初中英语语法练习题 22页

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莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈蒇羁羇蒇薀螄芅蒆蚂罿膁薅螄螂肇薄蒄羇羃膁薆螀衿膀螈羆芈腿蒈衿膄膈薀肄肀膈蚃袇羆膇螅蚀芅膆蒅袅膁芅薇蚈肇芄虿袃羃芃葿蚆罿节薁羂芇节蚄螅膃芁螆羀聿芀蒆螃羅艿薈羈袁莈蚀螁膀莇莀羇肆莆薂蝿肂莆蚄肅羈莅螇袈芆莄蒆蚀膂莃蕿袆肈蒂蚁虿羄蒁莁袄袀蒀蒃蚇腿蒀蚅袃膅葿螈螅肁蒈芃螆螂节莅蕿肁莁蒇螄羇莁薀薇袃莀艿螃蝿羆蒁薆螅羅薄袁肃羅芃蚄罿羄莆衿袅羃蒈蚂螁羂薀蒅肀肁芀蚀羆肀莂蒃袂聿薅虿袈聿芄薂螄肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薁螅袄肅芁薈螀膄莃螄蚆膃蒆薆羅膃芅螂羁膂莇蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节蒆羈芈莄蚁袄芇蒆蒄螀芇膆蚀蚆芆莈蒂肄芅蒁螈羀芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂节莅蕿肁莁蒇螄羇莁薀薇袃莀艿螃蝿羆蒁薆螅羅薄袁肃羅芃蚄罿羄莆衿袅羃蒈蚂螁羂薀蒅肀肁芀蚀羆肀莂蒃袂聿薅虿袈聿芄薂螄肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薁螅袄肅芁薈螀膄莃螄蚆膃蒆薆羅膃芅螂羁膂莇蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节蒆羈芈莄蚁袄芇蒆蒄螀芇膆蚀蚆芆莈蒂肄芅蒁螈羀芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂节莅蕿肁莁蒇螄羇莁薀薇袃莀艿螃蝿羆蒁薆螅羅薄袁肃羅芃蚄罿羄莆衿袅羃蒈蚂螁羂薀蒅肀肁芀蚀羆肀莂蒃袂聿薅虿袈聿芄薂螄肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薁螅袄肅芁薈螀膄莃螄蚆膃蒆薆羅膃芅螂羁膂莇蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿节蒆羈芈莄蚁袄芇蒆蒄螀芇膆蚀蚆芆莈蒂肄芅蒁螈羀芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂节莅蕿肁莁蒇螄羇莁薀薇袃莀艿螃蝿羆蒁薆螅羅薄袁肃羅芃蚄罿羄莆衿袅羃蒈蚂螁羂薀蒅肀肁芀蚀羆肀莂蒃袂聿薅虿袈聿芄薂螄肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薁螅袄肅主谓一致英语中句子的主语要与其后的谓语保持一致，即“主谓一致”。一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。【练习导航】Ⅰ.用适当的be动词或助动词填空。1.Everystudent_______gotabook.2.Thenumberofstudentsintheschool_______nowrising.3.Anumberofboys_______playingbasketballatthemoment.4.There_______somethingelseinthedesk.5.Tom,togetherwithhismother,_______gonetoNewYork.6.Theteacherwithtwostudents_______playingsports.7.Thispairoftrousers_______madebymyauntlastyear.8.Fivemonths_______alongtimetowait.9.Here_______somebooks.10.Tocleantheroom_______yourduty.Ⅱ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。11.WhenIgotthere,theyeach_______(read)abook.12.Neitherofus_______(like)thestorybook.13.Everyoneexceptme_______(go)tothecinemayesterday.14.Afootballteamoften_______(have)elevenplayers.15.Noonebutmyparents_______(know)thetruth.16.Jim’sfamily_______(enjoy)watchingTVaftersupper.17.Whatyousaid_______(be)quiteusefultous.18.Look!Theclass_______(do)morningexerciseontheplayground.19.Twentyyears_______(have)passedsincehelefthishometown.20.Threeglassesofmilk_______(be)enoughforus.Ⅲ.单项选择()21.EitherTomorI______goingtheretomorrow.A.areB.isC.amD.be()22.Jennyaswellasherfriends______swimming.A.aregoingB.hasgoneC.weregoingD.havegone()23.Noone______swimminginsuchbadweather.A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked()24.—What______thenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?—Abouttwothousand.Anumberofthem______fromtheUSA.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are()25.IhearonethirdofthebooksinWuhuLibrary______new.Let’sborrowsome.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()26.Goodnews!There______fewerpeoplecatchingthiskindofillnessnow.A.areB.isC.wasD.were()27.Thenews______veryinteresting!Tellmemore!A.isB.areC.wereD.was()28.—Idon’tthinkit’sgoodtodriveeighthourswithoutarest.\n—Iagree.Eighthours______reallyaverylongtime.A.hasB.isC.areD.am()29.EitherTomorshe______goingtothepartynextweek.Oneofthemmuststayathome.A.areB.wasC.isD.be()30.ThisismytwinsisterLucy.BothsheandI______goodatdrawing.A.amB.isC.areD.be()31.Nowthestudentseach______anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.hasB.haveC.ishavingD.arehaving()32.Oneofmyfriends______alreadymovedtoLondon.A.doB.doesC.haveD.has()33.Ithinkphysics______moredifficultthanChinese.A.isB.areC.haveD.has()34.NotonlyJimbutalsohissister______afewcitiessincetheycametoChina.A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.havevisitedD.visited()35.NeitherJimnorhiscousins______toFrance,but______ofthemknowthecountryverywell.A.havebeen;allB.havebeen;bothC.hasbeen;allD.hasbeen;both【指点迷津】“主谓一致”最基本的原则是：单数主语用单数谓语动词；复数主语用复数谓语动词。但在实际运用中情况比较复杂，现将同学们常犯的错误归纳如下：◆each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语决定。◆halfof,therestof,mostof,allof及“百分数或分数+of”等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。◆all作主语，常表示可数的人或物。作“所有的人或物”讲时，谓语动词用复数；作“一切”讲时，谓语动词用单数。◆主语后有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,aswellas等引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。◆people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若强调一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调具体成员，谓语动词用复数。◆表示度量、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或词组作主语时，谓语动词用单数。◆由Here/There开头的句子，其主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近的主语保持一致。◆“anumberof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。直接引语和间接引语【练习导航】将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。1.“Iamdoingmyhomework,”shesaid.Shesaidthat______________doing_______homework.2.“Ihaven’tbeentherebefore,”Susansaidtome.Susan_______methatshe______________therebefore.3.“Lucywenttotheparkwithherfriends,”Lilysaid.LilysaidthatLucy______________totheparkwithherfriends.\n4.Mygeographyteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Mygeographyteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthantheearth.5.“Icleanedtheroomyesterday,”Tomsaid.Tomtoldmethathe_______cleanedtheroom_____________________.6.“Youcancomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.HesaidthatI_____________________beforefive.7.“Tomrepairedhiscartwoweeksago,”shesaid.ShesaidthatTom_______repairedhiscartwoweeks_______.8.“Didyoufinishtheworklastweek?”heasked.He______________Ihadfinishedtheworktheweek_______.9.Shesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”She_______Jimthathe_______sitthere.10.Heasked,“Whenwillyoubeback,Susan?”HeaskedSusan_____________________beback.11.Sheaskedme,“Youwenttherethatday,didn’tyou?”Sheaskedme____________________________therethatday.12.“Didyoudoyourhomeworklastnight,Jack?”Sheasked.SheaskedJack____________________________hishomeworkthenight_______.13.Theoldmansaidtome,“Leavethewindowopen.”Theoldman_______me_______leavethewindowopen.14.“Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?”Tomaskedme.Tom_______me_____________________tohaveacupoftea.15.“Don’tplayfootballinthestreet,Mike,”shesaid.She_______Mike_____________________footballinthestreet.【指点迷津】直接引语变为间接引语时，需要注意以下变化：◆人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的主语的人称要遵循“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”的原则。如下表：直接引语的主语变为间接引语后第一人称与主句的主语一致第二人称与主句的宾语一致第三人称不变◆时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态应进行如下变化：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时◆指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化\n直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语地点状语herethere时间状语yesterdaythedaybefore动词comegotodaythatday指示代词thisthattomorrowthenextdaythesethoseagobefore◆注意事项1.如果主句为一般现在时或将来时态，间接引语的时态不变。2.如果在当地转述，here不改为there，come也不改为go。3.如果在当天转述，today,tomorrow或yesterday等不改变。4.如果转述的是自然现象、客观存在的规律等，间接引语的时态不变。副词和形容词一、考查形容词的用法Ⅰ.单项选择()1.¬¬—Whatnewsitwas!—Yes,allofthechildrenwerevery.A.surprising;surprisedB.surprising;surprisingC.surprised;surprisedD.surprised;surprising()2.—Thiskindoffruitlooks.—Yes,andittasteseven.A.well;goodB.nice;betterC.good;worseD.better;best()3.Hebecamewhenheheardtheexcitingnews.A.angryB.angrilyC.happyD.happily()4.Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.longB.high　C.thick　D.wideⅡ.根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。1.(年轻人)shouldbepoliteto(老人).2.Don’tleavethedoor(开着的).It’stoocold.3.Thebabyis(睡着的).TurndowntheTV,please.4.Basketballisakindof(受欢迎的)sport.Mostpeoplelikeit.5.Helivesalone,buthedoesn’tfeel(孤独的).6.Chinaisa(发展中的)country.【指点迷津】1.形容词作表语，放在系动词之后。2.形容词作宾补，放在宾语之后，与之构成复合宾语。2.大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但有少数形容词只能作表语，如afraid,alone,asleep,awake,alive,ill,well等。4.某些形容词前加定冠词表示一类人或物，为复数概念，在句中起名词作用，可作主语或宾语。5.某些以-ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如friendly,lonely,lovely,likely,daily,lively等。\n二、考查形容词的位置Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成句子。1.你还有别的事情要说吗？Doyouhavetosay?2.老师有一些重要的事情要告诉我们。Theteacherhastotellus.3.人口问题将会是一个大问题。Thepopulationwillbe.4.妈妈带着一个装满鸡蛋的篮子从超市回来了。Momcamebackfromthesupermarketwith.Ⅱ.单项选择()1.Tom’sfatherthinksheisalready.A.highenoughB.tallenoughC.enoughhighD.enoughtall()2.—Whatthingscanyouseeinthepicture,myfriend?—Nothing,Ithink.A.otherB.elseC.anotherD.others【指点迷津】1.形容词修饰名词时，要放在名词之前。2.形容词修饰不定代词，如something,anything,someone,everyone等时，形容词须后置。3.else只能作后置定语，放在what,who,how,where等特殊疑问词和不定代词（副词）之后；而other常用来修饰名词，位于名词之前。4.形容词短语作定语要放在被修饰词之后，作后置定语，但复合形容词作定语时，要放在被修饰词之前。5.enough作形容词修饰名词时，位置可前可后；但enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时须后置。三、考查形容词的比较级和最高级Ⅰ.单项选择()1.Sheiscarefulasme,butI’mthanyou.A.as;muchcarefulB.as;muchmorecarefulC.so;morecarefulD.so,verycareful()2.Tomhasmadeprogressthistermthanbefore.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.much()3.Whichis,thesun,themoonortheearth?A.bigB.biggerC.thebiggestD.thebigger()4.MysistersingsEnglishsongsofusall.A.badlyB.worseC.morebadlyD.worst()5.Ofthetwogirls,Lucyisone.Ithinkyoucanfindhereasily.A.tallestB.thetallerC.tallerD.thetallestⅡ.根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。1.Thisappleis(是……的两倍大)thatone.2.Myhometownisgetting(越来越漂亮).\n3.Shanghaiis(最美丽的城市之一)inChina.4.(越忙)heis,(越高兴)hefeels.5.Nowtheairinourhometownis(好得多)thanitwastenyearsago.【指点迷津】1.句中只出现了一个人或物，没有比较对象时，要用原级。2.表示两者之间的比较时，用比较级。3.表示三者或三者以上的比较时，用最高级。副词一、考查副词的用法Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.“Wemustkeepinthelibrary,”thelibrariansaidtome.(quiet)2.Pleasereadthesentences.Theyouread,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.(careful)3.Ididn’tsleeplastnight,sonowIfeelverytired.(well)4.MrSmithwasmovedatthenews.(deep)5.Itsnowedlastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)Ⅱ.单项选择()1.Whatacough!Youseemill.A.terrible;terriblyB.terribly;terribleC.terrible;terribleD.terribly;terribly()2.Ifyouwanttoknowtheword,you’dbetterlookitupinthedictionary.A.hardlyB.carefullyC.mostlyD.exactly()3.Willyoupleasespeaktoanoldperson?A.kindB.kindlyC.badD.badly【指点迷津】1.副词修饰动词时，位于动词后；修饰形容词时，位于形容词前；修饰副词时，位于另一副词前。2.注意英语中兼有两种形式的副词，如表示空间深度用deep，表示感情上的深度常用deeply；late意为“晚”，lately意为“最近”等。二、考查副词的分类和位置单项选择()1.Shealwaysfinishesherhomeworkontime.Sheleavesitfortomorrow.A.alwaysB.neverC.usuallyD.sometimes()2.—CanyoucatchwhatIsaid?—Sorry,Icanunderstandit.A.almostB.hardlyC.nearlyD.hard()3.—isyoursisternow?—Sheismuchbetter.A.HowB.WhatC.WhereD.Who()4.—isMike?—Ithinkheisatschool.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhereD.How()5.—Hi,Bob!Ican’tfindmyhistorybook.Haveyouseenit?\n—Sorry,Ihaven’t.WhynotaskTim?Perhapshe’sseenit.A.somewhereB.everywhereC.nowhereD.anywhere()6.—haveyoubeeninChina?—Forthreemonths.A.HowlongB.HowsoonC.HowfarD.Howoften()7.—Haveyouhadyoursupper?—Yes,Ihavehadit.A.already;yetB.yet;yetC.already;neverD.yet;already()8.—Ihaven’tbeentoLondonyet.　　—Ihaven’tbeenthere.A.too　B.also　C.either　D.neither()9.Pleasedon’teaticecream.It’sbadforyourhealth.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.toomanyD.manytoo()10.ThecomputerisexpensivethatIcan’taffordit.A.soB.suchC.veryD.quite【指点迷津】副词一般分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、频度副词、疑问副词等。频度副词一般放在系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，行为动词之前。程度副词一般位于被修饰词之前，但enough要放在被修饰词之后。时间副词通常放在句末，但有些也可放在句中。疑问副词通常放在句首。三、考查副词的比较级和最高级单项选择()1.Ifelttiredlastnight,soIwenttobedthanusual.A.earlyB.earlierC.lateD.later()2.Thehorseisgettingoldandcannotrunitdid.A.asfasterasB.sofastthanC.fasterD.sofastas()3.Ibelievethatyouwork,resultyou’llget.A.theharder;thebetterB.theharder;abetterC.themorehard;themorebetterD.morehard;morebetter()4.Whichdoyoulike,tea,orangeorwater?A.goodB.wellC.bestD.better()5.LiMingranfasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too()6.NoonecanrunasfastasJohninhisclass.Thesentencemeans.A.JohnrunsfastestinhisclassB.JohnrunsfasterthananyotherboyinhisclassC.JohnrunsmoreslowlythananygirlinhisclassD.Johnrunsasfastasothersinhisclass【指点迷津】副词的比较级和最高级的构成与形容词类似，但用于句中时，副词的最高级前的定冠词the可以省略。\n动词时态【练习】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.—Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity,MrSmith?—It　　　tenyearssinceIcamehere.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.maybe()2.—Where’sMary?—Ithinkshe　　　inthelibrary.Youknowsheneverwastestime.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.isstudyingD.willstay()3.—Haveyourepairedyourbike,Bob?—Yes,I　　　ittwentyminutesago.A.haverepairedB.repairC.hadrepairedD.repaired()4.—Shallwegoshoppingnow?—Sorry,Ican’t.I　　　myskirts.A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing()5.—　　　youever　　　totheUSA?—Yes,twice.A.Have;goneB.Have;beenC.Do;goD.Were;going()6.—Tom,canIborrowyourmagazine?—Sorry,I　　　ittoMary.A.lentB.havelentC.hadlentD.lend()7.—ThefilmFoundingCeremonyisreallyinteresting.—Yeah,I　　　ittwice.A.haveseenB.seeC.willseeD.hadseen()8.—HowaboutyourtriptoJapan?—Wehaven’tdecidedyet.ButI’llletyouknowassoonaswe　　　thefinaldecision.A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.aremaking()9.—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Hesaidthattheearth　　　aroundthesun.A.goB.goesC.goingD.willgo()10.BythetimeI　　　backtoschool,myclassmates　　　fortheirP.E.class.A.came;haveleftB.came;hadleftC.come;leftD.hadcome;leftⅡ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Aseriouscaraccident　　　　(happen)inthisstreetlastSunday.\n2.—WhatwilltheweatherbelikethiscomingSaturday?—Ihopeit　　　　(be)afinedayforourpicnic!Ican’twait!3.—Doyoulikejunkfood,Linda?—That’smyfavourite.ThemorejunkfoodI　　　　(have),thehappierI　　　　(be).4.—Whatdidyourmothersayaboutthis?—She　　　　(say)thatshe　　　　(try)herbesttohelpmewithmyEnglishnextterm.5.—Don’tgetoffthebusuntilit　　　　(stop),Tom.—Iwon’t,Dad.Don’tworryaboutme.6.—Isyourfatheradoctor?—Yes,heis.He　　　　(work)intheChildren’sHospital.7.—Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.—Oh,I’msorry.I　　　　(have)dinneratmyfriend’satthattime.8.—Isthisjacketyours,Linda?—No,Ithinkit　　　　(belong)toMaria.Shehasaredone.9.Billisagoodstudent.Healways　　　　(finish)hishomeworkontime.10.Bytheendoflastterm,they　　　　(work)therefortenyears.Ⅲ.阅读下面的短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可添加助动词或情态动词。(A)Haveyoueverheardofthesong1.　　　　(call)“Isthereanyonewhotoldyou”?Itmaybeimpossibleforyou2.　　　　(notknow)thesonganditssinger.It3.　　　　(sing)bythefamous“HappyBoy”ChenChusheng,whoappearedonHunanSatelliteTV.Hecaughteveryone’sattention.Beforethecompetitionhewasjustafarmer’ssonwho4.　　　　never　　　　(get)professionaltrainingofanykind.Asachild,Chushengwasn’tagoodstudent,buthewasveryinterestedinmusic.Helikedtolistentoandsinghisfavouritesongsagainandagain.Likemanyotherparents,hisparentsalsowantedhim5.　　　　(go)tocollege,buthefailed.Chushenghadnochoicebuttohelphisbrotherrepairbicyclesandmotorbikes.InSanya,asmallcityinHainanProvince,Chenworkedduringthedaytimewhilehe6.　　　　(sing)indifferentbarsintheevening.Helivedlikethatuntiltheyear2000.In2000,ChenwenttoShenzhen.Heneverthoughtthathisfirstjobinthisnewplace7.　　　　(be)delivering(递送)food.Hewenton8.　　　　(work)inthedaytimeandsangintheevening.Hislifewashardatthattime.InthebarcalledStar-makingFactorieshe9.　　　　(meet)manyfamouslocalmusicians.Inthefollowingseveralyears,Chen,withhismusicaldream,attendedmanymusicconteststhroughoutthecountry,winningprizesmanytimes.Today,whenwethinkabouthissuccess,we10.　　　　(nothelp)thinkingthatifonewantstobesuccessful,heshouldworkharderthanothers.(B)Aneight-year-oldboycameuptoanoldmaninfrontofawell,1.　　　　(look)upintohiseyesandasked,“Iunderstandyou’reaverywiseman.I’dlike2.　　　　(know)thesecretoflife.”Theoldmanlookeddownatthelittleboyandreplied,“I3.　　　　(think)alotinmylifetime,andthesecretcanbesummedup(总结)infourwords:“Thefirstis‘think’.Thinkaboutthevaluesyouwish4.　　　　(live)yourlifeby.“Thesecondis‘believe’.Believeinyourself,basedonthethinkingyou5.　　　　(do)aboutthevaluesyou’regoingtoliveyourlifeby.\n“Thethirdis‘dream’.6.　　　　(dream)aboutthethingsthatcanbe,basedonyourbeliefinyourselfandthevaluesyou’regoingtoliveby.“Thelastis‘dare’.Daretomakeyourdreams7.　　　　(become)areality,basedonyourbeliefinyourselfandyourvalues.”Andwiththat,WalterE.Disneysaidtothelittleboy,“Think,believe,dream,anddare.”【指点】1.根据时间状语判断时态。一般说来，不同的时间状语对应不同的时态（有时也根据具体的语境而略有差异），具体地说：一般现在时：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,…；一般过去时：threedaysago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,…；现在进行时：now,atpresent,thesedays,…；过去进行时：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语从句等；现在完成时：recently,lately,since…,inthepastfewyears,…；过去完成时：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),…；一般将来时：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,…；过去将来时：thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),…。2.在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态。在宾语从句中，如果主句用一般现在时，从句可以根据需要选择时态；如果主句为一般过去时，从句选择相应的过去时态（客观真理除外）。在条件/时间状语从句中，如果主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。3.根据上下文已有时态信息点和语意来确定时态。判别时态最关键的一点就是语境，有时作者为了表明自己的观点，在不同的语境下选择不同的时态，这就要考虑上下文和时态的呼应，一定要注意时态的前后一致性。4.时态中的特殊对策。有的句子时态要考虑一些习惯性的东西，如客观真理一般要用一般现在时，在学习的过程中要牢牢记住，多多分析比较一下，时态就会比较明确。5.时态对比之一：一般过去时和现在完成时试比较：IborrowedabookfromJohnjustnow.我刚才从约翰那儿借了一本书。（事情发生了，强调发生在过去。）IhavejustlearnedfivehundredEnglishwords.我刚学了500个英语单词。（说明现在的情况，可能还会学。）通过比较可知：现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续延续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。6.will和begoingto的用法区别：will常表示带意愿色彩的将来，或者询问对方是否愿意或者表示客气的邀请或命令，还表示客观的将来。begoingto常用于口语中，主要用来表示说话人的打算，计划要发生的事，还可以表示根据某些迹象判断可能或将要发生某事。试比较：Lookattheblackclouds.It’sgoingtorain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。Iwillbetwenty-twoyearsoldnextyear.明年我就22岁了。\n祈使句和感叹句一、祈使句祈使句是表示命令、请求的句子。它的主语是you（听话人），通常不说出。【练习导航】Ⅰ.根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1.这边请！__________,please!2.我来帮你吧。________helpyou.3.我们休息一下吧。__________arest.4.让她走吧。__________leave.5.要永远记住那个可怕的日子。__________thatterribleday.6.务必告诉他这个消息！__________himthenews!Ⅱ.单项选择()7._____thiskindofpeach,andyouwilllikeit.A.TotryB.TryingC.TryD.Tried()8._____theradio,please.Thebabyissleepingnow.A.NotturnonB.Don’tturnonC.NotturndownD.Don’tturndown()9.—Pleasebringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow,Steven.—OK,I_____.A.willB.won’tC.doD.don’t()10.—Peter,don’tsteponthegrass.—______.A.Itdoesn’tmatterB.Ican’tdoitC.Don’tworryD.Sorry,Iwon’tdoitagain()11.—Remembertoaskhertocallmeback.—______.A.NevermindB.That’srightC.UptoyouD.Allright()12.—Let’sgooutandenjoythesunshine.—¬______.It’sboringtostayathome.A.SoundsgreatB.NotatallC.ForgetitD.Noway()13.—______lateforschoolagain,Tim!—Sorry,IpromisethatI______.\nA.Don’t;won’tB.Don’tbe;won’tC.Don’tbe;don’tD.Don’t;will()14.Boysandgirls,______upyourhandsifyouwanttogoforapicnicthisweekend.A.puttingB.toputC.putD.puts【指点迷津】◆肯定结构的祈使句常以谓语动词原形开头。◆否定结构的祈使句常在谓语动词原形前加上Never或Don’t。◆以let引导的祈使句结构，有以下几种情况：1.“Letme+动词原形”，意为“请让我……”。2.“Let’s+动词原形”，意为“让我们……”，表示建议或请求。3.“Let+第三人称作宾语+动词原形”，意为“让……”，表示愿望、命令或允许。◆在开头的动词原形前加Do（务必）或Always（永远），表示强调。如：Dowritetousoften!务必经常给我们写信。二、感叹句感叹句是用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子，通常由how或what来引导。【练习导航】Ⅰ.按要求完成下面的句子，每空一词。1.Theseflowersareverybeautiful.(改为感叹句)______________theseflowersare!2.Thelittleboyisveryclever.(改为感叹句)______________thelittleboyis!3.It’safunnystory.(改为感叹句)_____________________storyitis!4.Whatagoodgirlsheis!(改为同义句)_____________________girlsheis!5.Howdeliciousthefoodis!(改为同义句)______________fooditis!6.Theyarerunningfast.(改为感叹句)______________theyarerunning!7.Hersisterisaverylovelygirl.(改为感叹句)______________lovelygirlhersisteris!______________hersisteris!8.Ihavereadaveryinterestingbook.(改为感叹句)_____________________bookIhaveread!9.Yourdictionaryisveryuseful.(改为感叹句)______________yourdictionaryis!10.Thechildrenaresinginganddancinghappily.(改为感叹句)______________thechildrenaresinginganddancing!Ⅱ.单项选择()11.Whatafriendlyperson_______!Weallliketalkingwithhim.A.isitB.isheC.itisD.heis()12._______swimminginthisriver!\nA.HowgreatfunB.WhatgreatfunC.HowagreatfunD.Whatagreatfun()13._______sadnewsitis!Wemusttryourbesttohelpthemoutoftrouble.A.WhataB.WhatC.HowaD.How()14.What_______fineweatherwehavethesedays!A.aB.theC./D.an()15._______lovelyday!Let’sgoforawalk.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa()16._______dangerousitistorideonabusyroad!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa()17._______greattimewehadlastweek!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata()18._______manheis!A.WhatstrangeaB.HowastrangeC.WhatastrangeD.Whatstrange()19._______interestingitistoswiminthesea.A.HowB.WhataC.WhatD.Howa()20._______thesouptastes!A.HowgoodB.HowwellC.WhatgoodD.Whatwell【指点迷津】◆what通常修饰名词，引导的感叹句的结构为：1.What+a(n)+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语+其他！2.What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语+其他！3.What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他！◆how通常修饰副词或形容词，引导的感叹句的结构为：1.How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！2.How+主语+谓语！陈述句和疑问句一、陈述句陈述句是用来陈述或说明某一事实或某种观点的句子，包括肯定句和否定句两种。【练习导航】将下列句子改为否定句，每空一词。1.TomandJohnareintheclassroom.TomandJohn　　　　intheclassroom.2.Youmustcleanyourroomnow.You　　　　　　　　　　　　cleanyourroomnow.3.Hehasfinishedhiswork.He　　　　finishedhiswork.4.Saraiswashingdishesinthekitchen.\nSara　　　　　　　　dishesinthekitchen.5.Shecameherelastweek.She　　　　　　　　herelastweek.6.Lucyseemstobesad.Lucy　　　　　　　　tobesad.7.Theofficebuildingisnexttothehotel.Theofficebuilding　　　　nexttothehotel.8.GracelearnsEnglishbyreadingaloud.Grace　　　　　　　　Englishbyreadingaloud.9.Weuseplasticbagswhenshopping.We　　　　　　　　plasticbagswhenshopping.10.Therewillbealotoftouriststoourcityinthefuture.　　　　　　　　bealotoftouriststoourcityinthefuture.【指点迷津】肯定句变为否定句时要注意以下几点：◆含有be动词、助动词、情态动词的肯定句变为否定句时，直接在上述动词后加not。其中，must作“必须”讲时，其否定形式应为don’thaveto或needn’t。◆含有行为动词的肯定句变为否定句时，要根据相应的人称和时态，借助助动词do/does/did+not来构成。二、疑问句疑问句可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。【练习导航】Ⅰ.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。1.HeisanEnglishteacher.(改为一般疑问句)　　　　　　　　anEnglishteacher?2.Wehavefinishedthework.(改为一般疑问句)　　　　you　　　　thework?3.Tomoftenhelpsus.(对划线部分提问)　　　　often　　　　you?4.Theyoftenplaybasketballafterclass.(对划线部分提问)　　　　　　　　theyoften　　　　afterclass?5.Hehasfiftybooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分提问)　　　　　　　　books　　　　he　　　　inhisstudy?6.AreyougoodatEnglish?(用French改为选择疑问句)AreyougoodatEnglish　　　　　　　　?7.Canyouanswerthisquestion?(进行肯定回答)　　　　,　　　　　　　　.8.Didhejointhearmylastyear?(进行否定回答)　　　　,he　　　　.Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子，每空一词。9.—你昨天没有去那儿吗？—是的，我没去。－　　　　you　　　　thereyesterday?－　　　　,I　　　　.\n10.你会给他写信还是打电话？Areyougoingtowritetohim　　　　　　　　him　　　　?11.—你每天怎么去上学？—坐公共汽车。—　　　　　　　　yougotoschooleveryday?—　　　　bus.12.汤姆和露西，你更喜欢谁？　　　　　　　　youlike　　　　,Tom　　　　Lucy?13.哪本书是你的？　　　　bookis　　　　?Ⅲ.完成下列反意疑问句。14.Youarecomingtonight,　　　　　　?15.Marycan’tdoitalone,　　　　　　?16.Youseldomseehim,　　　　　　?17.Let’shavearest,　　　　　　?18.Tomisunhappy,　　　　　　?19.Everybodycandoit,　　　　　　?20.Thisisanicecoat,　　　　　　?21.Thosearebeautifulflowers,　　　　　　?22.Hehadeggsandmilkforbreakfast,　　　　　　?23.IthinkmillionsofpeopleknowaboutSusanBoylenow,　　　　　　?24.Somethingiswrongwithyourcar,　　　　　　?25.Thereisabigtreeinfrontofyourclassroom,　　　　　　?【指点迷津】◆一般疑问句一般疑问句通常用yes或no来回答。陈述句变为一般疑问句时，如果谓语动词中含有be动词、助动词或情态动词，则直接把它们提到句首；如果谓语动词是行为动词，则根据人称和时态，在句首加Do,Does或Did，并将行为动词变为原形。◆特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是就句中某一部分进行提问的句子。疑问词包括what,who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how等。如果疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语，疑问句的语序与陈述句语序相同；如果疑问词在句中作其他成分，则用“疑问词+一般疑问句”结构。◆选择疑问句选择疑问句一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问哪种情况属实。其结构可用一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，供选择的最后一个部分用or与前面的部分相连接。回答时不用yes或no，而是根据具体情况直接作出回答。如：—Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?你喝茶还是喝咖啡？—Coffee.咖啡。◆反意疑问句反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个附加问句组成。以下几点需特别注意：1.如果陈述句的主语是表示事物的不定代词，附加问句的主语用it；如果是表示人的不定代词，附加问句的主语用he或they。2.如果陈述句中有hardly,nothing,never,little,few,nobody,nowhere,\nneither等表示否定意义的词，附加问句要用肯定形式。3.祈使句的附加问句一般是在句尾加will(won’t)you？但以Let’s开头的祈使句，其附加问句要用shallwe？4.如果陈述句是“I(don’t)think/believe/suppose/imagine+that引导的宾语从句”，附加问句的主语应与宾语从句的主语保持一致。复合句句子中有一个或更多成分由从句担任，这样的句子叫做复合句。初中阶段常见的复合句包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。一、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语成分的从句叫做宾语从句。◆引导词作宾语从句的句子引导词陈述句that一般疑问句if/whether特殊疑问句原句中的疑问词◆宾语从句使用陈述句语序。【练习导航】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.Heaskedwhichfilmthey_____about.A.willtalkB.aregoingtotalkC.wasgoingtotalkD.weretalking()2.Doyouknow_____bikethisis?A.thatB.whoC.whyD.whose()3.Pollysaidnonews_____goodnews.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are()4.Wedidn’tknow_____shewasreadyornot.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.what()5.—WhatdidyourPEteachersayaboutyourhighjumpatthesportsmeeting?—HesaidthatI_____better.A.candoB.amC.willdoD.coulddo()6.—Iwanttoknowwhen_____haveafieldtrip.—We’llhaveitwhenallthework_____.A.youare;willfinishB.youwill;finishesC.youwill;isfinishedD.you;finish()7.—Couldyoutellmewhen_____?—At10:25,intenminutes.A.thebuswillleaveB.willthebusleaveC.thebushasleftD.hadthebusleft()8.－Doyouknow______he’llarrivehereat9:00thismorning?－I’mafraidhe’llbelate.\nA.thatB.howC.whyD.whether()9.—Couldyoutellme_____?—SheisastudentinEtonSchool.A.whereKateisstudyingB.howKatewasstudyingC.whyKatewasstudyingD.whenKatestudied()10.—Doyouknow_____goingtostayinLondon?—No,Idon’t.Maybeafewdays.A.whenheisB.howlongheisC.whenisheD.howlongisheⅡ.句型转换11.Heaskedhisteacherhowhecouldplaytheviolinwell.(改为简单句)Heaskedhisteacher______________________________.12.Samaskedme,“Doyouoftenrideabike?”(改为复合句)Samaskedme______________________________.13.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddowiththeletter.(改为简单句)Idon’tknowwhat__________withtheletter.14.“Doeslighttravelfasterthansound?”Tomasked.(改为复合句)Tomasked______________________________.15.Shedoesn’tknowhowshegetstothebank.(改为简单句)Shedoesn’tknowhow_________________________.Ⅲ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。16.Idon’tthinkthewatchwill_____(mend)wellin2days.17.Shesaidthatthesun_____(be)brighterthanthemoon.18.IwilltakebackwhatI_____(say).19.Iwantedtoknowifhe_____(can)mendthecar.20.Shesaidthatshe_____(go)fishinglastSunday.21.Shetoldmethatthey_____(talk)aboutanewbookatthistimeyesterday.22.I’msureeverything_____(go)well.23.IhopethatI_____(visit)Beijingsoon.24.IhearthatTom_____(be)hereforaweek.25.Tomtoldhisbossthathe_____(finish)theworkwellifhe_____(give)anotherchance.二、定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，并充当其定语的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句常放在先行词的后面，由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词when,where,why等引导。【练习导航】Ⅰ.根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1.这就是那个帮助过我的人。Thisistheman______________me.2.你在寻找的医生在房间里。Thedoctor_______youarelookingfor_______intheroom.3.你认识那个名叫李萍的女士吗？Doyouknowthelady_______name_______LiPing?4.我收到的那封信是我父亲写来的。\nTheletter_______Ireceived_______frommyfather.5.你还有什么要说的吗？Isthereanything_______you_______tosay?6.你还记得我们几天前拜访过的那个人吗？Doyoustillremembertheman_____________________afewdaysago?7.那个在事故中断了左臂的工人被送进了医院。Theworker_______leftarm______________intheaccidentwassenttohospital.8.这就是我出生的地方。Thisis_____________________Iwasborn.9.这是我看过的最好的小说。Thisis____________________________Ihaveread.10.这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了。Thisisyoursecondtime_____________________usthestory.Ⅱ.单项选择()11.Theboy_____helpedmeyesterdayisplayingsoccerwithhisfriends.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.whose()12.Themusic_____theU2bandplayedwasverypopular.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose()13.Thegirl_____skirtisredisTom’ssister.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that()14.Thisisthebestway_____canhelpusearnlotsofmoney.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.when()15.Anyone______breakstherulesmustbepunished.A.whomB.whoseC.whichD.who()16.Wetalkedthethingsandpersons______wewereinterestedin.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.when()17.Thereisagirl______iswaitingforyou.A.whoseB.whichC.whomD.who()18.I’llneverforgettheday_____Ifirstcomehere.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.who()19.Thisistheroom______helivedlastyear.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which()20.That’sthereason_______hewaslateforschool.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.whichⅢ.将下列句子合并成为含有定语从句的复合句。21.Iremembereverything.Youdideverythingtohelpus.___________________________________________22.Lookattheboyandhisdog.Theyarerunningoverthere.___________________________________________23.Heistheman.Hehasdonelotsofthingstohelpthesehomelesspeople.____________________________________________24.Thisisthereason.Wemustvaluetime.____________________________________________25.Hetoldmethedate.Hejoinedthemusicclub.\n____________________________________________三、状语从句在复合句中，修饰主句中动词、形容词或副词的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间、条件、原因、结果、比较、目的、让步、方式和比较九大类。初中阶段我们需要重点掌握的有时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句和结果状语从句。◆时间状语从句常由从属连词when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas引导。themoment,everytime,eachtime可引出一个从句，相当于时间状语从句。◆条件状语从句常由从属连词if,unless,solongas,aslongas引导。◆原因状语从句常由从属连词because,for,since,as引导。◆结果状语从句常由从属连词sothat,so…that,such…that引导。◆在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或具有将来的含义，从句的谓语动词常用一般现在时表将来。【练习导航】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.Hespokesoquickly______noonecouldfollowhim.A.whichB.afterC.asD.that()2.Wecannotbesurewhatyouwant______youtellus.A.ifB.sinceC.assoonasD.unless()3.－Whenwillhecallyouup?－_______hecomesback.A.AssoonasB.SinceC.BecauseD.Unless()4.Hewillnotgotothecinema_____he’sill.A.thoughB.unlessC.whyD.because()5.Hisfatheris_____busy_____heseldomgoesbackhome.A.too;toB.so;thatC.enough;toD.such;that()6.Hewasreading_____hissisterwaswriting.A.afterB.whileC.becauseD.assoonas()7.______youhavetostayathome,you’dbettergooveryourlessons.A.ThoughB.AfterC.BeforeD.Since()8.Alicewillcometomyparty_____she’sfree.A.afterB.whyC.ifD.though()9.－Waitamoment,please.He’llbebackintenminutes.－Allright.I’ll______here______hecomesback.A.leave;untilB.reach;tillC.stay;tillD.waitfor;until()10.Thequestionis_____thatnobodycananswerit.A.veryhardB.toodifficultC.strangeenoughD.sostrangeⅡ.根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。11.他很小的时候就会骑自行车了。Hewasabletorideabike_____he_____veryyoung.12.直到我叫他的名字，他才看见我。He__________me_____Icalledhisname.13.既然你需要这本书，你就拿走吧。_______________thebook,youmaytakeit.\n14.天气太热了，以至于我想去游泳。Itwas_______________Iwanttogoswimming.15.除非下雨，我会跟你一起去那儿。I’llgotherewithyou_______________.16.如果你有困难，找我帮忙。_____youare_____trouble,askmeforhelp.17.我看电视的时候，我弟弟正在外面打篮球。Mybrotherwasplayingbasketballoutside_____I__________TV.18.我一得到消息就会马上过来。I’llcomehererightaway_______________Igetthenews.19.他没有听见敲门，因为他正在听收音机。Hedidn’theartheknockatthedoor________he________________________theradio.20.如果你不知道这个词的意思，最好查查字典。________youdon’tknowthemeaningoftheword,you’dbetter________________________inthedictionary.答案解析：Key：主谓一致Ⅰ.1.has2.is3.are4.is5.has6.is7.was8.is9.are10.isⅡ.11.werereading12.likes13.went14.has15.knows16.enjoy17.is18.aredoing19.has20.are21-25CBBAB26-30AABCC31-35ADABA直接引语和间接引语1.shewas;her2.told;hadn’tbeen3.hadgone4.is5.had;thedaybefore6.couldgothere7.had;before8.askedif/whether;before9.told;could10.whenshewould11.whether/ifIhadgone12.if/whetherhehaddone;before13.told;to14.asked;ifIwanted15.told;nottoplayKey：形容词一、Ⅰ.1-4ABCCⅡ.1.Theyoung;theold2.open3.asleep4.popular5.lonely6.developing二、Ⅰ.1.anythingelse2.somethingimportant3.abigproblem4.abasketfullofeggsⅡ.1-2BA三、Ⅰ.1-5BBCDBⅡ.1.twiceasbigas\n2.moreandmorebeautiful3.oneofthemostbeautifulcities4.Thebusier;thehappier5.muchbetter副词一、Ⅰ.1.quiet;quietly2.carefully;morecarefully3.well4.deeply5.heavilyⅡ.1-3ADB二、1-5BBACD6-10ADCBA三、1-6BDACBAKey：动词时态Ⅰ.1-5ACDDB6-10BAABBⅡ.1.happened2.willbe3.have;willbe4.said;wouldtry5.stops6.works7.washaving8.belongs9.finishes10.hadworkedⅢ.(A)1.called2.nottoknow3.issung4.had;got(gotten)5.togo6.sang7.was8.working9.met10.can’thelp(B)1.looked2.toknow3.havethought4.tolive5.havedone6.Dream7.becomeKey：祈使句和感叹句一、Ⅰ.1.Thisway2.Letme3.Let’shave4.Lether5.Alwaysremember6.DotellⅡ.7-10CBAD11-14DABC二、Ⅰ.1.Howbeautiful2.Howclever3.Whatafunny4.Howgooda5.Whatdelicious6.Howfast7.Whata;Howlovely8.Whataninteresting9.Howuseful10.HowhappilyⅡ.11-15DBBCB16-20CDCAAKey：陈述句和疑问句一、1.aren’t2.don’thaveto3.hasn’t4.isn’twashing5.didn’tcome6.doesn’tseem7.isn’t8.doesn’tlearn9.don’tuse10.Therewon’t二、Ⅰ.1.Ishe2.Have;finished3.Who;helps4.Whatdo;do5.Howmany;does;have6.orFrench7.Yes;Ican8.No;didn’t\nⅡ.9.Didn’t;go;No;didn’t10.orcall;up11.Howdo;By12.Whodo;better;or13.Which;yoursⅢ.14.aren’tyou15.canshe16.doyou17.shallwe18.ishe19.can’the/they20.isn’tit21.aren’tthey22.didn’the23.don’tthey24.isn’tit25.isn’tthereKey：复合句一、Ⅰ.1-5DDCCD6-10CADABⅡ.11.howtoplaytheviolinwell12.if/whetherIoftenrodeabike13.todo14.iflighttravelsfasterthansound15.togettothebankⅢ.16.bemended17.is18.said19.could20.went21.weretalking22.goes23.willvisit24.hasbeen25.wouldfinish;wasgiven二、Ⅰ.1.who/thathelped2.whom;is3.whose;is4.that/which;was5.that;want6.who/whom/thatwevisited7.whose;wasbroken8.theplacewhere9.thebestnovelthat10.thatyoutoldⅡ.11-15BACCD16-20ADABCⅢ.21.Iremembereverythingthatyoudidtohelpus.22.Lookattheboyandhisdogthatarerunningoverthere.23.Heisthemanwhohasdonelotsofthingstohelpthesehomelesspeople.24.Thisisthereasonwhywemustvaluetime.25.Hetoldmethedatewhenhejoinedthemusicclub.三、Ⅰ.1-5DDADB6-10BDCCDⅡ.11.when;was12.didn’tsee;until13.Sinceyouneed14.sohotthat15.unlessitrains16.If;in17.while;waswatching18.assoonas19.because;waslisteningto20.If;lookitup肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈螂肅薈薄螂膇莁蒀螁荿膄衿螀聿葿螅蝿膁节蚁螈芃蒇薇螇羃芀蒃袆肅蒆螁袆膈艿蚇袅芀蒄薃袄肀芇蕿袃膂薂蒅袂芄莅螄袁羄薁蚀袀肆莃薆羀腿蕿蒂罿芁莂螀羈羁膅螆羇膃莀蚂羆芅芃薈羅羅蒈蒄羅肇芁螃羄腿蒇虿肃节艿薅肂羁蒅蒁肁肄芈袀肀芆蒃螆聿莈莆蚂聿肈薂薈蚅膀莄蒄蚄芃薀螂螃羂莃蚈薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇蚆螃袆羀薂螂羈芅蒈螂肀肈莄螁螀芄芀螀袂肆薈衿羅节蒄袈肇肅莀袇螇芀芆袆罿肃蚅袆肁荿薁袅膄膁蒇袄袃莇莃蒀羆膀艿蕿肈莅薇蕿螈膈蒃薈袀莃荿薇肂膆莅薆膄聿蚄薅袄芅薀薄羆肇蒆薃聿芃莂蚃螈肆芈蚂袁芁薇蚁羃肄薃蚀膅艿葿虿袅膂莅蚈羇莈芁蚈肀膁蕿蚇蝿莆蒅螆袂腿莁螅羄莄芇螄肆膇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