初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习 7页

初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisa\nsupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远（4）关系词只能用that的情况：　　a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。\nb.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如　Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：　　What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：　　Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法\n（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。单项填空。1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？　-Yes，he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim？A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday？A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyourhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagree　C.whoagreesD.whichagree\n6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.　A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.weliveinⅡ.用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow？　　1.Afootballfan(球迷)is_____hasastronginterestinfootball.A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.what3.Canyoulendmethenovel_____theotherday?\nA.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout5.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons_____theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom7.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.what8.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where10.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which11.Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone13.-Howdoyoulikethebook?-It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat15.Thetrain_____shewastravelingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat18.It’sthethirdtime_____latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived19.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheir\nstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because20.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.whenB.duringthatC.inwhichD.which21.Hewasbornintheyear_____theAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeout.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.duringwhich24.WearegoingtospendtheSpringfestivalinGuangzhou,_____livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where25.Thehotel_____duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed42.Iwillhiretheman_____theysayisagoodEnglishspeaker.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom