初中动词不定式专题讲解及练习全面 16页

--语法：动词不定式动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分〔主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语〕；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。一、构成：todo.否认式nottodo二、常见时态：一般时todo进展时tobedoing完成式tohavedone完成进展式tohavebeendoing三、动词不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式〔或短语〕后置。比拟以下句子Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.=Itisimportanttolearnfromyourfriends.Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.TochatwithMissWhiteisapleasantthing.=ItisapleasantthingtochatwithMissWhite.Towalktoschooltakesmetenminutes.=Ittakesmetenminutestowalktoschool.句型总结lItis+adj.+ofsb.todo…=sb.is\are+adj.+todo…在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词〔如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等〕作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况〔可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等〕。Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.It’snotpoliteofhimtospeaktooldpeoplelikethat.lItis+adj.+forsb.todo…≠sb.is\are+adj.+todo…如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，那么在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。Itisnecessaryforustostudyhard.ItiseasyforhimtospeakEnglish.动词不定式作主语练习1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.-.word.zl-\n--cleans(省)2.It'shardforus_____Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。Itwill______theworkersoverayear_________theflyover.(市海淀区)4.It'sverynice_____youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to(省)KEYS:1.A2.C3.take,tobuild4.B2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be动词后面，用作表语如：Herdreamistobeapoliceman.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.Mydreamistoownarobot.Thedoctor’ssuggestionistotakemoreexercise.Thebestwayistotalktoyourparents.HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer.Mypurposeistohelpyousolvethisproblem.3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词〔及物〕很多，常见的有want,like,hate,wish,hope,prefer,try,ask,start,begin,decide,learn,choose,agree,expect,remember,forget,plan,decide,wouldlike,need,choose,agree,promise,refuse,setout,manage,pretend,Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Theybegantoreadandwrite.Sheforgottoclosethedoor.HewantedtoborrowmyCDplayer.IhopetospeakEnglishwell.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ihopetohearfromyousoon.Johndoesn’twanttobethehostofthecharityshow.Theyaretryingtosolvetheproblembyhimself.Millionsofpeoplehavelearnedtouseputers.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记曾经做过某事-.word.zl-\n--stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停顿做某事goontodosth.继续做另一件事goondoingsth.继续做原来在做的事needtodosth.需要做某事needdoingsth.需要被做Don’tforgetoturnoffthelightsbeforeleaving.Fathermuststopsmoking.Thisbikeneedsrepairing/mending.注意1：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，那么要把不定式放在后面，用it作形式主语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补〔形容词、名词〕+不定式〞构造Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.IfounditimportanttolearnEnglish.Ifonditdifficulttolearnphysics.注意2：常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,order,get,wish,allow,invite,teach,encourage,beg,等。构成“vt,+sb.+(not)todosth.〞构造。Theteachertoldustoreadthetext.Heaskedmenottotellyouthenews.Hisparentsdidn’tallowhimtoplay.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.Mr.Luasksuetohandinourhomeworkontime.ThedocteradvisedMr.Greentodrinkmorewater.Mr.Wutellsthestudentsnottoshoutinclass.Mrs.ReadwhisheshersontolearnEnglishwell.注意3：不定式作宾补省去to的情况(在被动语态中那么to不能省掉)常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：一感〔feel〕、二听〔hear,listento〕、三让〔make,let,have〕、四看〔lookat,see,watch,notice,observe〕、半帮助help〔可带to，也可不带tohelpsb(to)dosth〕Imadehimtodohiswork..----------------------------makesb.dosth.Pleaselistentometosingthissongagain.-------------------listentosb.dosth.Ifeltsomeonetoopenmydoor.--------------------------------feelsb.dosth.Thebossmadethegirltoworktenhouraday.-------------makesb.dosth.-.word.zl-\n--Youmustwatchmetodoeverything--------------------------watchsb.dosth.Internetbarsmustn’tletanybodywatchbadthings,especiallychildren.-------letsb.dosth.Heoftenhelps(to)cleantheroom.Mr.Zhangalwayshelpsus(to)learnEnglish.被动语to要加上Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme)Theyaremadetoworkfor12hoursaday.Hewasheardtospeakinthenextroom.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweekasapunishment.Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatfoodaftertheoperation.Internetbarsmustn’tletanybodywatchbadthings,especiallychildren.动词不定式作宾语练习1.Hewants___somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(省)2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyouetoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(省)3.Hefounditverydifficult___A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(省)4.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(省)5.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(省)6.Wesawhim___thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(省)7.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem__verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel8.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(省)9.Iwasmade___myhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.didKeys：1.C2.A3.D4.B5.C6.B7.D8.C9.C-.word.zl-\n--4、作句子的定语：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,那么不定式中要有介词.Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringtheholiday.Wehavealotworktodo.Sheisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.--------------------------------------live是不及物动词Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.----------------------------------worry是不及物动词MrWuisalwaysthefirsttoeandthelasttoleave.Thereisnoneedtotroublehim.没有必要去烦他Haveyougotanythingimportanttotellme?重要的事情去告诉我I’vegotnothingtoworryabout.没有什么去担忧I’mthirsty.Givemesomethingtodrink.给我些东西去喝Springisthebestseasontoplanttrees.春季是最好的季节去种树Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有时机去上大学动词不定式作定语练习1.Wouldyoulikesomething____?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(省)2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(省)3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(省)5、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。etodosth.gotodosth.stoptodosth.inorder(not)todotoo+adj.+todosth.adj.\adv.+enoughtodosthsoasto,enoughto,-.word.zl-\n--onlyto,ShecameheretoborrowanEnglishbook.〔目的〕Let’sstoptohavearest.Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.〔结果〕Herunsfastenoughtocatchahorse.I’msorrytomakeyouwaitheresolong.〔原因〕Wearesurprisedtoseesuchbeautifulanimals.InordertoimprovehisEnglish,TomgoestotheEnglishcornereveryday.Iwastootiredtofallsleep.Sheranfasttocatchthefirstbus.Heisrichenoughtobuyacar.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.目的Inordertohelphim,wewoulddoeverythingwecan.(目的)I’mtootiredtodowell.结果Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.结果动词不定式做状语练习1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(省)2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(省)3.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(省)4.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(省)5.Mymotherwasveryglad___heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改为意思一样的句子)Thehole________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.(省)7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改为意思一样的句子)Theiceonthelakewasn't____enough__people______________.(省)KEYS：1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.is，too，small，for7.thick，for，to，skate，on六、带疑问词的不定式短语-.word.zl-\n--动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。这种构造起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。例如：Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.〔作宾语〕　　Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.〔作主语〕注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。　　Whattodonext?(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?)　　Whygothere?(=Whydowe/yougothere?)在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?Howtodoitisaproblem.(=Howweshoulddoit.)Ireallydon’tknowwhattowriteabout.(=whatIshouldwriteabout)Thetroubleiswheretoputthemachine.(=whereweshouldputthemachine)IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglishwell.(=howIcouldlearnEnglishwell)Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.Pleaseshowushowtousetheputer.Idon’tknowwhattobuyforyou.动词不定式专项练习：一、填空1.——你父亲愿意去购物吗？——不，他宁可在家听音乐。——Doesyourfatherwanttogoshopping?——No，heathome.2.他们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。Theyfoundthedisabled.3.奥黛丽.赫本大局部时间致力于电影事业。AudreyHepburnthefilmindustry.4.叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。Tellthepoor.5．He.(宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影)6．Father(习惯于看报)aftersupper.-.word.zl-\n--7.Ifsomeonelaughsatyou,youshould.(不理睬)KEYS:1,prefersto\wouldratherlistentomusic2,it(was)necessarytohelp3,devotedmostofhertimeto4,childrennottolookdownon5，prefersstayingathometogoingtothecinema6，isusedtoreadingnewspapers,7，paynoattentiontohim二，选择1.Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.A.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.A.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.A.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.A.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.A.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthepanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy9.---Didyougetajob?-.word.zl-\n-----No,I___,butit’snouse.A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.A.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?A.totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.A.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadKEYS:1---5BDCBD6------10CBABD11------14BAAC三、选择1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.-.word.zl-\n--A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto10.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeKEYS:1----5ABBBB6-----10ABCAC11-----15BCAAD四．填空1.Peterwas________(make)outside.2.He_________(behear)unlockthedoorandgoout.3.Themanwasseen_______(shoot)thewomanonthestreet.1.Theoldladywasnoticed______(wipe)herfacewithahandkerchief.2.Iforgottoaskyou____gotothebank.3.Itisveryimportant______(turnoff)theelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.4.Iknowhow_________(make)amouseoutofmyhandkerchief.5.Luckily,wedon’thavemuchmorework_________.6.Shewasverypleased______(have)theopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.7.Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishis______(get)marriedandhaveachild.KEYS:1.madetowait2.washeardtounlock3.toshoot4.towipe5.to6.to-.word.zl-\n--turnoff7.tomake8.todo9.tohave10.get五、真题练习1.Mymotheroftenasksme________early.(2003年)　　A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup2.Theteachertoldherstudents______inpublic.(2003年)　　A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshout3.___isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.(2002年省)　　A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.Its4.It'snice________you________mewithmymaths.(2002年市)　　A.for;tohelpB.for;helping　C.of;tohelpD.of;helping5.Theydecided________attheendofthismonth.(2002年市)　　A.toleaveB.goingC.travelD.notstartout6Allofusfound________difficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.　　A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it7Pleasestop________arestifyoufeeltired.(2002年市)　　A.tohaveB.having　C.haveD.has8.There'senoughbirdfood________foramonth.(2001年省)　　A.tolastB.last　C.lastsD.lasted9.Shehasnopaper________.(2001年市)-.word.zl-\n--　　A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteon10.Motheraskedme________somefruitaftersupper.(2003年XX生产建立兵团)　　A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy11.Lethim_______arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.(2003年市)　　A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has12Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildren________intheroom.(2003年市)　　A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed13.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.　　-Yes,sheisoftenseen________theoldmanwithhishousework.(2003年呼和浩特市)　　A.helpB.tohelp　C.helpsD.helped14YesterdaymorningIgotupearly　　________belatefortheexam.(2002年市)　　A.inordertoB.inordertonotC.soasnottoD.soasto15Let's________soasnot________lateforthemeeting.　　A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobeC.hurry,tobeD.hurry,be16There'snodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon'tknow________.(2003年)　　A.whattochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat17ThestudentsofClassOnewillspendtheirwinterholidayinShenzhen,butthestudentsofClassTwohaven'tdecided________.(2003年省)　　A.whattobuyB.howtogo　C.wheretogoD.whichtochoose-.word.zl-\n--18________theputerisaproblem.　　A.HowtouseB.WhattouseC.WhichtouseD.Wheretouse19,-Youlookrathertired.________stoptotakearest?　　-Allright.ButI'llhavetoworkforafewmoreminutes.(2002年呼和浩特市)　　A.WhynotB.DoyouC.WhataboutD.Howabout20.TheTVsetistooloud.Willyouplease________?(2002年市)　　A.turndownitB.turnitdownC.toturnitdownD.toturndownitKEYS:1.D2.A3B4C5A6D7A8A9.D10D11A12B13B14C15C16B17C18A19D20B　六．单项选择　　1.You'dbetter________yourcoat.It'scoldoutside.　　A.putonB.toputonC.puttingonD.putson　　2.Webegan________Englishfiveyearsago.　　A.learnB.learnedC.tolearnD.tobelearned　　3.TheFrenchmandidn'tknow______thiswordinChinese.　　A.howtotellB.howsayC.howtosayD.howtalk　　4.Hismothermadehim________theflooreveryday.　　A.sweepsB.tosweep　C.sweepingD.sweep　　5.Shewasheard________anEnglishsonginherroomlastnight.-.word.zl-\n--　　A.singB.sangC.tosingD.singing　　6.Peteraskedme________himwithhischemistry.　　A.helpB.helpingC.helpedD.tohelp　　7.Itisgoodforus________morningexercises.　　A.doB.todoC.didD.done　　8.Theteachertoldus________inbed.　　A.don'treadB.readnot　　C.tonotreadD.nottoread　　9.It'stooearly.Why________arestwithus?　　A.nothaveB.nothavingC.nottohaveD.didn'thave　　10.Theoldwomanwas________angry________sayaword.　　A.so,thatB.as,asC.too,toD.very,toKEYS：1-10ACCDDDBDAC附加练习：阅读〔A〕Robertissixteennow.He'llfinishmiddleschoolintwoyears.Hisfatherhasashopandgetsmuchmoney.Hehopeshissoncangotocollegeandmakeshimstudyhard.Buttheyoungmanlikesplayingcards.Healwaysgoesoutwhenhisparentsfallasleep.Onenight,whenRobertcameback,hisfatherhappenedtoseehim.Theoldmanwasveryangryandtoldhissontoliveupstairs.NowRoberthastogoupanddownquietly.Ofcourseittroubleshim.Buthehasn'tfoundawayyet.WhenRobertwassurehisparentswenttosleeplastnight,hewentouttoplaycardswithhisfriends.Hewonsomemoneyandwashappy.Whenhegotbackhome,hetookoffhisshoesandwasgoingupstairs.Hehearda-.word.zl-\n--noiseinhisparents'.Hestoodbehindthedoorandsawamaneout.Herealizedthemanwasathief.Hestoppedhimatonce.Thethiefwasveryafraidandbroughtoutallthethingshestoleintheroom."Tellmehowyoudidn'twakemyparentsup,"saidRobert,"orI'lltakeyoutothepolicestation!"()1.WhatdoesRobert'sfatherdo?A.HeisateacherB.HeisashopownerC.HeisastudentD.Heisafarmer()2.Robertlikes____.A.studyinghardB.helpinghisparentsC.watchingTVD.playingcards()3.WhydidRobert'sfatheraskhimtoliveupstairs?A.BecauseRobertlikedtoliveupstairs.B.Becausehisfatherdidn'twantRoberttogoout.C.Becausehisfatherdidn'twanttotroubleRobert.D.BecauseRobertwantedtostudyupstairs.()4.WhenRobertcamebacklastnight,whomdidhesee?A.HisbrotherB.HismotherC.AthiefD.Histeacher()5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Robertwantedtolearnhowtostealthings.B.Robertwantedtostopplayingcards.C.Robertwantedtoknowhowthethiefdidn'twakehisparentsup.D.Robertwantedtoknowhowtowinmoremoney.(B)Manypeoplethinkthemoretimeisspent,themoreworkwillbedone.Sostudentshaveto__16__thewholedaydoingschoolwork__17__thethreemeals.Modernstudentshavemany__18__.Theylovesports,putersandmusic.A__19__holidaycangetthemawayfromtoomuchschoolworks,andtheycandowhattheylike.Butstillteachersdonot__20__it.Becausestudentshavetoomuchhomework,theyhavenotimetoenjoythemselves.Studentsarereallytiredoftheirweekendhomework.Sotheydon'tdoit__21__Sundaynight.Andthereisnotenoughtimetofinishthehomeworkcarefully.Thepoorweekendhomeworkusuallymakesteachers__22__.Thingsalwaysgetworse__23__rightideas.Toomuchschoolworkmakesstudentslose__24__inlearning.It'salsobadfortheirhealth.-.word.zl-\n--Ahorserunsfasterafterarest.Butforstudentsonlyarestisnotenough.Sosuchacondition(状况)shouldbe__25__togivestudentsbothpleasureandknowledge.()16.A.takeB.costC.spendD.pay()17.A.exceptB.forC.duringD.with()18.A.interestsB.booksC.pensD.friends()19.A.twodaysB.two-daysC.two-dayD.two-day's()20.A.talkaboutB.thinkaboutC.speakofD.lookafter()21.A.onB.exceptC.afterD.until()22.A.togetangryB.getangryC.tofeelunhappyD.quitesurprised()23.A.toB.byC.withoutD.with()24.A.interestedB.interestC.interestingD.themselves()25.A.changedB.keptC.taughtD.made-.word.zl-