2021年初中定语从句讲解练习及答案 16页

学习必备欢迎下载一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘⋯⋯的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。|精.|品.定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.|资.|料.*|*2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.|*|*|上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。|欢.|迎.|下.|载.引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.第1页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略|精.|品.|可.|编.(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)|*|*|4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。*||欢.|迎.|下.在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。|载.(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.第2页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法|精.|品.|可.|编.(1)不用that的情况|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。|*|*|(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.*||欢.|迎.|下.(b)介词后不能用。|载.Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。第3页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．(g)为了避免重复．(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略|精.|品.|可.|编.(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*举例：|*|*|Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?*||欢.|迎.|下.这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？|载.Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.第4页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)|习.|资.|料.*|1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。*|*|*(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.||欢.|迎.|下.|载.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.第5页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.|精.|品.|可.|编.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换|*|*|(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,*||欢.|迎.|下.(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.|载.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.第6页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*||欢.|迎.|下.|载.第7页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载练习(一)请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.|精.|品.|可.|编.5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*6.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?|*|*|8.HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.*||欢.|迎.|下.9.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.|载.10.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.第8页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.|精.|品.|可.|编.5.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*6.Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.|*|*|7.Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.*||欢.|迎.|下.8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.|载.9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.第9页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载14.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.|精.|品.|可.|编.20.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.三、单项选择*|*|*|()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.*||欢.|迎.|下.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose|载.()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything第10页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who|精.|品.|可.|编.()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalk|*|*|C.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk*||欢.|迎.|下.()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.|载.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that第11页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载练习(二)1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.|精.|品.|可.|编.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..|*|*|A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobserved*||欢.|迎.|下.C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved|载.8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.第12页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.|精.|品.|可.|编.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*14.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.|*|*|A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging*||欢.|迎.|下.15.Those_______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.|载.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn16.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst17.Didn’tyouseetheman________?A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow第13页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow18.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout19.Isthereanything_______toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs|精.|品.|可.|编.20.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*----“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”|*|*|A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat*||欢.|迎.|下.21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_______whohadalreadytakenthem.|载.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers22.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which第14页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载24.Antarctic_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich25.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived26.Itwasin1969_______theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich|精.|品.|可.|编.27.Maythefourthistheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich|*|*|28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_______livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.*||欢.|迎.|下.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where|载.29.Thehotel_______duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed30.Isitinthatfactory_______“RedFlag”carsareproduced?A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that第15页，共16页\n学习必备欢迎下载三选择1-5ADACC6-10ACABB[参考答案]1—5AADBA6—10ABCCA11—15AADAD16—20CDDBC21—25ACBDC26—30AADAD|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*||欢.|迎.|下.|载.第16页，共16页