在造成的影响或结果。常于already,ever,never,recently,just,yet,before等表示不确定的时间状语连用。1._____________________________________________我已经给他寄去信了。2.______________________________________________她曾经看过这个电影。3._______________________________________________他们买了新房子了。㈡表示从过去某个时刻（或时间）一直延续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作，常与“for+时间段”，“since+过去某个时间或since连接的一个一般过去时的从句”连用,这时的动词必须是延续性的。①________________________________________________我们学习英语已经三年了。②________________________________________________自从他来到这里他就在这个工厂工作。have/hasbeen与have/hasgone的区别1.have/hasbeen表示去过某地，说明有某种经历。①______________________________________.以前我去过北京。2.have/hasgone到某地去了。（在途中或已经到了目的地）①Wherehashegone?他到哪里去了？ ________________________________________他去青岛了。②Wherearethey?他们在哪里？ _________________________________________.他们到日本去了。七、现在完成时的句型变换   助动词提前变疑问，助动词后not变否定。例句①Ihavealreadyplantedthreetrees.否定句:_______________________________________疑问句:___________________________________________(already用于肯定句中，yet用于否定句和一般疑问句中)肯定回答：Yes,Ihave.否定回答：No,Ihaven’t.对three提问:___________________treeshaveyouplantedalready.   ②HehasbeenheresinceheleftBeijing.   划线提问：____________________hashebeenhere?-6-