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初中英语总复习专项练习介词1.介词的含义,介词(虚词),不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。中考需要掌握的11个介词:in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before表示时间的介词A.典型例题:1.in1996/in2002/in1847(年份)2.inOctober/inFebruary/inMarch(月份)3.inspring/insummer/inautumn/inwinter(季节)4.inaweek/inayear在1周/年中5.inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheevening在上午/下午/晚上inthosedays在当时/innotime立刻/inthedaytime在白天/inthefuture在将来/inoneminute在1分钟内/最后intheend表示较长时间(长于一天或短于一天)如:年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“in”。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B.典型例题:1.atteno’clock/atseventhirty.(表示某一钟点)2.atnoon/atnight/atmidnight(在中午、晚上、半夜――一天中相对短暂的时间)3.attheageoftwenty/attheageofthirty-five(表示某一年龄)4.atthattime在那时/atthemoment这时、那时、此刻/atfirst首先/atlast最后=intheend/atonce立刻、马上/at/on(the)weekends在周末/在一年中的这个时候atthistimeofyear/在……开始/结束时atthebeginning/endof表示时间的某一点(或表示某时刻)如:钟点、年龄或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C.典型例题:1.onMonday/onTuesday/onWednesday/onFriday2.onJanuary1/onApril18/onMay313.onJanuary1,1988/onApril18,2002/onMay31,19774.onMondaymorning/onTuesdayafternoon/onWednesdayevening5.onawintermorning/onasummerevening/onaautumnafternoon6.onthemorningofMayfifth7.onmybirthday/onthatday/onNewYear’sDay/onthefirsttwodays/onChristmasDay8.值日onduty/准时ontime/表示某一天或者特定(某一天上下午)的时间用介词“on”。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D.典型例题:1.fortwohours/forthreedays2.forhundredsofyears3.forthelastthreeyears/forthepastthreeyears4.forawhile\n表示持续一段时间用介词“for”。“for”+“段时间”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E.典型例题:1.from9o’clockto11o’clock2.fromFebruarytoApril3.from1980to19904.fromthenon从那时候起(用于一般过去时),fromnowon从现在起(用于一般将来时),fromtimetotime时不时地表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词“from…to…”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------F.典型例题:1.duringtheweek2.duringthosethreemonths3.duringmyvisit4.duringtheholidays/meeting5.duringthespring表示“在……的期间”要用介词“during”,during表示在特定的时间里,其后的名词前要用定冠词或者表示特定意义的代词。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------G.典型例题:1.since1986/since19772.sincelastsummer/sincelastweek/sincelastmonth3.sincethen从那时以后4.sincehecamehere自从他来了以后表示“自……以来”,表示从过去某一时刻到现在,用介词“since”。“since”+“点时间”,主句常用现在完成时。巩固练习:1.since7o’clock2.sincelastMonday--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H.典型例题:1.Theparkisopentill5p.m.2.Hedidn’tleavetheparkuntil4p.m.表示某动作或者状态延续到某一时间终止,用介词“till/until”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I.表示时间介词的比较1.典型例题:1.Thetrainleavesat8o’clock,soyou’dbetterbethereby7:50.火车八点钟开,所以你最好八点五十以前赶到那儿。2.HeleftShanghaiattheendoflastyear.去年年底他离开了上海。(过去式)3.Bytheendoflastyearhehadfinishedthework.到去年年底,他已经完成了工作。at表示事件发生在某一时间点上;by表示事件发生在某一时间点前。\nattheendof+时间/地点,表示时间时,一般用于一般过去式。bytheendof+时间,表示时间时,一般用于过去完成时。intheend=atlast最后--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.典型例题:1.Hefinishedtheworkthreedaysago.2.Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworkthreedaysbefore.3.Hewillfinishtheworkinthreedays.4.Threedayslaterhefinishedthework.threedaysago表示从今天算起三天前;threedaysbefore表示从过去某个时间开始算起的三天前;inthreedays表示从今天算起的三天以后Threedayslater表示从过去某个时间开始的三天后;。ago,用于一般过去式;before,用于过去完成时;in用于将来时。巩固练习1.FourdayslaterhecamebackfromBeijing.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.典型例题:1.before2o’clockthemeetinglunch1990before后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特定的时间),表示在某个时间之前NationalDay2.after2o’clockthemeetinglunch1990after后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特定的时间),表示在某个时间之后NationalDay由before和after构成的时间介词短语都不能用于现在完成时。after的习惯用法:afterwork/afterschool/afterclass巩固练习1.after8o’clock2.afterbreakfast3.afterawhile过了一会儿4.thedayaftertomorrow5.beforesupper6.beforeclass7.thedaybeforeyesterday8.beforelong不久前--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.典型例题:onenight/thismonth/thatsummer/lastyear/nextweek/thedaybeforeyesterday/theweekafternext再下一周由one/this/that/last/next等修饰的表示时间的词组前不需要用介词。\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------表示方位的介词A.典型例题:1.在树上inthetree/在同一个班inthesameclass/在北京inBeijing2.在世界上intheworld/在河里intheriver/在城市inacity3.在阳光下inthesun/在北方inthenorth/inChina在中国4.在第五中学inNo.5MiddleSchool5.在……的前部inthefrontof在……前面infrontof6.在……中间/(内部)角落inthemiddle/cornerof7.固定用法:住院inhospital/在露天intheopenair/躺着看书readinbed8.站成行standinline/处于危险中indanger/处于麻烦中introuble/惊奇地insurprise9.用英语inEnglish/穿红色的inred/以…方式in…wayof表示大地方,表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用in,或表示在…范围之内。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B.典型例题:1.在…的尽头attheendof/在大门口atthegate/在第二个十字路口atthesecondcrossing2.在公共汽车站atthebusstop/在校读书atschool/在家athome3.在医院诊所atthedoctor’s/在……头部/脚下atthehead/footof4.atthestation/airport/zoo/postoffice5.atthefrontdoor/atthecinema/supermarket/meeting/party/thecrossroad6.固定用法:stayathome/atwork/attable在吃饭表示较小的地方,表示空间的某一点,出入口等,选at--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C.典型例题:1.在墙上onthewall/在…的另一边ontheothersideof/在左边/右边ontheleft/right2.在左/有手边ontheleft/righthandside/在火车上onthetrain3.在电视/收音机/电话/网上onTV/theradio/thetelephone/theInternet4.固定用法:访问…onavisitto…/展览onshow5.在去…的路上onthewayto…6.onmyhead/nose表示附着在表面上,覆盖等,表示接触的面上、边上、线上,用on。比较:aholeinthefloor/wallTherearemanyapplesonthetree.Therearemanybirdsinthetree.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------几组表示位置关系的介词比较D.典型例题:north1.JapanisintheeastofAsia.2.JapanistotheeastofChina.3.KoreaisonthenortheastofChina.\nwesteastDCBAsouth巩固练习:1.BisintheeastofA.2.DistotheeastofA.3.CisontheeastofA.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------