初中英语介词用法详解与练习 10页

定义：介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。※一、表示时间的介词：1)in,on，at在……时in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inthenight,inone’slife,inone’sthirties等。on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。如onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof…,attheageof…,atChristmas，atnight,atnoon,atthismoment等。注意：在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词。如：Wemeeteveryday.“at时间点，有on必有天，in指月季年，也和色相连”就是说，有具体的时间点的时候用at，具体那一天用on，说到月份，季节，年份，就用in；而且说谁穿了什么颜色的衣服的时候，也是用inXX（color）】at用于某一具体时刻或重大节日之前①在五点钟______②在中午________③在夜晚________④在圣诞节________⑤在午夜_________(2)on用在具体某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上之前①在国庆节_________②在周二晚上_________③在星期天_________(3)in用在周、日、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前①在一周内_________②在五月_________③在夏季_________④在2009年_________⑤在下午_________归纳总结在初中阶段常见的固定短语inEnglish用英语inaminute一会儿、立刻inashortwhile一会儿、不久inahurry匆匆忙忙indanger在危险中infull全部地、详细地inaword一句话inall总共ineverycase不管怎样intheend最后inspiteof尽管inperson亲自\ninfact事实上ingoodhealth身体健康的infrontof在……前面insomeways在某些方面incommon共同的inpublic当众☆考题再现：---WhowasthefirstmanwithA(h1n1)fluinmainlandChinaknowforsure?---________May11,2009.AInBOnCForDSince2、before、afterbefore表示“在某时刻或某件事之前”，after用在时刻或某件事之后。①Wemustleave______.八点钟之前我们必须离开。（before8o’clock）②________breakfast,hehurriedtoschool.早餐后，他匆忙上学去了。（After）☆考题再现：Whentheschoolbiuldingbegantoshake,theteachersrandownstdirs_____allthestudents.Theteachersarerealhero.A.afterB.withC.befor【解析】after“在……之后”，with“与……一起”，before“在……之前”。老师们是英雄，说明老师们在地震后跑在了学生之后。3、by、until、till（1）by表示“在……之前，到……为止”Youmusthandinyourhomework______nineo’clock.你必须在9点前交上家庭作业。（by）（2）till与until都有“直到……”或“直到……为止”之意，till多用于口语，且不能放在句首，till和until用于肯定句时，主句中动词的动作一致延续到till或until后的时间为止；till和until用于否定句时，主句中的动词是瞬间动作，它的动作要到till或until后的时间才发生。Eg：①Hecannotbeback_____January.直到一月份他才回来。（till/until）②Wewaited_____10o’clocklastnight.昨晚我们一直等到10点钟。（till/until）4．Of,about,onOf仅指“关于”人或事物的存在。Hespokeofthefilmtheotherday.Hethoughtofthematteryesterday.About指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。It’sabookforchildrenaboutAfricaandit’speople.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourself?On指“关于”学术性的或严肃性的，供专门研究用的。It’satextbookonhistoryofChina.5、in，after两者都有“在一段时间之后”之意，但“in+时间段”表示时间从现在算起，常用语将来时态；而“after+时间段/时间点”表示的时间从过去算起，多用于过去式。Eg：（1）Iwillfinishthework_____twohours.两个小时后我将完成这项工作。（2）Hereturnedhishometown_________halfanyear.半年后他返回了他的故乡。【考题再现】Nohurry.Thebuswillarrive_______tenminutes.A.atB.forC.inD.by\n【解析】在将来时中，in用在一段时间之前，表示在一段时间之后。故选C※二、表示地点的介词：表示方位的介词：in、on、toIn表示“在…内”，on表示“与…相邻”，to表示“在…之外，又不相邻”①AisinthenortheastofB.②AisonthewestofB.③BistotheeastofA.【考题再现】Taiwanisabeautifulislandandit’s_____eastofFujian.A.inB.onC.to【解析】在表示方位时，in表在内部，on表相邻，to表在外部，又不相邻。台湾在附件的外部，与福建隔海相望。2、表示“在…之上或之下”的介词above,over,on在……上above指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对；over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on表示某物体上面并与之接触。Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Heputhiswatchonthedesk.3)below,under在……下面under表示在…正下方below表示在……下，不一定在正下方Thereisacatunderthetable.Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.Mypencil-caseis_____LiLei’sdesk.我的铅笔盒在李磊的课桌上。Thereisabridge_____theriver.河上有座桥。Theplaneisflying_____theclouds.飞机在云层上飞行。①Pleasedonotwrite_____thisline.请不要写在这条线的下面。③Thewaterflows_____thebridge.水在桥下流过。【考题再现】Theweatherreportsaidthatthetemperaturewouldfell_____(在…下面)zero.【解析】“在…下面”可用below或under，表示在温度的上方或下方用above（上）或Below（下）。3、表示在某地的介词：at、in、on\nat—表示较小的地点，in—表示较大的地方，on—表示在一个平面上。Eg：①_____Shanghai.②_____home.③_____ground.【考题再现】Tomtoldmehisparentshadarrived_____Beijing.A.atB.onC.inD.to【解析】arrive后接两个介词in或at，at接小地方，in接大地方。北京是大地方，4、表示“前、后”的介词⑴infrontof，inthefrontof，before表示“在…之前”infrontof=before表示“在某一范围之外的前面”inthefrontof表示“在某一范围之内的前部”eg：①Tomisshortandalwayssits_____theclassroom.汤姆很矮，一直坐在教室的前面。②Thereisatree_____myhouse.我的房前有棵大树。⑵atthebackof,behind,after三者均有“在…之后”之意，atthebackof是inthefrontof的反义词，表示“在某一范围之内的后部”，behind是infrontof的反义词，表示“在某一范围之外的后面”，After可与behind互换，也可以用于表示运动的词词后面。Eg：①Thecouplesarewalking_____theirson.这对夫妇跟在他们的儿子后面散步。②Yourcatis_____thetree.你的猫躲在树后面。③There’sablackboard_____theclassroom.教室后面有块黑板。【考题再现】Thereisabank_____（在…后面）thebusstation.【解析】在某一物体外部的后面，5、表示“里外”的介词⑴in表示“在…内”，有静止之意，inside表示“在…里面”、“到…里面”，强调“以…为界”之意，into表示动作的方向，意为“到…内”。Eg：①Mywalletis_____thecloset.我的钱包在衣柜里。②Theboyrushed_____thehouse.这个男孩冲进房子。③HewasreadingEnglish_____thedoor.他在家里读英语。⑵outside是inside的反义词，表示“在…外面”，outof是into的反义词，表示“到…外”。Eg：①Don’tlook_____thewindowwhenyouareinclass.上课时不要想窗外看。②Theyarehavinganimportantmeeting,pleasewait_____theoffice.他们正在召开一个重要的会议，请在办公室外边等候。6.from,to,for,into,outof1)from从…..ThetrainstartedfromParis.ShewillflyfromBeijingtoHK.2)to到….（目的地）去，向…..\nHewenttoGuangzhoulastyear.Theygottothetownverylate.3)for向…..，表目的方向HeleftforTianjinonbusinessyesterday.ThetrainforShanghaihasbeenaway.Towards,to和for都可表示方向，其区别如下：Towards仅指朝向某个方向，不一定是目的地，而to和for都是“向目的地”。For作“向（目的地）时，常用于固定搭配中，如：leavefor,startfor4)into进入Pleaseputthewaterintothebottle.Theteachercameintotheclassroom.5)outof从…..出来Agirlinredwentoutoftheshop.Theypulledhimoutofthewater.※三、其他介词1、表示材料与手段的介词：with,by,in⑴with表示用什么工具，所用的东西都是具体的物。Eg：Wesee_____oureyesandhear_____ears.我们用眼看，用耳听。⑵by指“靠…手段”，“用…方法”，“凭借…动作”，所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象，后接名词、代词或动名词，也可和bus、plane、bike等表示交通手段的名词连用。Eg：①Heearnshisliving_____writing.他靠写作谋生。②Ishallcontactyou_____telephone.我将打电话和你联系。③IwilltraveltoHainan______air.我将乘飞机去海南。【考题再现】LinLinoftenpracticesEnglish_____chattingwithherAmericanfriend.A.inB.byC.forD.with【解析】by后接动名词常表示使用某种方法或通过某种途径。⑶in表示“所用材料以及所用的语言、声音、衣饰等”eg：①Theyaretalking_____Japanese.他们正用日语交谈。②Theboyalways_____ablueheat.男孩常带一顶蓝帽。③Iliketodrawpicture_____redink.我喜欢用红墨水画画。【考题再现】Betlylet’smakeacake_____someflour,sugar,butterandmilk.A.atB.ofC.inD.with【解析】根据句意“Betly让我们用面粉、糖、黄油、牛奶做面包”可知，空格部分介词为用，With指工具或材料，2、of,from,aboutOf表示“属于…的”，表示数量或种类；from表示“是哪里人”以及时间或时间的起点来自；about“关于…”、“大约、左右”等。Eg：①Theoldmansithere_____morning.从早晨起老人就坐在这儿。\n②WangHongisafriend_____mine.王红是我的一位朋友。③Iknownothing_____him.我对他一无所知。④Thereare_____fiftypeopleintheroom.房间里大约有50人。⑤Hereisacup_____teaforyou.给你一杯茶。⑥Thesevisitorsareall_____American.这些游客都来自美国。【考题再现】Igotane-mailthismorning.Itwas_____myforeignfriend,Tony.【解析】befrom意为“来自”，表明主语的出处。※四、几个已混介词的用法辨析1)表示“在……之间”的介词：between,amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间；among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。①Myschoolis_____thepostofficeandthehospital.我的学校在邮局和医院之间。②Ifoundhim_____thecrowd.我从人群中发现了他。【考题再现】Youmustrideyourbike_____therightsideofroad.A.atB.onC.inD.forThereisafootballmatchbetweenClassOneandClassTwoontheplayground.Theteacherisstandingamongthestudents.2)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；with表示用…工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；in表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；Hemakesalivingbysellingnewspapers.Hebrokethewindowwithastone.TheforeignerspoketousinEnglish.※五、含有介词的固定搭配1、介词与动词dowellin在某方面做的好dowith处置agreewithsb.同意某人beginwith以…开始laughat嘲笑helpwith在…方面帮助leavefor动身去某地catchupwith赶上geton/alongwith与…相处arrivein/at到达make　friendwith与…交朋友takecareof照顾、照料lookat看listento听hearfrom听说lookfor寻找turnon/off打开/关上sendfor派人去请lookafter照看、照料puton穿上payfor为…付钱lookover检查dependonwaitfor等候\n依赖、依靠fillwith充满askfor要，要求【考题再现】——Whatwouldyoudo_____thelostlibararybook?——Iwouldbytofinditorpay_____it.A.for,toB.about,forC.with,forD.with,to【解析】本题考查的是介词的固定搭配。dowith意为“处置”、“对付”，payfor“为…付钱”2、介词和形容词的固定搭配besatisfiedwithsb.对某人感到满意beweakin在某方面差begood/badfor对…有益/有害belatefor迟到bepleasedwithsb.对某人感到满意bebusywith忙于beangryatsth.因…而生气bemadeof由…制成beangryatsb.生某人的气begoodat在…方面做的好befullof充满bedifferentfrom与…不同bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格beproudof以…为荣【考题再现】Wemustbestrict_____ourselvesandstrict_____ourwork.A.in,withB.with,inC.in,inD.with,with【解析】本体考察的是介词和形容词搭配的固定短语。bestrictwithsb.意为“对某人要求严格”，对某事要求严格在strict后面接in3、介词与名词搭配intime及时atwork在工作ontime按时infact事实上athome在家atonce马上atnight晚上introuble处于困境onfoot步行onduty值日inahurry匆忙inthesun在阳光下巩固练习1.Taiwanis________thesoutheastofChina.（in,on,to）2.Go_________thebridge_________theriver,you’llfindtheshop.（across,through;over,above）3.Igotoschool__________7:30everymorning.（in,on,at）4.Hewouldliketomeether__________8:00and9:00tomorrowmorning.（between,\namong）5.TheGreenshavelivedinChina________threeyears.（in,for,after）6.Wegotoschooleveryday________SaturdayandSunday.（except,besides）7.Hewrotetheletter_________ink.（by,with,in）8.Shereturnedtohercountry_________fiveyears.（in,after,for）9.Thereisabigtree_________ourclassroom.（after,behind）10.Iusuallygotowork_________bike.（by,on,with）强化复习1Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on2-Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since4tiesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during5Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of6Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still7Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on21Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast2Wereturnedtoourhometown___.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek3Greatchangeshavetakenplace___.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear31Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at2____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For3Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of4Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in41HewenttoShanghai___September3,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.\nA.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;in2Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.A.onB.inC.atD.to3Mrs.BrowncametoChina____1996.A.onB.ofC.to,D.in4___themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourning___JoeHill.A.On;toB.In;ofC.On;forD.At;for5Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.A./;inB.to;inC.to;onD.in;in6Theystartedoff___anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on51Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to2Hearrived___Shanghai___9:30___March5.fA.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on3TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere____halfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.of4Thechildrengetup___6o'clock.A.atB.onC.duringD.in61Thedoctorworked___fivehours___arest.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;havingD.for;without2Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkeditout____myself____last.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe3Anewfactorywillbesetup___ayearslater.A.forB.inC.afterD.on4Twoyears___hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.inD.late5Wewillfinishthepictureaday.A.inB.onC.afterD.on6Theworkershadbeen____strike____almostamonth.A.on;inB.at;inC.on;forD.on;during7Mr.Brownhadlain____theground____fourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfoundhim.A.on;forB.at;inC.on;afterD.in;during71Theteacheriscomingback___anhour.A.afterB.forC.inD.before2Shelivedinthemountainvillage____theyears1940-1950.A.betweenB.duringC.inD.since3MissWangwillcometoBeijing____twodays.\nA.afterB.inC.onD.before4TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon____theend.A.byB.atC.inD.on87Maryhadfinishedherhomework____thetimeIgothome.A.untilB.byC.atD.when2Westayedatthelab___ourteacherreturned.A.tillB.byC.duringD.while3Theydidn'tleavethestation___theygetonthetrain.A.untilB.byC.afteryD.at91Don'tworry.Hewillreturn____.A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.longlongagoD.longago2Therelivedanoldman,fishingatsea____.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimeagoD.soon3Itwasnot_____theycameback.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimebeforeD.longafter4IwastoldthathisunclehadgonetoFrance.A.longbefore-B.shortlyafterC.beforelongD.longago101___Tomgetsupatfiveinthemorning.A.SometimeB.SometimesC.SometimeD.Sometimes2Irememberwemeteachother___lastyear.A.Sometime'B.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometimes3MaryandIhavebeentotheGreatWall,___.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes4HestudiedEnglishfor____inLondon,andthenhewenttoAmerica.A.sometimesB.sometimenewC.sometimeD.sometimes