初中宾语从句详细讲解和练习题 8页

英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、Aliarisnotbelievedwhenhespeaksthetruth.说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。2、Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing.一知半解，自欺欺人。3、Allriversrunintosea.海纳百川。4、AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。5、AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。6、Abadbeginningmakesabadending.不善始者不善终。7、Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。8、Afaithfulfriendishardtofind.知音难觅。9、Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。10、Afriendiseasierlostthanfound.得朋友难，失朋友易。11、Agoodbeginningishalfdone.良好的开端是成功的一半。12、Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.善始者善终。13、Agoodbookisagoodfriend.好书如挚友。14、Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.良药苦口。15、Amother'sloveneverchanges.母爱永恒。16、Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.一天一苹果，不用请医生。17、Asingleflowerdoesnotmakeaspring.一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。18、Ayear'splanstartswithspring.一年之计在于春。19、Ayoungidler,anoldbeggar.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。20、Betterlatethannever.不怕慢，单怕站。21、Byreadingweenrichthemind.读书使人充实，22、Careanddiligencebringluck.谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。23、Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess.自信是走向成功的第一步。24、Customisasecondnature.习惯是后天养成的。25、Custommakesallthingseasy.有个好习惯，事事皆不难。26、Doingisbetterthansaying.与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。27、Donothingbyhalves.凡事不可半途而废。28、Don'tputofftilltomorrowwhatshouldbedonetoday.今日事，今日毕。29、Don'ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.不要自找麻烦。30、Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.早睡早起身体好。31、Easiersaidthandone.说得容易，做得难。32、Easycome,easygo.来也匆匆，去也匆匆。33、Eattolive,butnotlivetoeat.人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。34、Everymanhashisfaults.金无足赤，人无完人。35、Everymanisthearchitectofhisownfortune.自己的命运自己掌握。36、Everyminutecounts.分秒必争。37、Eachcoinhastwosides.38、Factspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。39、Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是成功之母。40、Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助。41、Healthisbetterthanwealth.健康胜过财富。42、Honestyisthebestpolicy.做人诚信为本。\n43、Hopeforthebest,butpreparefortheworst.抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。44、Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。45、Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量46、Likemother,likedaughter.有其母必有其女。47、Nopain，nogain.（不劳无获。）48、Youneverknowtillyouhavetried.不尝试，不知晓。。49、Anidleyouth,aneedyage.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligenceisthemotherofsuccess.勤奋是成功之母。51、Earlytobed,earlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聪颖。52、Experienceisthebestteacher.经验是最好的教师。53、Nothingintheworldisdifficultifyousetyourmindtoit.世上无难事，只怕有心人。54、Wherethere'sawill,there'saway.有志者事竟成。55、Practicemakesperfect．（熟能生巧。）56、Pridegoesbeforeafall．（骄傲必败。）SuperstarandIIt’scommonthatmanystudentsarecrazyaboutthosesingersandactors.However,liyundi,apianist,isthesuperstarinmyheart.Heisamanoffewwordsandheevenlookslikethegreatestpianist—Chopin.Whenlisteningtohismusic,Icangetridofeverythingnoisyaround.What’smore,Icanfeelhisstrongloveformusic.Romewasn’tbuiltinoneday.Heachievedthegreatsuccessthroughhugeeffort.Icanlearnfromhimthatweshouldnevergiveuptorealizeourdreams.SuperstarandIHernamefirstappearedasajokethenlikeawonder.SheisSusanBoyle,thesuperstarinmyheart.Althoughshe’snotbeautiful,hervoiceandspiritmovedalltheaudience,includingme.Thesong’Idreamedadream’thatshesangtouchedeveryone’sheartwhohadadreamandwantedtorealizeit.Shetaughtmehowtogoonmydreamsaswellasnevertogiveup.Sheislikeasunshinethatgivesmehope.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.宾语从句讲解在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1．语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如：Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？Thesmallchildrendon'tknowwhatisintheirstockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，howmany，howmuch等。如：Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。Theteacheraskedushowmanypeopletherewereintheroom．老师问我们房间里有多少人。\n3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，howmany，howmuch，when，why，how，where，if／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：Hehasn'tdecidedifhe'llgoonatriptoWuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，howmany，howmuch，how等。如：Doyouknowwhichclassheisin？你知道他在哪个班吗？SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2．连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：Hesaidthathecouldfinishhisworkbeforesupper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：Idon'tknowif／whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether：①在具有选择意义，又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whether（if…ornot也可以使用）。如：Letmeknowwhether／ifhewillcomeornot．（＝Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome）让我知道他是否能来。Idon'tknowwhether／ifhedoesanywashingornot．（＝Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego．我不知道我们是去还是留。②在介词之后用whether。如：I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。③在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。Idon'tknowwhethertogo．我不知去否。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion．她是否能来还是个问题。Thequestioniswhetherwecancatchthebus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook．可理解为：a．Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b．Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。\n3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Couldyoutellmewhyyouwerelateforthemeetingthismorning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？3．时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：Idon'tknowwhenhewillcomeback．我不知道他将何时回来。Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：①Thechildrendidn'tknowwhohewas．孩子们不知道他是谁。②Heaskedhisfatherhowithappened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。4．注意：if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：—Doyouknowwhenhewillcomebacktomorrow？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？—Sorry，Idon'tknow．Whenhecomesback，I'lltellyou．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。—Idon'tknowifhewillcome．我不知道他是否会来。—Hewillcomeifitdoesn'train．如果不下雨，他会来的。简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：　　方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：　　LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.→Wedecidedtohelphim.　　方法二：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：　　Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.　　注：当主句谓语动词是tell，ask，show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation？\n　　方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.→Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.　　方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：　　Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.Thepoorboydoesn’tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.→Thepoorboydoesn’tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.　　方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：　　LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.→LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.　　方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.→Theboysseemedtowin.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：　　IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy. 宾语从句练习1()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.cantakeB.wouldtakeC.takesD.willtake()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled二，()1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that()2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.\nwhere()3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe()5Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when()6Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow()7Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose三，()1.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()2.Pleasetellme______whatlastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked()3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit()4.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid()5Didyouknow____?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter()6Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijingExercises:用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句。Whatishername?(Idon’tknow)2。WheredoesDoctorLiuLive?(Doyouknow)3．Whatdidheloseattherailwaystation?(Wouldyoutellme)4Whyisthecinemaclosed?(Iwonder)5Whendidtheaccidenthappen?(Pleasegoandfindout)6Whatforeignlanguagecanyouspeak?(Iwanttoknow)7Whoseboxisitonthefloor?(I’mnotsure)8Howmuchdidyoupayforthedictionary?(Pleasetellme)9Sheisateacher.(Ihear)10DoesherauntliveinParis?(I’mnotsure)11IsMrs.Leeintheclassroom?(Iasked)\n12Whowillcometojoinus?(Doyouknow)13Mysonishavingacold.(shesaid)14.Willitrainagaintomorrow?(Idon’tknow)　　1、Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater_______?　　A．Mumisneeded    B．doesMumneed　　C．Mumneeds     D．didMumneed　　2、Canyoutellme_______?　　A．whereheis      B．whereishe　　C．heiswhere     D．whatishe　　3、Ididn'tknowhow_______toLondon?　　A．wouldtheygo     B．aretheygoing　　C．theywouldgo     D．theyaregoing　　4、Iwanttoknowhowlong_______.　　A．hashebeenback    B．hashecomeback　　C．hehasbeenback    D．hehascomeback　　5、Doyouknow_______?　　A．whatthenewsare    B．whatisthenews　　C．whatthenewsis     D．whatarethenews　　6、Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmymathsifhe_______free.　　A．was  B．willbe  C．wouldbe   D．is　　7、Hewillwritetoyouassoonashe_______toShanghai.　　A．gets  B．isgetting  C．willget   D．shallget　　8、Father_______musicwhenhe_______young　　A．liked…was     B．liked…is　　C．likes…was     D．likes…is　　9、Ilikedsports_______Iwasyoung.　　A．somuchas     B．somuchthat　　C．verymuchwhen    D．verymuchbecause　　10、_______mothergothome,Iwastidyingmyroom.　　A．After B．When C．Assoonas  D．Before　　11、Theteacherdidn'tbeginherclass_______thestudentsstoppedtalking.　　A．until B．because C．afterD．when　　12、Ifit_______tomorrow,we'llgototheGreatwall.　　A．doesn'train B．won'train  C．notrains D．isn'train　　13、Couldyoutellme_______wegettotheplane?　　A．how   B．whether   C．where D．what　　14、Whentheygottothecinema,thefilm_______forthetenminutes.　　A．hadbeenon     B．hasbegun　　C．began      D．hadbegun　　15、Theteachersays_______shewillleaveamessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.\n　　A．if   B．who  C．that  D．what　　16、Lucylooksstronger_______Lily.　　A．than  B．as  C．then  D．notas　　17、Iknownothingaboutit_______hetoldme.　　A．because  B．since C．until  D．after　　18、Youmustmakeyournewhousecleanandsafe_______youmovein.　　A．because B．when C．before D．until　　19、Iwas_______tired_______Icouldn'twalkon.　　A．so…that    B．too…to　　C．very…that    D．very…to　　20、Ithoughthe_______toseehismotherifhe  time.　　A．willgo…has    B．willgo…willhave　　C．wouldgo…wouldhave  D．wouldgo…had　　二、用所给动词的正确形式填空：　　1、Iwon'treturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI_______(notfinish)readingit.　　2、Assoonashesawme,he_______tospeaktome.(stop)　　3、Ihopehe_______(come)backinaweek.　　4、It_______(rain)hardwhenIgottothefactorythismorning.　　5、Theoldmantoldthechildren_______(notwalk)inthericefields.　　6、Hetoldmehe_______(help)herwithhermathsthenextevening.　　7、Shesaidthey_______(know)eachotherforquitesometime.　　8、Ifit_______(notrain)tomorrow,we_______(visit)thePople'sMuseum.　　9、John_______(write)somethingwhenI_______(go)toseehim.　　10、Ourteachertoldusthatlight_______(travel)muchfasterthansound.　　11、WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm_______(begin)　　12、Mikeaskedmeifwe_______(ask)anyquestionsthenextclass.　　13、Willyoucomeandstaywithusforawhilewhenyou_______(finish)doingyourhomework?　　14、ComradeWangdidn'tknowifthere_______(be)onEnglisheveningthatday.　　15、Pleasetellmeifshe_______(come)againnexttime.