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现在完成时一、现在完成时的基本概念1、定义用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态,而其结果却和现在有联系:动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihavehadmylunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.--从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢2、构成have(has)+过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样,在动词词尾加ed;不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表,需要同学们记忆。3、句型:肯定句:主语+have/has+done+其他否定句:主语+have/has+not+done+其他has+not=hasn’thave+not=haven’t一般疑问句:have/has+主语+done+其他?回答:Yes,…have/has.No,…hasn’t/haven’t.特殊疑问句:疑问代词/副词+一般疑问句二、现在完成时的主要用法用法1:强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响(既涉及过去,又联系现在)--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)用法2:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since+过去的时间点,for+一段时间,sofar等时间状语连用。IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)用法3:表示曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。HaveyoueverbeentotheSummerPalace?(你曾去过颐和园吗?)Ihaveneverdrivenacar.(我从开未过汽车。)用法4:现在完成时还常与句型Thisisthefirsttime…,It’sthefirsttime…连用。Thisisthefirsttimehehasdrivenacar.这是他第一次开车。用法5:现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最…的。It’sthemostboringfilmI’veeverseen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。三、现在完成时的常用标志性词(一)for+一段时间,since+过去时间,表示从过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。\n注1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?(二)just,lately,recently是完成时的时间状语,justnow有amomentago之意,是一般过去时的时间状语。just表示“刚刚”,多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间Hehasjustcomeback.他刚刚回来。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他们刚刚完成那项工作Thetrainhasjustarrived.火车刚到。DidyouseeJoanjustnow?你刚才看到琼了吗?Haveyouheardfromyourfamilylately/recently?你最近收到家人的来信了吗?(三)inthepastfewyears意思是“过去几年来”,可作现在完成时的时间状语;inthepast意思是“在过去”,常作一般过去时的时间状语。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepastfewyears.过去几年来,我的家乡发生了很大的变化。Wheredidyouworkinthepast?你过去在哪里工作?(四)before泛指“以前”时,可用于现在完成时中;ago表示“现在的一段时间以前”,是一般过去时的时间状语I’veneverbeentoJapanbefore.我以前没去过日本。ShewenttoJapanayearago.她一年前去了日本。Hehasstartedhisworktenyearsbefore.他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。Hestartedhisworktenyearsago.他是十年前开始他的工作的。(五)ever和never也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经”,多见于疑问句或否定句中;后者意思是“从来没有”,表示全部否定。Haveyoueverseenthefilm?”你曾经看过这部影片吗?No.Ihaveneverseenit.没有,从来没看过。Nobodyinourclasshaseverbeenthere.我们班没有人去过那。WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城。注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将never变成ever;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”Hehasevermadedumplings.否定句:Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.(六)already和yet常见于现在完成时中,有“已经”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中,后者用在疑问句中。yet在否定句中有“还”之意。“Hasthebusleftyet”?汽车开走了吗?“Yes.Ithasalreadyleft.”是的,已经开走了。(“No.Ithasn’tleftyet.)不,还没有开走。注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.\nIhavealreadydonemyhomework.¡否定句:Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.¡一般疑问句:Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?(七)sofar(到目前为止)也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。Sofar,nomanhastravelledfartherthanthemoon.到目前为止,还没有人到月球以外旅行。四、短暂动词与延续动词 现在完成时态中和表示一段时间的状语(for,since,howlong,allone’slife)连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词,即延续性动词。如:be,have,know,live,work,study,learn,teach,keep,speak,talk,draw,wait,wear,walk,sleep,drive,write,do,clean等。Ihavebeenateacherfornearly20years.Howlonghashelivedhere?英语中有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”,常见的有:come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear,close,open,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,getup,become,borrow,lend,find,finish,receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时,说明某个动作的结果还存在,但不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用,也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中。Hehascomeback.(√)Hehascomebackfortwohours.(×)※ 但在否定句中,非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰,如Ihaven’theardfrommyfatherforalongtime.Wehaven’tseenhimsince1999.当终止性动词(非延续性动词)与表示一段时间的状语(howlong,since,for,allone’slife)相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:(1)用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.Hehascomebackfortwoweeks.(错)改为:Hecamebacktwoweeksago.(正)Ihavelostmybikefortendays.(错)改为:Ilostmybiketendaysago.(正)(2)用“Itis/hasbeen+时间+since+一般过去时态”句型来改写。HehasjoinedtheLeaguefor3years.(错)Itis3yearssincehejoinedtheLeague.(正)Ihaveboughtthebookfor5days.(错)Itis5dayssinceIboughtthebook.(正)Hehasdiedfor20years.(错)Itis20yearssincehedied.(正)(3)用“时间+haspassed+since+一般过去时态”句型来改写。Hehaslefthomefor20years.改为:Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthome.Hehaslosthispenfor2days.改为:Twodayshaspassedsincehelosthispen.(4)用系表结构来改写.Hehasdiedfor20years.改为:Hehasbeendeadfor20years.Thefactoryhasopenedsince1999.改为:Thefactoryhasbeenopensince1999.Howlonghasheleft?改为:Howlonghashebeenaway?(5)用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。Hehasboughtthebookfortwoweeks.改为:Hehashadthebookfortwoweeks.电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.\nItisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan.Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.他参军已有三年。Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.(错)改为:Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换: ★1、have代替buy Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.★2、用keep或have代替borrow Ihavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.★3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?★4、用haveacold代替catchacold Tomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.★5、用wear代替puton★6、用“be+形容词”代终止性动词 be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall(get)ill be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep be+awake代wake/wakeup6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave be+open代open8、beclosed代close/shut be+missing(gone,lost)代lose★7、用“be+副词”代终止性动词 be+on代start,begin be+up代getup be+back(to)代returnto,comebackto,gobackto behere(there)代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等 ★8、用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词 bein/at+地点代替goto/cometo beinthearmy代替jointhearmy bein/at+地点代替moveto附:常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表: 1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/reachedsw.come/gone/movedtosw. →havebeeninsw./at…相应的介词 2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback 3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout 4.havebecome→havebeen 5.haveclosed/opened→havebeenclose/open 6.havegotup→havebeenup; 7.havedied→havebeendead; 8.haveleftsw.→havebeenawayfromsw. 9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep; 10.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover; 11.havemarried→havebeenmarried;12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.;\n 13.havebegun→havebeenon 14.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had 15.havelost→haven’thad 16.haveputon→haveworn 17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold; 18.havegottoknow→haveknown 19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin 20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…小练习:1.Hedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenofffor2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.---Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.翻译练习:1.我买了这块手表五年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.3.他已经回来三天了。Hehascomebackfor3days.Hehasbeenbackfor3days/since3daysago.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.5.我离开家乡已十年了。\nIhavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.五、注意事项1.havebeento和havegoneto的区别havebeento强调“去过”,现已不在那里,如:HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美国去过三次。(过去“到美国”,现在已“不在美国”)havegoneto主要强调的是“去了”,现在人不在说话的现场,如:—Where’syourmother?—你妈妈在哪?—Shehasgonetothehospital.—她去医院了。2.havebeento和havebeenin的区别havebeento强调人“已回到原地”,后面可接表示“次数”的状语。eg.①ShehasbeentoShanghaionlyonce.②—Howmanytimeshashebeenthere?—He’sbeentheremanytimes.havebeenin表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间,现仍在那里”,其后常带表示一段时间的状语。eg.①Theyhavebeenatthebusstopforhalfanhour.他们在车站呆了半小时。(现在仍然在车站)②WehavebeeninXi’anfortwoweeks.我们在西安呆了两个多星期。(现仍在西安)③HowlonghavetheybeeninChina?他们在中国呆了多长时间了?(仍在中国)辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别HewenttoShanghailastweek.上周他去了上海。[上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海]HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海。[在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了]HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了。[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里]HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了。[现在还在上海没有离开呢]HelivedinShanghaifor10years.以前他在上海住过10年。[现在不在上海了]小练习(1)Hecametoourvillagetwoyearsago.=Heourvillagesincetwoyearsago.(2)Helefthomethreedaysago.=Hehomefor3days.(3)Iboughtthewatch2weeksago.=Ithewatchsince2weeksago.(4)Itis5dayssinceIborrowedthebook.=Ithebookfor5days.(5)Thefilmhasbegun.=Thefilmforhalfanhour.(6)Igottoknowhim10yearsago.=Ihimfor10years.(7)Thereisafactory.=Thereafactoryfor20years.(8)Ourschoolopenedin1960.=Ourschoolsince1六、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别1. 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。如:IlearnedtenEnglishsongs(说明过去学过,现在是否记得,不是本句的内容)IhavelearnttenEnglishsongs.(learn发生在过去,但强调我现在懂英语歌曲)Icleanedtheblackboardhalfanhourago.(只说明“擦”和其发生的时间)Ihavecleanedtheblackboard.(说明现在黑板是干净的)Theteacherhaswrittensomenewwordsontheblackboard(黑板上现在有单词)Theteacherwrotesomenewwordsontheblackboard(黑板上现在没有单词)2.一般过去时和具体的表示过去的时间状语连用,如:…ago,lastweek/...,In2020,inthepast,just\nnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,then(那时),thatday,oneday,once(从前)。现在完成时常和recently(近来),ever,never,twice,sofar(到目前为止),since,for,inthepast/lastfewyears,already(肯定句),yet(否定,疑问句),just(刚刚),before(以前)等模糊的时间状语连用。句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,lastweek,in1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时 (错)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight. (对)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的) ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续) ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago). (是团员的状态可持续)七、动词的过去分词的规则变化动词的过去分词的规则变化,在动词后加ed,规则变化有以下四种:①原形+ed 如:worked, passed ②词尾是e时,直接加d 如:liked lived③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”,则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时,直接加d;如: played stayed studied cried ④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如: stopped dropped不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律¡AAA:put–put–putlet—let–let¡ABA:become—became—become¡ABB:stand—stood—stood¡ABC:eat—ate—eatenAAAcost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setbeat-beat-beathit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid原形、过去式和过去分词的词形都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。ABA有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABB(含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-made\nfeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow(aw)-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,write¡特殊:¡am/is-was-beenare-were-been,¡do(does)-did-donego-went-gone¡see-saw-seen\n【典型例题】1.Ihavealready______themagazinefor2weeks.Imustreturnittothelibrarytoday.A.lentB.boughtC.borrowedD.kept解析:答案选D。这是一句现在完成时的句子,表示从过去开始持续到现在的行为,for表示一段时间,后接时间长度,本句的意思应为:这本杂志我已经借了两个星期了。在这样的时间状语为“for+时间长度”的句子里,谓语动词要有可持续性,而不能为短暂性动词,因此,本题只能选D。因为“lent”,“bought”,“borrowed”均为短暂性动词,且“bought”,“lent”与句义不符。故选D。下面列出一些短暂性动词的持续性表达:arrive—beinborrow—keepbuy—havefallill—beilljoin—beinleave—beawayfrombegin—beondie—bedead等等2.—Wherearethechildren?—They________toBeijing.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.haveleftD.havearrived解析:答案选B。本题首先可排除C,D选项。“离开此地去北京”为“leaveforBeijing”,“到达北京”为“arriveinBeijing”.然后再看A,B选项,“havebeento”意思是“去过某地”,表示曾经去过某地,现在已经回来或到其他地方,目前人已不在那里。“havegoneto”意思是“去了某地”,表示人正去那里或已在去那里的途中。本题中,孩子们不在说话人所在的地方,所以应该选择B,表示他们已经去了北京或在去北京的途中。故选B。3.—_______hashetaughtEnglishinthisschool?—For2years.A.HowlongB.WhenC.HowsoonD.Howoften解析:答案选A。“Howlong”问的是“一段时间”,这句话的意思是,他在这所学校教英语多久了,回答为“两年了。”“Howlong”可与现在完成时一起用。“When”问的是一个时间点,可以和将来时、过去时连用,有时也可以和进行时放在一起用,但“When”不能和完成时一起使用。“Howsoon”意思是“多久以后”,用在将来时前面,而“Howoften”问的是一个频率,可解释为“多久一次”,回答多为“Onceaweek.”“Twiceamonth”等等。故选A。4.—Doyoustillwritetoyourfriendsthesedays?No.ButIused______thatwhenIwasatschool.A.doB.didC.todoingD.todo解析:答案选D。本题涉及到“used”的几个不同用法,“beusedtodoingsth.”表示“习惯于做某事”,“usedtodosth.”表示“过去常常做某事”,而“beusedtodosth.”则表示“被用来做某事”,主语多为“sth.”.本题“used”前面没有be动词,再加上说的是过去我在学校里的事情,所以采用“usedtodosth.”这个词组,整句话的意思就是,当我在学校里的时候,我常常那么做。故选D。5.Shewasvery_____________atthe_________news.A.surprised;surprisingB.surprised;surprisedC.surprising;surprisedD.surprising;surprising解析:答案选A。 “besurprisedatsth.”表示“对……感到惊奇”,主语是“somebody”,“surprising”表示“令人惊奇的”,主语多为“something”,句子的意思是,她对“这个令人惊奇的消息感到很惊奇”。与此相类似的词语还有一些,如“exciting令人激动的”,“excited感到激动”,又如“interesting有趣的”,“interested感兴趣的”等等。故选A。6.Hehasnever_______apenbefore.A.loseB.toloseC.lostD.losing解析:答案为C。本题主要考查现在完成时态对谓语动词的要求。现在完成时态谓语动词的结构是have(has)+过去分词。本题空白处需要填过去分词,这样的话,那A、B、D就都不对了。7.误:Thetwinshavenotgothomealready.正:Thetwinshavenotgothomeyet.解析:本题主要考查yet与already的用法区别,两个词都是副词,常与完成时态连用。yet用于否定句和疑问句,通常置于句尾;already常用于肯定句,当用于疑问句时,表示惊讶或希望得到肯定的答复,不用于否定句中,它可以在主要动词之前,也可置于句末。8.Timhasbeenatthefactory_________twoyearsago.A.forB.sinceC.beforeD.after解析:答案为B。本题主要考查时间状语与谓语的关系。for后跟时间段表示一段时间,since后跟时间的起点,表示一段时间,before表示在什么时间之前,after则表示在什么时间之后。本句是完成时态,指自两年前以来如何,且两年前是个时间的(起)点,因此,此处应用since.\n9.误:Isawthefilmtwicealready.正:I’veseenthefilmtwicealready.解析:本题主要是一般过去时态与现在完成时态的概念错误。这电影我已看过两遍,说明我现在对电影内容很了解,故要用现在完成时态。10.—______you_____yourwatch?—No,______.A.Did,findout,Ididn’tB.Have,found,notyetC.Have,lookedfor,Ihaven’tD.Did,find,notyet答案:选“B”。全句应用现在完成时,强调到现在为止的情况“是否找到了手表”,答语:Notyet相当于说Ihaven’tfoundityet.11.Ihaveneverseenthefilm______.A.agoB.justnowC.beforeD.later答案:选“C”。动词时态为现在完成时,与之搭配的词必须是ever,never,already,yet,before,recently等词。而ago,justnow等只能用于一般过去时的句子中,用later意思不通。12.AuntLi_________herhometownforalongtime.A.hasleftB.leftC.hasgonetoD.hasbeenawayfrom答案:选“D”。与foralongtime搭配的动词应该表示延续性,go,leave是短暂动词,故不能选。 【巩固练习】一、单项选择1.Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim. A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten3.HaveyoumetMr.Li____?A.JustB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago4.—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths. A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived5.—Ourcountry____alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______. A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6.—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish7.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl. A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____twice. A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates. —Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10.ZhouLang______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying11.Hisfather______thePartysince1998. A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago. A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade13.Hehas___beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still14.Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes. A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15.It___tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.IsB.hasC.willD.was\n16.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary. A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen17.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears. A.havebeeninB.havebeento C.havegonetoD.havebeen18.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19.hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20.Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity21.Thehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks. A.didn’tcleanB.hadn’tcleanedC.don’tcleanD.haven’tcleaned22.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff. ---Yes,italldependsontheweather. A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold23.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting. ----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes. A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe24.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes. A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet25.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-----I_______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.A.wasplanningB.haveplannedC.hadbeenplanningD.havebeenplanning 26.--Whenwilltheyleave?---They______verysoon.A.doleaveB.areleavingC.haveleftD.leave 27--Washestudyingforanexam?--Yes,he's____itlastweek.A.doingB.totakeC.makingD.togive28.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth____round.A.isB.wouldC.wasD.were29.She_______suchaninterestingbookbefore.A.wasneverreadingB.willneverreadC.hadneverreadD.hasneverread30.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting______?A.islastingB.islastedC.willlastD.lasts二、动词填空:1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.1.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.Mr.Chen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.\n8.Mr.Chen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.三、用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空1.Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.2.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.3.______youever_____toKunming?Never.4.Where_____you______thesedays?5.HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.6.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.7.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.四、改错1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.五、句型转换1、Hehasneversurfed,?(改成反意疑问句)2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)_________ _________ theybeenhere?3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He_________forayear.(die)(动词填空)4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.(同义句) Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________六、汉译英1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了?\n7.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?8.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。9.我以前从来没去过那个公园。10.他已经吃过午饭了。11.你已经看过这部电影了吗?12.我哥哥还没回来。13.我自从上星期看过这部电影。14.自从1992年他住在这里。15.这本字典我已买了三年了。16.他离开中国三年了。Keys:三、汉译英。1、Jimhasfinisheddoinghishomeworkalready.Heisfreenow.2、Hereceivedaletteryesterday.3、MyfatherhasbeentotheGreatWallbefore.4、Shehasn'tseenthenewfilmyet.5、ShehasbeentoShanghai.6、Wherehashebeenthesedays?7.Haveyoueattenfishandfrenchfrise?8.IhavelostmyChinesebook.9.Ihaveneverbeentothatpark.10.Hehasalreadyhadlunch.11.Haveyouseenthismovieyet?12.Mybrotherhasnotreturned.13.Ihaveseenthismoviesincelastweek.14.Hehaslivedheresince1992.15.Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.16.HehasbeenawayChinaforthreeyears.