初中主谓一致全面讲解及练习 13页

实用标准文案主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则　　主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。1.语法一致原则：最基本的“主谓一致”规则是：“单则单，复则复”，指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。　　Tomisagoodstudent.汤姆是个好学生。　　Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。　2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。　　Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.　　我们一家人现在正吃午饭。　　Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.　　这本书20美元太贵了。3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：　　Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.　　不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。　　Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.　　课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、主谓一致常考题型1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。　　ThedeskisTom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。　　Somewaterisinthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。　　Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。　2.manya+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。　　ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.许多学生到过上海。　3.morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。精彩文档\n实用标准文案　　MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。　4.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。另外，加减乘除也常当作整体对待，谓语动词也用单数形式。例如：Twomonthsisalongholiday.两个月是一个长假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英镑并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。Fiveminusfourisone.5减4等于1。5.主语是(no)each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。　　Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。　　Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。6.oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。　Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一个半小时足够了。7.如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.他正在做什么看起来很重要。Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。　8.a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓语动词用单数。　　Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。　　9.当主语部分含有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。　Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。　Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthegarden.老师和同学们正在花园里种树。10.由and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种情况：1).and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：HeandIarebothstudentsofthisschool.我和他都是这个学校的学生。精彩文档\n实用标准文案2)如果and所连接的并列主语是同一个人或事物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)　Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)　11.people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team,nation，couple等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。　Peoplehereareveryfriendly.这儿的人很友好。　Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。　MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。12.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，不定代词everybody，someone,anyone，nobody等作主语时，陈述句部分谓语动词一般用单数形式。但是，在附加疑问句中谓语动词与相应代词多用复数形式。Everyoneishavingfun,aren’tthey?一切都准备好了，是吗?Everythingisready，isn'tit?Iseveryoneheretoday.今天大家到齐了吗？Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有毛病。Nobodywasin.没有人在家。13.each,either,neither,another,theother作主语，谓语动词用单数。EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neitheransweriscorrect.两个答案都不正确。14.不定代词all,more,some,any,none等作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。vAlltheapplesarerotten.所有的苹果都烂了。vAlltheappleisrotten.整个苹果都烂了。vNoneofusare/isperfect.人无完人。vNoneofthemoneyisleft.一点钱也没剩下。15.以-s结尾的学科名词（如maths,physics,politics等）和以-s结尾的抽象名词（如news,plastics,works等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如politics,physics,works,theUnitedStates,news,maths等词作主语时，这类词语貌似复数，意义上却是单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，通常把它们作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。精彩文档\n实用标准文案　Nonewsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我们班数学很受欢迎。《纽约时报》是流行于美国各地的报纸。TheNewYorkTimesisreadallovertheUnitedStates.16.有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means,deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish等。如：Noteverymeansisuseful.并非每种方法都有效。Notallmeansareuseful.并非所有的方法都有效。17.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。EithermywifeorIamgoing.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisreadytoleave.如果either,each,neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Eachofushashislikesanddislikes.Neitherofthebooksisveryinteresting.18.both,few,afew,many,several,other等它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式19.如果主语是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。Aseriesofpre-recordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.但avarietyof,anumberof+名词复数，动词要用复数形式;.而thenumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Onexhibitionthereareagreatvarietyofconsumergoods.Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthoundred20.therestof,halfof,majorityof,partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,aplentyof,percentof以及分数词等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即就近原则。如：我们需要许多食物。Lotsoffoodisneededbyus.Apartofthestudentshavearrived.部分学生已到了。Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenbythemouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。21．以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.　Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.精彩文档\n实用标准文案由here,there等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如：Herecomesthebus.Hereisapenandtwobooksforyou.在表存在的therebe句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。Thereisapen,twopencilsandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Therearetwopencils,apenandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Thereareseveralbooks,apenandtwopencilsonthedesk.22.一些由两个相同部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers，glasses，shoes等，作主语时，若前面有“一条”、“一副”、“一把”之类的量词，则谓语动词用单数，不带量词时，则谓语动词用复数形式。这条裤子是他哥哥的。Thispairoftrousersishisbrother's.23.the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.　Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。三．肯定与否定一致下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。We'vehadsome(money).→Wehaven'thadany(money).Iwastalkingtosomeone.→Iwasn'ttalkingtoanyone.Theysometimesvisitus.→Theyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.Hehasarrivedalready.→Hehasn'tarrivedyet.Liiscomingtoo.→Liisn'tcomingeither.Bothofusaregoing.→Neitherofusaregoing.Helikesbothofthem.→Hedoesn'tlikeeitherofthem.注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。MywifelikeclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.Shedoesn'tlikejazzandneitherdoI.1.either,neither单独出现用单数。2.every,each,no双双出现，名词单数，即单数。3.school,class,family指人用复数，整体用单数。4.有相同两半的名词独自用复数，与apairof连用指单数。5.主语后的介词丢一边，时间、距离、金钱再多也是单数。6.动名词动词不定式用单数，定语从句先行词是决策。7.几分之几见主语，几分之几作主语时，动词由其后面的名词或代词决定。但oneandahalf跟单数。别忘倒装向后看。主谓倒装句，动词应与其后的主语一致。精彩文档\n实用标准文案　主谓一致专项练习题 1.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.　　A.wereB.isC.wasD.are2.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.isC.are’t    D.are3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveraday?　　—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthen_____45minutes.　　A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are4.NeitherLipingnorI_______abasketballplayer.　　A.amB.isC.beD.are5.There______manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.　　A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.　　A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.Maths_______myfavouritesubject.　　A.beB.isC.amD.are8.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.　　A.weresleepingB.issleeping　　C.wassleepingD.areasle9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.　　A.areB.isC.wereD.was精彩文档\n实用标准文案10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,____ofuswantstogothere.　　A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some11.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.　　A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is12.—What’sontheplate?someeggsandcakesonit?　　—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.Thispairofglasses______mine.　　A.areB.beC.isD.willbe14.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.　　A.invitedB.wasinvited　　C.hadinvitedD.wereinvirted15.—Twomonths______quitealongtime.　　—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were16.Inthecitytheold_______.　　A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareof　　C.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof17.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.　　A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,are18.Thesingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing.　　A.has    B.haveC.areD.is19.Thechildreninthisclasseach_____newschoolbag.　　A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehaving20.Allbutone_____herejustnow.　　A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were　　21.IfBob'swifewon'tagreetogoonholidayinwinter,.A.neitherhewillB.neitherwon'theC.neitherwillheD.hewon'tneither22.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkedyet.A.sohasheB.NeitherhehasC.HehastooD.Hehasn'teither精彩文档\n实用标准文案23.“I'mgoingtovisittheLuGouBridgetomorrow.”“.”A.IamsoB.SoamIC.SogoID.SoIgo24.Youaswellashetoblame(责备)fortheaccident（交通事故）.A.areB.isC.haveD.has25.NeithermywifenorImyselfabletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.am　主谓一致练习题参考答案(1).B(2).A(3).B(4).A  (5).B  (6).A (7).B(8).C(9).D(10).A  (11).B (12).B (13).C(14).D (15).A (16).B (17).A (18).B (19).A  (20)D(21).C(22).D(23).B(24).A (25).D主谓一致练习题1.Theold____welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was2.Thesecretaryandmanager____verybusynow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.Boththesecretaryandthemanager_____agreedtoattendthemeeting.A.hasB.haveC.areD.was4.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_____invitedtotheparty.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen5.EitheryouorI_____goingtotheteachers‘officeafterclass.A.amB.isC.areD.will6.Mostofhissparetime____spentinreading.A.areB.wereC.wasD.havebeen7.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat____appearedthisyear.A.havebeenB.hasC.hadbeenD.have8.Tenthousanddollars_____quitealargesum.A.areB.isC.wereD.have9.About20percentofthework____doneyesterday.A.areB.isC.wereD.was10.MrSmith，togetherwithhischildren，____arrived.A.areB.hasC.isD.have11.It____Iwho_____leavingforLondon.A.is…isB.am…isC.is…amD.am…am12.NotonlyTombutalsohiswife____fondofwatchingtelevision.A.areB.wereC.beD.is13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.精彩文档\n实用标准文案A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided14.Althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy，therest______.A.aredifficultB.hasproveddifficultC.issupposeddifficultD.havebeenfounddifficult15.Thattheywerewronginthesematters_____nowcleartousall.A.isB.wasC.areD.were16.Halfofhisgoods____stolentheotherday.A.areB.wereC.isD.was17.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe18.Eachofthestudents_____aChinese-Englishdictionary.A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare19.Theyeach____abeautifulhandkerchief.A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare20.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_____theteachingbuilding.A.standB.standsC.standingD.are21.Thispairofshoes____madeinNanjing.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hadbeen22.Nooneexceptmyparents_____anythingaboutit.A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.haveknown23.Anumberofstudents_____fromthesouth.A.areB.isC.haveD.has24.Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorth____small.A.areB.isC.haveD.has25.Writingstoriesandarticles_____whatIenjoymost，A.isB.areC.wasD.were26.His“SelectedPoems”_____firstpublishedin1965.A.wereB.wasC.hasbeenD.are27.MissSmithisafriendof______.A.Mary‘smother’sB.Mary‘smotherC.Mother’sofMaryD.Marymother‘s28.Agooddealofmoney____spentonbooks.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen29.Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging30._____turngreeninspring.A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves31.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvices精彩文档\n实用标准文案32.Allbutone____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were33.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty，butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were；wasB.was；wasC.was；wereD.were；were34.Theairinbigcities_____verydirtybyfactories.A.areoftenmadeB.isoftenmadeC.haveoftenmadeD.hasoftenmade35.Nobody____tosmokeinthecinema.A.allowsB.allowC.isallowedD.areallowed36.TheChinesepeople_____hard-workingandbrave.A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.arebeing37.____canbedone_____beendone.A.All；haveB.Allthat；haveC.All；hasD.Allthat；has38.Johnhastwobrothers，buteither____outofworknow.A.areB.isC.hasD.have39.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching40.Applesofthiskind____.A.tastesgoodB.tasteswellC.tastegoodD.tastewell41.Yourtrousers____dirty，youmusthave_____washed.A.is；itB.are；itC.are；themD.is；them42.Where____rubbish，thereareflies.A.thereareB.thereisC.isD.therehas43.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.A.is；fourB.are；fourC.is；fiveD.are；five44.Manyaman_____cometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are45.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is46.Three-fourthsofthehomework_____today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished47.Thosewho____in____compositions，pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.A.hasn‘thanded；hisB.haven’thanded；theirC.hashanded；theirD.havehanded；his48.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho_____bytheirteacher.A.arepraisedB.ispraisedC.praisedD.praising49.Thewholeclass_____theteacherattentively.A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening精彩文档\n实用标准文案50.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica_____oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereKEY：1-5BABAA6-10CDBDB11-15CDABA16-20BCBAB21-25ABABA26-30BADBD31-35BDCBC36-40ADBBC41-45CBBBD46-50BBAAA主谓一致专项练习一单项选择：1.Eatingvegetables______goodforourhealth.A.isB.areC.wereD.was2.Morethanoneperson_______madethesuggestion.A.wasB.hasC.wereD.have3.Ithink______ofthematerialsIlistenedtoatthebeginningoftheexam______easy.A.twothirds;isB.secondthree;areC.twothirds;areD.twothird;are4.NeitheryounorLinHua_______totheGreatWallbefore.A.hadbeenB.hasgoneC.hasbeenD.havebeen5.Thewriterandteacher______comingnow.A.isB.areC.hasD.have6.Something_____gonewrongwithmyTVset.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are7.Nothingbutgrassandtrees_______thehill.A.coversB.coverC.coveringD.arecovering8.Physics______moreinterestingthanMaths,Ithink.A.areB.isC.wasD.were9.Eachstudentandeachteacher______toseethefilm.A.goB.wishC.areD.wants10.EitherTomorI______toblame.A.tobeB.amC.areD.is11.There______adesk,twobedsandfourchairsintheroom.A.isB.areC.hasD.have12.Lucy,togetherwithhertwobrothers,often_______totheparkonSundays.A.goB.goesC.aregoingD.isgoing13.There______apairofshoesonthefloor.Theshoes______mine.A.are;isB.is;isC.is;areD.are;are14.Noneofthatmoneyonthetable______mine.A.isB.areC.beenD.have15.—Couldyougetmeapiano,Mum?—There______enoughroomforoneinourhome.A.isB.areC.isn’tD.aren’t16.ThefamilyIamstayingwith_______veryfriendly.A.isB.areC.wasD.were17.Ourteam______theWorldCup!A.haswonB.havewonC.arewonD.iswon精彩文档\n实用标准文案18.Ourcountry_______greatchangesinthelast30years.A.experienceB.experiencesC.hasexperiencedD.experiencing19.Thepolice_______havingameetingintheirofficeattenyesterday.A.isB.areC.wasD.were20.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____50,butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were21.Alibrarywith5000books_____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered22.ItoldhimwhatIwassurprised______hisattitudetowardshisstudy.A.isB.wasC.atisD.atwas23.Onthewall______twolargeportraits(肖像).A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.arehung24.Allthatcanbedone________.A.hasbeendoneB.hasdoneC.havedoneD.weredone25.Thesingerandthedancer______cometothemeeting.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is26.Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook;therest______moredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were27.Thewounded(伤员)_______bythehospital.A.hastakeninB.hasbeentakeninC.havetakeninD.havebeentakenin28.Thefollowing_______someotherexamples.A.areB.isC.wasD.were29.Thewholeclass_______theteacherattentively(认真地).A.arelisteningB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningtoD.islistening30.“All_______presentandall_______goingonwell,”ourmanagersaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are31.Therich________notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have32.Heistheverythiefthatthepolice________.A.isafterB.islookingC.areafterD.arelooking33.Thethirdandlastchapter(章节)_______byProfessorChen.A.arewrittenB.arewritingC.iswrittenD.iswriting34.Onethirdofthestudentsinourschool_______girlstudents.A.isB.areC.wasD.were35.Manyawriterofnewspaperarticles________towritingnovels.A.hasturnedB.haveturnedC.beingturnedD.aregoingtoturn36.Noneofyourprojects________.A.workingoutB.workoutC.isworkedoutD.workedout37.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_______agoodhabit.A.isB.areC.wereD.was38.Idon’tthinkonehundereddollars_______abigsumofmonnytohim.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.isD.are39.Neitherofyoursuggestions________sense.(makesense:有意义；说得通)精彩文档\n实用标准文案A.makesB.makeC.ismadeD.aremade40.Yourtrousers_______dirty;youmusthave______washed.A.is;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them二用所给词的正确形式填空:1.______(be)everythingOK?2.Nobody_______(know)theanswerstothequestion.3.Tendividedbytwo________(be)five.4.Mostofthedrinkingwater_______(be)fromtheBlackRiver.5.NotonlyshebutalsoI_______(do)morningexerciseseveryday.6.Eitheryouorhe______(have)madeawrongdecision.7.Thefamily_______(be)spendingtheweekendtogether.8.Breadandbutter______(be)herdailybreakfast.9.Thepolice_______(be)tryingtocatchthethief.10.Thenumberoftheteachersintheschool______(be)120.参考答案：一1——5ABCCA6——10AABDB11——15ABCAC16——20BACBC21——25ADBAB26——30ADACC31——35ACCBA36——40CACAC二1is2knows3is4is5do6has7are8is9are10is精彩文档