初中--英语语法介词用法讲解与练习 8页

~介词1．表示时间的介词：at,in,on,before,to,from,by,till,until,after,for,since等。2．表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next,to,in,infrontof,on,outof,at,above,over,into,near,between,under,up,across,by,down,from,around,behind,beside等3．表示原因，理由的介词：for,as,at,from等4．表示方式的介词：on,in,by,with等。常用介词辨析1．表示时间的in,on,at,after1)in的用法。用于早晨、下午、傍晚。Inthemorning/afternoon/evening用于月、年、季节等。InMarch,in1986,inspring用于一段时间后。Inaweek,inayear’stime,intwohours2)on的用法用于具体某一天。Onmybirthday,onthemorningofnextFriday,onJune6,onSunday,onNewYear’sDay用于描述性的时间。Onacoldnight,onawinterday3)at的用法用于具体的钟点。At12o’clock,athalfnine用于固定的搭配。Atlunch,atnight,atbreakfast,atnoon,atChristmas,atweekends,atthattime4)after表示在一点时间以后。Aftertwelveo’clock2.表示的地点的in,on,atin指大地方，at是小地点，in表示的是体，on表示的是面，at表示的是点。in可指内部，on可指“在…之上”Therearesixwindowsinthewall.墙上有6扇窗子。Therearefivepicturesonthewall.墙上贴着5幅画。3.表示方位的on,over,under,above,below.1）on,over,above指上方；under,below指下方；on指物体接触。2）over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。Therewillbetwobridgesovertheriver.河上将有两座桥。4.between,amongBetween指两者之间,among指三者或三者以上。5.across,over,throughAcross表示从这一边到另一边的横过,over表示从空间通过,through则表示从内部空间穿过。Canyouswimacrossthelake?你能游泳过湖吗？6.with,in,byWith后跟工具,in后跟语言、材料等,by跟某种方式。Icanwritewithapen.我能用笔写。7.看似相同，但意义有别的词组。~~~\n~Atschool在上学Attheschool在学校Infrontof在…前边（外部）Inthefrontof在…前部（内部）Inclass在课上Intheclass在这个班Inbed在睡觉Inthebed在床上Inhospital住院Inthehospital在医院里Gotoschool去上学Gototheschool去学校用适当的介词填空1)Heknowseverything______________theschool.2)Heusuallygoesoutforawalk________lunch.3)Ihavelunch_________halfpasteleven.4)Pleaselook________theblackboard.5.Theywork____________8:00___________16:00.5)Whendotheygetup_________themorning?6)Willwego____________busor_________foot?7.Wehavelearnedalot_________you.7)Thecupwasbroken_________her.8)Whereareyou________?I’m_________Beijing.9)Weareworking_________thepeople.10)Itistime_________breakfast.11)Classbegins_________nine.12)Wecome______________differentpartsofAmerica.13)Shelives________herfather.14)Sheoftengetsup_________halfpastsix________themorning.15)Westayhere_________sixmonths.16)Youareleaving__________Shanghai.17)Hewasborn____________1986.18)Weusuallyhavemeetings___________Saturdayafternoon.19)Beijingisthecapital_________china.20)Haveacup_____________coffeeplease.21)XiaoLiwasborn___________March25,1991.I.介词的种类　1. 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without,to,by,with,of,over,behind,up,after,against等。　2. 复合介词，如, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。　3.介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系　　(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, keep away from, care about等。　　(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at　　(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for,  visit to等.***介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。II.某些介词的意义与用法区别~~~\n~1. at, on, in(表时间):at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子　　A.at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如：　　at five o’clock （五点），at daybreak （天亮），at noon （中午）），at midnight （半夜），at the beginning of the month （月初）， at that time （那时），at that moment （那会儿），at this time of day （在一天的这个时候）。　B. in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如：　　　　in 2006（2006年），in May，2004 （2004年五月），in the morning （早晨/上午），in the afternoon （下午），in the evening （晚上），in the night （夜晚），in the daytime （白天），in the 21st century （21世纪），in three days （weeks/month）三天（周/个月），in a week （一周），in spring （春季）。C. on后跟某日，星期几，某日的朝夕，节日等,即具体某一天极其早\中、晚.　　　on Sunday （星期日），on a warm morning in April （四月的一个温暖的上午），on a December night （12月的一个夜晚），on that afternoon （那天下午），on the following night （下一个晚上），on Christmas afternoon （圣诞节下午），on October 1，1949 （1949年10月1日），on NewYear’sDay.(特别提示):在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词2. between, among(表位置)“在…..之间”　A.between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也可用between, 如　I’m sitting between Tom and Alice.B.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.3.beside, besides,except　beside意为"在…旁边"，He sat beside me.besides意为"除…之外",包括在内。　What do you want besides this?except意为"除…之外",不包括在内TheygotoworkinaweekexceptSaturday.4.in the tree, on the tree　in the tree ,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上，on the tree ,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西5.on the way,by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上,onone’swayto.....by the way 指顺便问一句in this way 用这样的方法,inthatway,inotherway,intheseways6.by bus, on the busby bus 是一般说法,固定搭配, on the bus 特指乘某一辆车7.across,through,和past“通过,经过”across从表面经过,如,road,bridge,riverthrough从内部空间经过,如:city,woods,forests,window,gatepast,从旁边经过.EX:Fillintheblankswithacrossorthrough.~~~\n~1.Wehavetowalk____________thegatetogointothefactory.2.Whenwewent__________thecinema,wesawatrafficaccident.3.Lookout___________thewindow,please.4.Don’twalk__________theice.It’sdangerous.5.Suddenly,ayoungmanran__________me.6.Ifyouwalk_________thesquare,youwillseetheSunflowerHotel.7.Therivergoes______________thecity.8.Theoldmancanswim__________thestream.9.Iwalked_________himwithoutsayinghello.10.Thearmymoved_____________theforestsquietly.8.on,above,over,“在…上”,up,A.on指在某物表面上,有接触点abookonthetableB.over指在某物垂直上方,无接触点,也可指覆盖在某物上,与under相对aclothoverthetable,afanoverthetableC.above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方反义词为below,Thetemperaturetodayisabovezero.今天气温零度以上.D.up表示在往上的方向反义词downlookuptothesky抬头看天空11.in,after  “……以后”A.“in+段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后,用在将来时态中.,常回答howsoon的提问.B.“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后,相当于一段时间+laterMymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays.Hearrivedafterfivemonths.  =Hearrivedfiveminuteslater.12.by,with,in,on表示方式,手段,工具，A.by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具,或跟V-ing形式.B.with表示用…工具,C.in表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、颜色)等D.on表示通过媒介,onthetelephone,ontheradio,onTVEg:HelearnedJapanesebylisteningtotheradio.WeChinesehavemealswithchopsticks.ThenoveliswritteninEnglish.Ex:Fillintheblankswithby,withorin,on1.Isentthemessagetohim_________email.2.Thepupilswrite_________pencils.3.Doyouknowthemeaningofword_______Chinese?4.Themanclimbeduptothetree_________aladder.5.Theysolvedtheproblem_________communicating.6.Thewomanwascrying________alowvoice.7.Theoldmanoftengetsnews______theradio..~~~\n~8.Weoftencutthings_________aknife.9.Heimprovedhiswritingskill________keepingdiaries.10.Mygrandpacansingsomesongs_______Russian.13.放在地点之前的介词:at,in,onA.at  (1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在……附近，旁边”B.in  (1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在…范围之内”。C.on  表示毗邻，接壤D.to  表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤III.介词的其他一些用法.1.as,作为.Englishisusedasamotherlanguage.2.at,在…旁边,Theboyissittingatthedoor.3.but,除了.Hehasnothingbutmoney.4.like,象,如同.Helookslikemybestfriend.5.till,until,直到…,在…以前.Wedidn’tgohometillfiveyesterday.6.with,有，带着。I’dlikesomecoffeewithsugar.7.by,在….附近Theylivebyariver.8.短语介词:thanksto,becauseof,inspiteof,insteadof一.选择最佳答案(表示时间关系的介词).1.TheplanearrivedatLondonairport______Wednesday.A.onB.atC.inD.for2.Whatdoyouusuallydo________Christmas?A.onB.atC.inD.for3.Thefirstclassbegins_______8o’clock______themorning.A.at/onB.at/inC.on/inD.on/on4.________lastSaturday,wehadhadtwofootballmatcheswithClassTwo.A.ForB./C.ByD.During5.WewillbeinNanjing_____Tuesday______Thursday.A.on/throughB.on/toC.from/toD.on./till6.MrBlackwillvisitournewschoolbuilding______twodays.A.beforeB.afterC.atD.in7._______theendoflastspringWangHaijoinedthearmy_______theend.A.At/atB.By/inC.In/atD.At/in8.Wewillhaveafootballmatch_____thisSaturdayafternoon..A.onB./C.inD.for9.Hecametoseeyou_____theeveningofMay10th.A.inB.atC.onD.for10.I’mafraidIgaveyoualotoftrouble________mystayhere.A.inB.forC.duringD.on11.Thesupermarketisopen______midnight.A.atB.onC.tillD./~~~\n~1.Daysarelonger______summerthan___________winter.A.in/inB.in/onC.from/toD.to/in19.________NewYear’sevepeopleusuallydon’tgotobeduntilmidnight.A.AtB.OnC.ForD.In20.TomandPaulusuallywatchTV______weekends.A.atB.inC.forD./21.Everydaytheoldmantakesthesechildrenhome_____school.A.atB.toC.fromD.after22.Couldyoucometomyoffice________thedayaftertomorrow.A./B.onC.inD.at23.Wehadbuiltthreebridgesovertheriver_______theendof1994.A.atB.onC.forD.by24.Lifewillbebetter_____the21stcentury.A.atB.onC.forD.in25.Doyouoftenworklate_____night.A.atB.inC.forD.during二.选择最佳答案(表示地点运动方向的介词).1.Thereisabridge________theriver.A.underB.overC.onD.next2.Therearemanybeautifulbirds______thetree.A.onB.atC.inD.besides3.Myhouseis_____thetwobuildings,sowegetlittlesunshineduringtheday.A.betweenB.amongC.inD.at4.Lucyiswaiting_____No.3busstop________herfather.A.for/forB.for/atC.at/forD.at/at5.Isthereanythinginteresting________today’snewspaper?A.inB.onC.atD./6.Canyoutellmewhospoke________themeeting?A.atB.alongC.inD.for7.Myunclelives______208SmithStreet.A.atB.onC.toD.with8.Atlastwereachesthevillage______thehill.A.atthefootofB.atfootC.onfootofD.inthefootfrom9.Shanghaiis_______theeastofChinaandJapanis_______theeastofChina.A.to/toB.to/inC.in/toD.in/in10.________theendofthestreetyoucanfindthepostoffice.A.ByB.AtC.OnD.In11.Doyouoftenlisten________theprogrammes________theradio.A.to/ofB.to/inC.to/onD.on/to12.Pleasewait________theoffice.Don’tcomeinuntilyouarecalled.A.inB.intoC.insideD.outside13.AreyougoingtoleaveGuangzhou__________Beijing?~~~\n~A.forB.toC.fromD.in1.Thereisahole_______thewall.A.inB.atC.forD.towards2.Canyoutellmetheway______ShanghaiZoo?A.toB.atC.forD.towards二.选择最佳答案(注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词)1.Thankyou_______yourcoming.A.toB.ofC.byD.for2.Hespentalongtime______themathsproblem.A.inB.onC.forD.at3.MrLiisgoingtohelphim________hisChinesethisafternoon.A.withB.onC.byD.at4.Howmuchdidyoupay________thisbook?A.forB.atC.onD.with5.Pleasetranslatethesentence______English.A.intoB.toC.atD.for6.Pleasefillthebottle_______tea.A.byB.withC.forD.in7.Themachinescutbigpiecesofmetal____smallpieces.A.inB.byC.toD.into12.Youcanborrowthebook________yourschoollibrary.A.fromB.toC.forD.at13.Iprefercoffee_______tea.A.overB.toC.forD.than14.Wouldyoushowme________yourfactory?A.toB.inC.atD.round15.Helpyourself_______somefish.Ittastesverynice.A.withB.onC.inD.to16.Theyhaven’tdecided________thedateforthenextmeeting.A.forB.byC.inD.on17.Letmeintroduceher_______you.A.withB.onC.toD.for18.LiLingfell_____hisbicyclethismorningA.onB.downC.offD.to19.Ishouted______her,butshididn’thearme.A.toB.atC.onD.for20.Tomhasmadefriends_____manyChinesestudents.A.withB.toC.byD.among三.选择最佳答案(注意介词的习惯用法)1.Canyoufindouttheanswer__________thesequestions?A.ofB.forC.toD.with2.__________hishelp,IpassedtheEnglishtestyesterday.~~~\n~A.UnderB.OfC.WithD.by1.Don’tforgettobringyourtextbook______you.A.inBafterC.withD.to2.Thepeoplearewaiting____thebus,andtheyatestanding____line.A.for/onB.for/inC.at/onD.at/in3.Canyousingthissong_____English?A.withB.inC.byD.for4.Whoistheboy_____bluetrousers?A.inB.onC.withD.at5.Hedecidedtogetsomemedicine_______hiscold.A.toB.ofC.onD.for6.Thebaby’ssleeping.Don’tspeak_______suchaloudvoice.A.withB.inC.onD.at7.Chinaisalargecountry_______alonghistory.A.forB.inC.byD.with8.Wecan’tliveevenforafewminutes______air.A.inB.withoutC.byD.with9.Thesoldiersarestanding__________arow.A.inB.onC.byD.with10.Shealwaysserveshercustomers_______asmile.A.inB.withC.byD.on11.Don’tread_____thesun.It’sbad_________youreyes.A.under/ofB.in/towardsC.in/forD.under/for12.Howmanystudentsgotoschool_____foot?A.byB.inC.onD.with13._______hisgreatsurprise,theexperimenthasturnedoutasuccess.A.InB.ToC.WithD.At14.Thegirl______darkhairandbrighteyesisLiLi.A.withB.inC.onD.by15.Youcancookafish______manyways.A.inB.byC.withD.for16.Fangfang,hereisaletter______you.It’s________yourbrother.A.from/toB.for/toC.for/fromD.for/for~~~