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初中英语语法宾语从句讲解,专项练习及答案宾语从句小口诀:宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(做动词宾语)译:____________________________________HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(做动词宾语)译:____________________________________MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(做介词宾语)译:____________________________________2.连接词和语序(1).陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,口语中常常省略。e.g,Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.译:____________________________________(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序 eg,Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei. 注意:一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。 a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic. b.引导词及动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether. eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext. Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot? c.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g.Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?特殊情况::当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为特殊疑问词+doyouthink+陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句的限制,根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如:Doyouknow(if/whetherhehasseenthefilm)?译:_______________________________b.当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如:Ididn'tknow(if/whetherhehadseenthefilm.)译:_______________________________注意:当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如:Hesaid(thattheearthmovesroundthesun.)译:_______________________________第4页\nTheteachertoldus(thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.) 译:_______________________________4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句应转化为相应的人称“MayIuseyourknife?”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives?二、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语及从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。例如:Idon'tknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.→Idon'tknowwhichsweatertobuy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等后面带双宾语时,从句可以转化成“疑问词+不定式结构”,如:→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?4.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.点击中考1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell_______..A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowthewayC.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate2.---WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?----Sorry.Idon’tknow_______..A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad3.---MayIcomein?I’msorryIamlate.----Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme_______.?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool4.---Couldyoupleasetellme_______.?----BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum5.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_______..A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone第4页\n6.---Doyouknow_______.theCapitalMuseum?---NextFriday.A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisited7.Hewantedtoknow_______.theEnglishparty.A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhaveC.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhave8.Iwanttoknow_______..A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat9.---David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme_______.?----Heisadoctor.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis10.---Couldyoutellme_______.?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.---Sorry,I’venoidea.Buthe_______herejustnow.A.whereTim;wasB.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;wasD.whereTimis;is11.---DidMrs.Kingleaveamessage?---Yes.Shewantedtoknow_______thisSunday.A.whoyouwouldgoshoppingB.ifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherC.thatyouwillgoshoppingD.whenwillyougoshoppingwithher12.---I’mateenager’smother.SometimesIdon’tknow.----Loveandunderstanding.A.whatmysonneedsmostB.whatdoesmysonwanttogetC.whymysongetsannoyedveryoftenD.whydoesmysongetannoyedveryoften.13.---Iwonder_______.withoutwater----Aboutaweek.A.howlongmancanliveB.howlongcanmanliveC.whenmancanliveD.whencanmanlive宾语从句巩固练习参考答案点击中考参考答案1.参考答案A.我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣,但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。2.参考答案D.布朗先生什么时候回中国?抱歉。我不知道他会在国外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。3.参考答案A.我可以进来吗?很抱歉我迟到了。请进,但请你告诉我为什么又迟到了吗?宾语从句应该用陈述语序。4.参考答案D.你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆(我坐几路车能到河南博物馆)吗?宾语从句应该用陈述语序。5.参考答案D.第4页\n彼得说怀特一家正在度假,但没有人知道他们去了哪里。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。Theyhavebeento他们去过某个地方,现在已经回来了;theyhavegoneto他们去了某个地方,现在还没有回来。6.参考答案B.你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗?下周五。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。7.参考答案D.你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。当主句是一般过去时态的时候,宾语从句用相应的过去时态,宾语从句应该用陈述语序。8.参考答案A.我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。9.参考答案D.David,看那边那个穿白衣服的人,你能告诉我他是干什么的吗?他是医生。询问职业用what;宾语从句应该用陈述语序。10.参考答案C.你能告诉我蒂姆在哪里吗?班主任在找他。对不起,我不知道。但是他刚才在这里。动词tell后接的宾从应用陈述语序,justnow提示应该用was.11.参考答案B.金太太留口信了吗?是的,她想知道这个周日你是否跟她一起去购物。12.参考答案A.我是一个青少年的妈妈。有时我不知道我的儿子最需要什么。爱和理解。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。Loveandunderstanding.故用what.13.参考答案A.我想知道,没有水人能活多久。大约一周。Aboutaweek知询问应用howlong,宾语从句应该用陈述语序。第4页