初中英语介词练习题及详解 10页

（一）正误辨析1、［误］Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.［正］Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.［析］at用于具体时亥U之前，如：sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。2、［误］Don'tsleepatdaytime［正］Don'tsleepindaytime.［析］in要用于较长的——段日^间之内，如：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。3、［误］WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.［正］WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.［析］inthemorning,intheafternoon加果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on,如：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th4、［误］Hebecameawritterathistwenties［正］Hebecameawritterinhistwenties［析］这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。5、［误］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.［正］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.［析］在具体年岁前用at,如：attheageof12,atyourage,等等。6、［误］Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.［正］Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.［析］具体某一天要用介词on,又如：onNewYear'sDay7、［误］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.［正］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.［析］在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。8、［误］Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.［正］Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.［析］during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：Ihaven'tseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为"整整，全部的时间"。如：Itrainedthroughthenight.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。9、［误］Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［正］Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［析］On加动名词表示"一就"。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：onhearing…一听见，onarrival一到达就(on表示动作的名词)10、［误］Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［正］Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［析］atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend=atlast是指"最终，终于"之意。11、［误］Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［正］Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［析］by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完"，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：I'llbetherebyfiveo'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：Iwon'tfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.\n12、［误］HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HecametoLondontwoweeksago.［析］before一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去时连用。13、［误］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.［正］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.［析］since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态14、［误］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.［正］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.［析］中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二，①after多用于过去时，如：IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in。15、［误］Threedaysafterhedied.［正］Afterthreedayshedied.［正］Threedayslaterhedied.［析］after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after在时间词前，而later在时间词后。16、［误］Shehidherselfafterthetree.［正］Shehidherselfbehindthetree.［析］after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后。17、［误］Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.［正］Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.［析］树上长出的果实，树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.18、［误］ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.［正］ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.［析］在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in,on,to。in表示在某范围之内；on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。如：JapanistotheeastofChina.19、［误］IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.［正］IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.［析］at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。20、［误］HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.［正］HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.［析］在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法：attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。21、［误］ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.［正］ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.［析］在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如：Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.22、［误］ThisweekendI'llstayinUncleWang's.［正］ThisweekendI'llstayatUncleWang's.［析］要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：atatailor'sshop（裁缝店）=atatailor's,atthedoctor's（去看病）atthebookseller's（在书店）atuncleWang's（在王叔叔家）23、［误］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper?［正］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper?［析］在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on。\n24、［误］TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［正］SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［析］这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：attable（吃饭），WhenIcametoTom'shome,theywereattable.还有：atdesk（学习），atwork（工作）atschool（上学），inhospital（住医院）atchurch作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：attheschool即在学校工作或办事，inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人。25、［误］Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［正］Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［析］译文为:在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光"在白路上"应用onone'sway…。而intheway有挡道之意，如：Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。26、［误］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.［析］in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。27、［误］I'llleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.［正］I'llleaveBeijingforShanghai.［正］I'llleaveforShanghai.［析］leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：startfor动身前往某处，setoutfor,sailfor。28、［误］I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.［正］I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.［析］getin,与getout是两个相反的词组。getin为上车，而getout为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲We'dbettergetin.或We'dbettergetout.还有一组词组有关上下车：geton/off（atrain,aship,astruck）getinto/outof（acar,taxi…）29、［误］BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.［正］Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.［析］over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.30、［误］Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.［正］Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.［析］over还有一意为"跨越，横跨”。31、［误］TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.［正］TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.［析］在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。32、［误］Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.［正］Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.［析］infrontof是在物体外部的前面，而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面，如：Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.33、［误］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.［正］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.［析］across作为介词有两个主要意思：①横过，如：Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②对面，如：Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：Thelittlegirlran\nacrosstheroomtomeethermother.34、［误］Thesunsetstowardthewest.［正］Thesunsetsinthewest.［析］towards也可用作toward,它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：Herantoward（s）themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south时，其前面要用in。要注意白是这4个词可以用作副词，如：Iwentsouth.也可用作名词，如：Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容词，如：IwenttothesouthpartofChina.35、［误］Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose?［正］Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose?［析］beside是"在旁边",如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除之夕卜，不仅而且,除了以夕卜还有"，如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except贝U是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat贝U要力口从句。36、［误］CanIwritetheexampaperwithink?［正］CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen?［正］CanIwritetheexampaperinink?［析］with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。37、［误］I'mearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.［正］I'mearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.［析］在交通工具前加介词by,但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybicycle=onabicyclebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空运byland陆运bysea海运onfootonhorsebackbyphonebyletterbyradiobyairmailbyhand38、［误］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.［正］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.［析］madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from,如：Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.39、［误］ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.［正］ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.［析］关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某方面的普通读物，如：Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识。40、［误］Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.［正］Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.［析］keytothedoor「［的钥匙。相同用法还有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千万不要用of。41、［误］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.［正］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.［析］haveinterestin是在某方面有兴趣。42、［误］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.［正］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.\n［析］beangrywith其后接人，而beangryat其后接事。如：Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.43、［误］Hewasgoodforskating.［正］Hewasgoodatskating.［析］begoodat为"擅长某事"，而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好。44、［误］Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.［正］Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.［析］这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好。如：Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.45、［误］Myparentswereverypleasedatme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.［析］bepleasedwith后力口somebody,而bepleasedat后力口somethingo46、［误］Heisagreewithme.［正］Heagreeswithme.47、［误］Heagainstsme.［正］Heisagainstme.［析］同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。48、［误］Ihaven'theardlettersfromhim.［正］Ihaven'theardfromhim.［析］hearfrom即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。49、［误］Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend?［正］Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend?［析］作为"拜访"讲callat其后接地点，如：MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。50、［误］Doyouknowthegirlonwhite?［正］Doyouknowthegirlinwhite?［析］inwhite为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有：inbed（睡觉），inhospital（住院），inahurry（匆匆忙忙），indanger（危险中）,injoy（高兴），ingoodhealth（身体好），inlove（恋爱），introuble（困境），与之相反的是outof,如：outoftrouble（摆脱困境）,outofdate（过时了）,outoforder（出故障）51、［误］Helookedatmeatsurprise.［正］Helookedatmeinsurprise.［析］surprise的用法——般有三种。①用于句首，Toone'ssurprise,如：Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如：Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.52、［误］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.［正］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.［析］becauseof后接名词，如：Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.（三）例题解析1-Thankyouthebeautifulflowers!-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor［答案1D.［析］由于某事向某人道谢应用for。2CanyouanswerthisquestionEnglish?AbyBinCwithDfrom［答案1B.［析］in表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.3LookthemapChinathewall,please.\nAafter,of,inBat,of,inCafter,in,onDat,of,on［答案1D.［析］lookat为"看"，而onthewall为"在墙表面挂着"，而inthewall则是"在墙内"，如：Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。1-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon?-HearrivedtheretheeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto［答案1C.［析］intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如：onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。5Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmileourteacher'sface.AoffBnearConDbetween［答案1C.6Thetwinsgotonwelltheirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout［答案1C.［析］getonwellwith与人相处很好。7-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-Isee.I'llcomeSaturdayevening.AinBatConDfor［答案1C.8Let'shurry,orwe'llbelateschoolAtoBatCwithDfor［答案1D.［析］belatefor,而comelateto,如：Don'tcomelatetoschool9TheywillhaveamathstesttwodaysAforBatCinDafter［答案1C.［析］三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围，即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。10MybrotherjoinedthearmyA1989,MarchBinMarch,1989CMarch,1989D1989,inMarch［答案1B.［析］在月份、年、前用介词in,而日子前用on。11Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblemyourhelpAwithoutBunderCforDwith［答案1A.［析］在某人帮助下应用with,如：WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelp12GrannytookonelookatusherglassesAbyBthroughConDin\n［答案1B.［析］through为穿过。5WehadourbreakfastaquartersevenA/,toBin,toCat,toDon,to［答案1C.［析］具体时间点前用at,而差几分几点用to,这里应译为：我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。6IlearnFrenchtheradioeveryday\nonBinCfromDat［答案1A.［析］从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio。5It'sgoodmannerstowaitlineAinBonCatDwith［答案1A.［析］inline为排队。6HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearntlastterm?AbytheendofBattheendofCtotheendofDtilltheendof［答案1A.［析］bytheendof为动作的截止时间，与完成时态相配合7ThemanagerwasverysatisfiedhisworkAinBonCaboutDwith［答案1D.［析］besatisfiedwith为固定搭配。8JohnhitJackfaceAontheBintheConhisDinhis［答案1B.［析］英文中的某些动词其后要接人，然后加介词+the+身体部位，如：Hecaughttheboybythearm。9IwasbornthenightSeptember15,1978Ain,onBat,onCat,inDon,of［答案1D.［析］在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。10It'sabadmannertolaughpeoplewhentheyaretroubleAover,inBat,inCin,atDat,for［答案1B.［析］laughat嘲笑某人，laughover笑着谈论某人或某事，introuble陷入困境。11Ican'tdothisworkwellTom'shelpAunderBforCwithoutDfrom［答案1C.12Don'tshouttheoldwoman。YoushouldbemorepoliteherAto,atBat,toCin,forDfrom,for［答案1B.［析］shoutat为"冲某人喊叫"，而bepolitetosomebody为"对某人和气。"13WemustbestrictourselveseverythingAwith,inBin,withCwith,toDto,of［答案1A.［析］bestrictwith对某人严格要求。14HewenttothefootballmatchlunchlastSunday\ntoBwithoutCbehindDbetween［答案1B.［析］withoutlunch未吃午饭。25Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded1949AwithBonCsinceDin［答案1D.［析］在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时，所以不能用since。26MrBlackgottoHangzhouafewdaysAinBafterConDat［答案1B.Bo［析］这句话应译为：几天之后MrBlack到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事，所以选27-HastheteachergivenyouanyadviceyourEnglishstudy?-Yes,hehasAfromBwithConDin［答案1C.［析］给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。28YoumaydependhimHeishonestmanAon,aBin,anCon,anDat,the［答案1C.［析］dependon为"依靠某人或某事"，而honest的首字母h不发音。29myjoy,IcananswerthisquestionAWithBToCByDFor［答案1B.［析］Toone'sjoy意为"使我高兴的是。"30TheteacheraskedthestudentstolookthewordinthedictionaryAforBatCupDafter［答案1C.［析］lookfor寻找，lookat看，lookafter照顾，lookup查字典。31AlittlemonkeyisplayingatreeandtherearealotofbananasitAon,onBin,onCon,inDin,in［答案1B.［析］树上长出的果实为onthetree而其他外来之物要用inthetree,表达在树上。32Igotoschoolbuseverymorning.A.inB.byC.onD.at［答案1B.［析］by后直接加交通工具，表示乘某种交通工具去某地。33Noonelikesapersonbadmanners.A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with［答案1D.［析］withbadmanners有不良习惯的人。34Thepolicemanwassurprisedthenews.\nA.intoB.forC.atD.outof［答案1C.［析］besurprisedat对某事吃惊。35Hehadtosellnewspapersseven.A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof［答案1C.［析］attheageof在几岁时。36Thelittlegirlcouldn'thelpwhenshesawalargedog.A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries［答案1C.［析］couldn'thelp+动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，或禁不住做某事。37JackwasbornMarch1st,1978.A.onB.inC.atD.of［答案1A.［析］日期，时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。38Edisonwasveryinterestedsciencewhenhewasaboy.A.toB.onC.inD.about［答案1C.［析］beinterestedinsomething对某事感兴趣。39Theteacherwasverysatisfiedheranswer.A.inB.onC.forD.with［答案1D.40ThestoryhappenedBeijing.A.inB.withC.forD.on［答案1A.