初中现在完成时讲解和练习 6页

或"smce+时间点如:现在完成时HehasbeenmtheGreenChinafortlireeyears.HehasbeenamemberoftheGreenChinafortlireeyears.他加入"绿色中国"已经三年f□工.定义：Theoldmandied4yearsago.----Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.也可以表示过去已经开始,,L表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.——HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.直延续到现在的动作或状态Iboughtthebook5daysago.--Ihavehadthebookfor5days.11.现在完成时的结构表示时间段的短语有：have/has+done（过去分词）fbr+,段时间（foi2years）,since十marry注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come,go,die,,buy等的完成时不能与for,since从句（sincehecamehere）,since十时间点名词（srncelastyear,since5daysago）Jiowlong;foralongtimestudy,be,waitlive等表示,段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如，V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别since等，常和（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去30多年。如：Ihavelivedherefbrinoiethanthirtyyears.我已在此住广发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。III.现在完成时的时间状语Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday°,1.ever,never,twice（once--*）,sofar（到目前为止）,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，Iha\-eseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容己经知道/。）,recently（近来）等间连用刚刚疑问句），just（）.befbre（以前）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ag。，lastweek/...2.Since+时间点,时间段,illthepastlastfewyearsin2008.inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,,since等表示yesterday..then（那时），buydie:come表示短暂时间动作的词，如，go,,marry,等的完成时不能与fbrthatday,oneday,once（,,,段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或及过去重复的动作，如livestudy,bewait等，常从前）现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever,never,twice,sofar（到目前为止）,sincesincefll（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。，for,inthepast/lastfewyears,already（肯定句）,yetyet"ye七说明：already与都有“已经的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。常用于（否定，疑问句）,just（刚刚），before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词•般是延续性的，如Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework,live,teach,learn,woric、.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyetsmdy,know.VI.比较也就是说现在他们人不在这里他们已经离开了Theyhaveleft.Qhave/hasbeento.have/hasgonetoflIhavebeeninhave（has）beento…表示"曾去过某地，已经从那里回来『”，可以和ever、never、twice）Jhavehadmylunch.（我已经吃过午饭了也就是说我现在不饿等连用。Ican'tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.have（lias）goneto表示“已经去/某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have（has）beenm衣示“agothreelast如现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用注意：1）,yesterday,weekyears在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示•段时间的状语连用，如：since,for.howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek2）;等上周他去「上海连用不能与when\nHehasbeentoShanghai.他工v.现在完成时的用法（曾经）到/去过上海.（但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了）HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了.（也许刚动身出发，也许已经到广,也许还在路上，反正他人不.衣示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结A在这里）果）。例如：Mr.Bro,wiihasbeeninShangliaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了Thecarhasarrived.车子来/。（结果：车子已在门口）六.过去分词Someonehasbrokenthewmdow.有人把窗户打破广。（结果：窗户仍破着）1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。（包B.持续到现在的动作或状态，表示过去已经开始，可以和衣示从过去某•时刻延续到现在四点变化规则：等。时间段、如，在内）的•段时间的状语连用现在“括”£。=+过去的时间点、疑问词since+howlong（1）、•股动词，在词尾直接加"ed"。例如：work---worked―worked,visit—visited―visited我叔叔在这个工厂I：作已经五年了。Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.（2）、以"e"结尾的动词,只在词尾加"d"◎自从Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.•直住在中国°Mr.Black2002年live---lived―lived,你来这里多久了？Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?。“ed"，再加i变为y结尾的动词，将+y”辅音字母“、以（3）”+时间段“fbr时间状语为句中谓语动词用现在完成时，用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，study---studied--studied,cry---cried-criedIhavekept（不能用haveborrowed）thebookforquitea电\vdays.★3、用be替代become、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有•个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加（4）“ed二Howlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?stop--stopped-stopped、drop-dropped-dropped★4、用haveacold2、不规则动词：代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.AAA型*5、用wear代替putoncastcastcastburstburstbursthurthurthurtletletletputputputb)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词costcostcostcutcutcuthitluthitshutshutshutspreadspreadspreadsetsetset1>be+marned代marry2、be+111代foil(get)illreadreadreadread原形发音为/nd,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代foil(get)asleeplose.die,sell,leave+goneAABbeatbeatbeaten彳弋awake代wake/wakeup6、bebe5、+代close/shuti^+openbecomebecamebecomeABA型runranruncomecamecomeopen8、beclosed?、belose、be+missmg(gone,lost)代9特殊情况ABB型“be+副词”代终止性动词c)用代getupup”代start,beginbringbroughtbrouglitbuyboughtboughtbuildbuiltbuilt2"be+1"be+on''returnto,comebackto,gobackto3“be+back(to)”代catchcaughtcaughtbumburntburntdigdugduggo4"behere(there)''代come(arrive,reach,get)here或findfoundfoundfightfoughtfought(arrive,reach,get)there等等feelfeltfelt+介词短语hearheardheardholdheldheldkeepkeptkept”代终止性动词"bed)用代替jointhearmy\n代替loselostlost1."bein-'at十地点"goto/cometo2.用beinthearmylaylaidlaidleadledledmakemademademeetmetmetsellsoldsold3."bein'at也点”代替movetoshootshotshotsitsatsatstandstoodstood常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1.havearrivedatinsw.gotto/reachedsw.come/gone/mo^-edtosw.sweepsweptsweptteachtaughttauglittelltoldtoldwinwonwon—havebeeninsw./at・••相应的介词tlunkthoughtthoughtABC2.havecome/gonebacb'retiimed—havebeenback型breakbrokebroken3.havecome/goneout-*liavebeenoutbeginbeganbegunblowblewblown5.haveclosed/opened-*havebeenclose/opendrivedrovedriven4.havebecomehavebeenchoosechosechosendrawdrewdrawndrinkdrankdnink6.havegotup-*havebeenup：ead：7.havedied-*liavebeendfbigivefbigavefbrgivenflyflewflownfreezefrozefrozen8.haveleftsw.-*havebeenawayfromsw.gh^gavegh^enforgetforgotforgottengrowgrewgrown9.havefallenasleq)/gottosleephavebeenasleepknowknewknownrideroderidden：：10.havefimshed'ended'completedhavebeenoverringrangrungriseroserisenshakeshookshakensinksanksunkswimswamswum11.havemarried—havebeenmarried：singsangsungwritewrotewrittenthrowthrewthrown：12.havestarted'begiintodosth.-*havedonesth.)不能直接与goJeave,joinforsince连用。要改变13.havebegun-*havebeenon14.haveborrowed/bought~*havekept'had,瞬间动词(七.buy.die,join,come动词15.havelosthaven'thad16.haveputon-*havewornbuy----haveborrowkeep：17.ha^•ecaught/getacold-*havehadacoldbeginbeongoout——beout18.havegottoknow—haveknownleave--beawaycome/airive/reach/gettobein19.have/hasgoneto-*havebeeninfinish--beoverclosebeclosedopen----beopen20.havejoined'havetakenpartintheleagiie/theParty/thearmydie--bedeadbuyl.have★代替havebeentheParty'smember/liavebeenin/—havebeenamemberofhasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Mybrotherhashad(不能用borrow代替have或keep、用？★.现在完成时练习(一k)A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin()11.—Doyouknowlumwell?—Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.•、用过去时或现在完成时填空：AwereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade1.“you(have)lunch?”"Yes.M()12.HehasbeentoShanghai.hashe?“Whenyou(have)it?M"I(liave)itat12:00/,A.akeadyB.neverC.everD.still2.“you(write)alettertoyourauntyet?"()13.Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.“Yes,I.I(write)onelastweek"A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began3.“he(finish)hishomework?""Notyet."()14.Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.4."theyever(be)abroad?n"YesJustonce."A.IsB.hasC.willD.was5.Yourfatherjust(finish)luswork.()15.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.\nShetothelibrary1.Yburfather(finish)hisworkjustnow.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen2.LasttermI(learn)manyEnglishwords.()16.MyparentsShandongfortenyears.3.They(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen4.Henever(go)tothesciencemuseum.()17.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?5.youever(drink)coke?A.sotheyB.don'ttheyC.havetheyD.haven'tthey6.Haveyou(buy)adictionary?”"Yes,I."()18.hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?••“Whereyou(buy)it?M"I(buy)itinabookstore.MA.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,got“Whenyou(buy)it?""Yesterday."C.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived二、单项选择。()19.Hisuncleformorethan9years.Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyear.()1.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.wroteDhaswrittenB.iswritingA.waswritingC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity?()2HaveyoumetMr.Li20、一youyourhomeworkyet?—Yes.Iitamomentago.A.Did;do:finishedB.Have:done:finishedamomentagoC.beforeDB.JustA.agoC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finishAbouttwomonths.—Howlonghaveyou()3.一here?21、HisfatherthePartysince1978..arrivedDC.gone.beenAB.comeA.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeeninYes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.一Oirrcountryalotsofar.一()4.22、-Doyouknowlumwell?一Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.haschanged:wellABhaschangedbetterCD.changed;betterchanged：goodA.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemadeYes.Iitamomentago.()5.youyourhomeworkyet?23Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebusfor20minutes.Have;done:finishedBDid;do:finishedAA.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.liadbeenaway.will;do;finishDHave;done;havefinishedC24.1theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin24.Thefactory_sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.openedWeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.()6.25.MaiyandRosefriendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.made.knew.hadknownB.haveknownCD.knowA26.Themeetingforaweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenoverHanyPotterisaverynicefilm.Itwice.()7.27.MissGaothisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught\n30.Howlonghe?A.diedB.has.diedC.has.beendead.see.haveseenB.willseeA.sawCD31.Heateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadsleptReally?Whenthere?dieUmtedStates.—tobeenhaveThese-()8.formers32.Hethecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashadA.willtheygo.dotheygoCdidtheygoB.havetheygoneD33.Howlongyouill?Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been35.Hllendyouthebook,butyoucanonlyitfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.takeintliisschoolfortwoyears.()9.ZhouLangalready40.HowlongcanIthebook?Twoweeks..are;studying.will:studyBwas:studyingA.has;studiedCDA.borrowB.lendC.getD.keepHisfatherthePartysince1998.()10.的各种形式填空。go及have/hasbeento/rn.havegoneto四、用.C.has;studiedD.are;studying1)WhereisJack?Hehiscountry.7、WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.theparkjustnow.2)DavidA.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knewEnglandsincehecameback.3)Jolin8^HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.Iittwice._this^-illage?4)HowlongyouA.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see_Beijingforyears.5)TheSmiths・I•9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.——Really?Whenthere?_theremanytimes._America?—Yes,I6)youever_A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone7)I_thisschoolsincethreeyearsago..10、-youyourhomeworkyet?—Yes.Iitamomentago.thefarm.8）WhereisJmi?He_A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedanhourago.9）When__he__?HeC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish_therebefore._thezoowithme?—Yes,butI10）Wouldyouliketo.11、HisfatherthePartysince1978.五、延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeeninHefor10years/since10yearsago.l.Hedied10yearsago.12、-Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.Hethebookfbr2weeks.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemadeHethemotorbikeforamonth.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.13、一Howlonghaveyouhere?—Abouttwomonths.Heheresincetlireedaysago.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.—A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrivedThelightfor2hours.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.14、Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.Hefromherefbr\n2years.6.Helefthere2yearsago.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.beganThefilmfor30minutes.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.——15、Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Thedoorforanhour8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.A.isB.hasC.willD.wasThedoorfbranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.shetothelibrary.year.Heafora10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeenItayearhejoinedthearmy.Hethearmyfbrayear.现在完成时练习（二）单项选择。.Maybetheywhat'shappenedtohim.、Bothhisparentslooksad12014（呼和浩特）AD.mustknow.haveknownB.knewC.willknow2、HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?C.neverBA.already.ever.stillDHave、3?metyouMrLiB.justA.ago.amomentagoD.beforeC、4Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyears...haswrittenD.wroteCB.iswritingA.waswritingbewillithopeI.Yes.farsolotacountry、-50ur-even■■・changed;goodB.haschanged;wellACD.changed;better,haschanged;better、6ZhaoLanalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears...will;studyB.was;studyingA