初中英语语法讲解与练习【名词】 23页

1.1名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es读/z/baby---babies1.2其它名词复数的规则变化▲1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays2）以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos；b.加es，如：potato--potatoestomato--tomatoesc.上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros/zeroes。3）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s，如：belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs；b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halves第23页\nknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves；c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。1.3名词复数的不规则变化1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，li，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。第23页\n4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。1.4不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians第23页\n俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes【练习题】一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、monkey4、piano5、child6、shelf7、bed8、country9、family10、toy11、foot12、radio13、photo14、tomato15、woman16、knife17、sheep18、ship19、dish20、mouse21、tooth22、leaf______二、选择填空()1．Icanseethree________inthezoo.Amonkeys BmonkeyesCmonkey()2.Thepighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots()3.Mytwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen()4.Icanseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig()5.The_____hasthree______.第23页\nA.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches()6.Canyousee_______ontheplate?A.bread B.breads C.breades()7.Thegirloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth()8.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milk B.milks C.milkes()9.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.books()10..Lucywillshowussomenew____ofhers.A.photoB.photosC.photoes()11.Idranktwo______.A.bottlesofwaterB.bottleofwaterC.bottlesofwaters()12.Thecateatstwo_____lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse()13.Ineedapenandsome_____.A.books B.deskC.chair()14、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos()15.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish()16.Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches()17.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth()18.Our_____roomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers()19.Tom and Jim are ___.A:friends             B:friend            C:brother           D:sister第23页\n()20.How many_____do they have?A:picture            B: pictures         C:a picture三、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1>Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.2>These_______(tomato)arered.3>Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)4>Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).5>Chinese______(people)liketoeatnoodles.6>Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.7>Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.8>Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).9>Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.10>Peterhaseight_____(foot).11>Lindahasthree_______(tooth).12>Therearesome______(child)inthegarden.13>Myuncleandfatherare_____(man).14>TomandKingare_____(boy).　名词的所有格　　名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式,一种是在名词后+'s；另一种是用of,表示"……的"。　　1.(1)一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+'s。eg.Mr.Mott'srobot,children'sclothes　　 (2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+' eg.teachers'books　　 (3)两人共有的物体,则在第二个名词后+'s;第23页\n如果分别是两人所有,则在每个名词后面+'s。eg.LucyandLily'sroom.(指两人共住一个房间)　　          MrsGreen'sandMrsBrown'sson.(指两人各自的儿子)　　 (4)表示某具体场所时,所有格后面的名词可省略　　     eg.thedoctor's(office)   Mr.White's　　2.(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。　　   eg.thewalloftheclassroom，apictureofthebedroom，　　 (2)名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。　　    eg.alongstoryofa50-year-oldman　　(4) 双重所有格 eg.afriendofhis, thebignoseofTom's　　(5) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加's来构成所有格。　　eg.tenminutes'walk,today'snewspaper第23页\n　　例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！　　1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.　　 A.ideas  B.photos  C.news  D.stories　　 解析:much是用来修饰不可数名词的,ABD三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式,C项为不可数名词,因此选C.　　2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.　　 A.orange,orange         B.oranges,oranges　　 C.oranges,orange        D.orange,oranges　　解析:orange有两种含义,一种可数名词橘子,另一种是不可数名词橘汁,此题第一空应填可数名词,第二空填不可数名词,因此选C。　　3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________to hishome.　　 A.25minutes'walk           B.25minute'swalk第23页\n　　 C.25minutewalk             D.25minuteswalk　　解析:句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+',而不能+s,因此选A。　　4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.　　 A.people     B.person    C.thepeople   D.theperson　　解析:person及people都有"人"的意思,但用法不同."一个人"用"aperson",　　"两个人"用"twopersons";people泛指"人们"是集合名词,表示复数,thepeople指"人民",apeople指"一个民族".应选B。　　5.Helpyourselfto__________.　　 A.chickensandapples                B.chickensandapple　　 C.chickenandapple                  D.chickenand第23页\napples　　解析:chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选D。　　6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.　　 A.room'snumber     B.rooms'number    C.roomnumbers     D.rooms'numbers　　解析:roomnumber房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有myphsicsteacher, twobusdrivers等. 应选C。　　7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.　　 A.family      B.house     C.home      D.room　　解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room指的是房间;而home指的是家,因此选C.　　8.________motherscouldn'tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.第23页\n　　 A.MaryandPeter's             B.MaryandPeter　　 C.Mary'sandPeter             D.Mary'sandPeter's　　解析:此句中"mothers"是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。　　9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.　　 A.heruncle   B.heruncle's    C.heruncles         D.aunt's　　解析:此句意为"李雷这个去她舅舅家多次".表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.　　因此选B。　　10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn't________inteaching.　　  A.manyexperiences         B.muchexperience　　  C.anexperience             D.alotexperience第23页\n　　解析:experience 作"经验"讲时是不可数名词,作"经历"讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为"经验",因此是不可数名词,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选B。　　11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.　　  A.you       B.your        C.yoursister        D.yoursister's　　解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。　　12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.　　  A.Frenchmen,Germans       B.Germans,Frenchmans 　　  C.Frenchmans,Germen       D.Germen,Frenchmen　　解析: Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.　　13.Theteam________ havingameeting.　　  A.is       B.are        C.第23页\nam         D.be　　解析:team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选B。　　14."Wouldyoulike_________?"   "________,please."　　A.drink,Threecoffees         B.acupofdrink,Coffees　　C.adrink,Acoffee            D.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees　　解析:drink和coffee是不可数名词,可以用…of来表示数量,eg,threecupsofcoffee,　　当前面加a时,则表示　"一杯"．因此选C。　　15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.　　  A.earthandstone,millionsof         B.earthsandstones,millions　　  C.theearthandstone,millionof       D.theearthsandstones,millions第23页\n　　解析：earth是不可数名词，因此删除BD,数以百万的应为millionsof.　　因此选A。【练习及巩固】　　选择最佳答案：　　1．Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.　　A.child,lives    B.children,life    C.children,lives   D.child,life　　2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.　　 ---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!　　 A.myfatherandmother            B.mymotherandfather's　　 C.mymother'sandfather's          D.myfather'sandmymother　　3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.　　  A.ClassThird    B.ThirdClass    C.第23页\nClassThree     D.Threeclass　　4.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.　　 A.Teachers      B.Teachers'      C.theTeachers'      D.Teacher's　　5.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.　　 A.halfanhours'   B.halfanhour's    C.halfanhour     D.anhourandahalf　　6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?　　 ---_________,please.　　 A.Twocupofcoffee      B.Twocupsofcoffe　　 C.Twocupsofcoffee     D.Twocupsofcoffees　　7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.　　 A.fun        B.wishes      C.interest      D.thanks第23页\n　　8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.　　 A.child       B.boy      C.boys       D.childs　　9.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.　　 A.twoweeks   B.two-weeks   C.twoweeks'    D.twoweek's　　10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.　　 A.visitor     B.visitors       C.visitor's         D.visitors'　　11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?　　 ---Therearetwo___________.　　  A.hundreds     B.hundred      C.hundredof     D.hundredsof　　12.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?　　  ---Itsoundsreallywonderful.第23页\n　　 A.subject     B.music     C.book      D.animal　　13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.　　 A.place       B.room     C.field       D.ground　　14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingit　　A.Wool      B.Pork      C.Mutton       D.Milk　　15.Ifyoudon'ttakemore________,you'llgetfat.　　A.medicine   B.lessons    C.photos     D.exercise　　16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.　　  A.minute     B.minutes'   C.minutes's    D.minutes　　17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!　　 A.agoodnews   B.somegoodnews   C.some第23页\ngoodnewes  D.muchgoodnews　　18.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?　　 A.street        B.way       C.road      D.address　　19.Istayedat________lastSunday.　　 A.myuncles     B.myuncles'    C.myuncle's    D.myuncle'sfamily　　20.Maths________noteasytolearn.　　 A.are         B.is          C.am        D.were　　1-5 CBCBB    6-10CACCD    11-15ABBCD   16-20BBBCBI.名词所有格练习.1.__________________________(李明的父母)workinabighospital.2.Thisis__________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)3.__________________________________(双胞胎的卧室)areverynice.4.______________________________(王平和王明的父亲)isahotelmanager.5.Isthis第23页\n___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔)?1.Theyare___________________________________(Peter和Sam的老师).2.___________________________(教师节)isonSeptember10th.3.___________________________________(学生们的桌椅)areverynew.4.Weareveryhappyon____________________________________(儿童节).5.Heisin_________________________________(老师的办公室)now.6.Pleaseopen______________________________________(教室的门).7.____________________________(赵敏的鞋)arewhite.8._________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校)isbigandnew.9.________________________________(John和Sally的母亲)areAmerican.10._____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友)isfromGuangzhou.11.______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑)isbroken.12.It’s_____________________________(妇女节)onMarch8th.13.Arethese________________________________________(男生们的书包)?14.Thatis_______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).15.______________________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友)arefromBeijing.II.名词复数形式和数词的练习.1.Thereare_________________________________(58个学生)inourclass.2.Thereare第23页\n________________________________(65个班级)inourschool.1.Ihave____________________________(13本书)inmyschoolbag.2.Arethere_______________________________(73套桌椅)inthisclassroom.3.There’re______________________________(27个男生)and_______________________________(31个女生)inmyclass.4.Thereare__________________________________(15台电脑)inthatroom.5.Mygrandmais_______________________________(82岁).6.Thereare________________________________(44位女老师)inherschool.7.Thereare__________________________(94位男医生)inthatbighospital,8.Icansee__________________________________(几只鸟)inthetree.9.______________________________(多少幅画)arethereinyoubedroom?10.Ihave________________________________(3本字典).11.Canyousee________________________________(一些风筝)inthesky?12.Ourschoolhas_________________________________(2个图书馆).13.Thereare___________________________________(12个月)inayear.14.Paul’sfatheris_____________________________________(57岁).15.Thereare______________________________(13辆公共汽车)onthestreet.16.Wecansee__________________________________(18个妇女)overthere.17.Thereare___________________________________(22个孩子)intheroom.18.Icansee____________________________________(六杯茶)第23页\nonthetable.III.用some和any填空.1.Ihave_____________goodfriendsinmyclass.2.Isthere____________waterinthebottle?3.Doyouhave____________________money?4.Theydon’thave______________timetogothere.5.Thereare________________cakesonthetable.6.Idon’thave__________________milkforbreakfast.7.Doeshehave______________brothersorsisters?8.Therearen’t_____________picturesonthewall.9.CanIask____________________questions?10.Arethere________flowersinyouclassroom?No,therearen’t_________.11.Wehave____________apples,butwedon’thave____________pears.12.Isthere__________orangejuiceinthefridge?Yes,thereis____________.13.Icanspeak____________English,butIcan’tspeak___________Russian.14.Dotheyhave____________colorpencil?No,theydon’thave___________.15.Thereisn’t____________meatathome.Imustgoandbuy____________.16.Isthere_____________teainthecup?No,thereisn’t____________.17.Ioftenhave_________noodlesforlunch.Myfatherhas________riceforit.18.Canyougiveme_____________piecesofbread?19.Thereare____________deskshere,buttherearen’t_________tableshere.20.Wouldyoulike_____________hamburgerstoeat?IV.句型转换.A.把下列句子变为否定句.1.Mysistercanplaythepiano.第23页\n1.HerparentsareChineseteachers.2.Thereissomecoffeeinthecup.3.Therearesometreesbehindmyhouse.4.Ihavesomeredcoats.5.TheboycansingEnglishsongs.6.Thesearemybooks.7.Herfatherisafactoryworker.B.把下列句子变为一般疑问句，并写出肯定和否定回答.1.TonycanspeaksomeChinese.2.Myauntisasecretary.3.Thereissomebreadinthepaperbag.4.Thesesaremyshoes.5.Hismotherisauniversityteacher.6.Therearesomechildreninthepark.7.Herparentsaredoctorsinthathospital.8.Mrs.BrowncancookChinesefood.9.Thosearehertoys.10.Thereissomecokeinthebottle.C.对划线部分提问.1.It’srainyandwindytoday.2.Therearethirty-sevendesksinmyclassroom.3.Thegirlcanrideahorse.4.Ilikewalking.5.Therearetwenty-fourhoursinaday.6.Heruncleisapoliceman.7.Thesweatersintheboxesareblue.8.Mygrandmaisaboutseventyyearsold.9.Icanseeelevenboatsonthelake.10.I’mamiddleschoolstudent.D.用所给的词将下列句子变位选择疑问句.1.HecanspeakEnglish.(Japanese).2.Myfriendisagirl.(boy)3.SheisinClassFour.(ClassFive)4.PeterisfromEngland.(Australia)第23页\n5.Iamateacher.(manager)6.Mybikeisblack.(white)第23页