初中-定语从句考点最全讲解练习及答案 61页

定语从句\n\n\n定语从句---啥叫定语:修饰方式也啥叫从句啥叫定语从句\n我的书红色的书在桌子上的书我放在桌子上的书正在移动的桌子被移动的桌子MybookTheredbookThebookonthetableThebookthatIputonthetableThemovingtableThetablemovingThemovedtableThetablemoved人称代词+nAdj+nN+介词短语N+定语从句N+vingN+ved\n定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：Maryisabeautifulgirl.ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.\n拆分法\n拆分法—拆、找、合一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课拆：拆成有同一个字的两个句子。一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。找：找同一字翻译句子thegirlishavingclass;thegirlwearsglasses根据特殊疑问句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词thegirlwearsglasses—who合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去Thegirlwhowearsglassesishavingclass\n拆分法学定语从句这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭拆：拆成有两个同一词的两个句子这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜Thestudentishavingdinner,thestudentwearsglasses找:thestudentwearsglasses---who合:Thestudentwhowearsglassesishavingdinner我们用我05年买的电脑拆：Weusethecomputer,Iboughtthecomputerin2005.找：Iboughtthecomputerin2005.—which合；Weusethecomputerwhich/that/不填Iboughtin2005.\n我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友1我在街上遇到了这个朋友，2我以前在上海交朋友Imetthefriendonthestreet.ImadethefriendinShanghai.Who/WhomImadeinShanghai.ImetthefriendwhoImadeinShanghaionthestreet\nJointwosentencesintoone:Theboyismybrother.Hehelpedme.1.Theboywhohelpedmeismybrother.Thefilmisinteresting.Theysawitlastnight.2.Thefilmtheysawlastnightisinteresting.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tworkhard.3.Thestudentswhodon’tworkhardwillnotpasstheexam.\n定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.Thestudents(whodon’tstudyhard)willnotpass先行词定语从句theexam.主句:Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.2.Thewoman(whomyousawinthepark)isour先行词定语从句Englishteacher.主句:ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.从句的主语：you从句的宾语：whom\n3.Ashoeshopisashop(whichsellsshoes).主句：Ashoeshopisashop.从句的主语:which4.Thebook(thatyouwant)isonthedesk.主句从句的主语:从句的宾语：Thebookisonthedesk.youthat引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。Theman(that/whotoldusafunnystory)isinthenextroom.主语Ilostthebook((that/which)yougaveme).宾语\n归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)Aplaneisamachine________________canfly.2)Thecar_______________________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents________________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman___________________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.5)Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks______________interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.which/thatwhich/that///who/thatwhom/that///that\n判断下列引导词在句中的用法Eg:1.Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie.2.Heisthemodelworkerwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.3.Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords.4.ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest.5.Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.指代、所作成分、是否可省略\n1.Thatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk.2.Isthisfactorythatwevisitedlastweek?theoneThisfactoryistheonethatwevisitedlastweek?3.Heisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.for4.ThepersontowhomyoutalkedisLily.ThepersonwhomyoutalkedtoisLily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复2定语从句要避免漏用先行词3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开\n指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√××××关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略\n第三部分：that问题\n关系代词which和that的区别：A.关系代词必须用that的情形：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher.ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.\n有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which定语从句中需注意事项（一）\n从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.\n2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.Notallthatglittersisgold.\n先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.\n先行词是oneof,theone,或用much,little,few,no,any作修饰，用thatIsittheonethatyouwant?Wehaven’tgotmuchthatyoucanofferus.\n当主句已有疑问词who或which时，关系词用thatWhichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?\nSummarize:只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。2）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。5）先行词既有人又有物时。\nB.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用whichThisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.\nFillinthegaps:1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?7.Myhometownisnotthesameone_______itusedtobetwentyyearsago.thatthatthat//that//thatthatthat\nCorrectthefollowingsentences:1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.2.That’sallwhichwanttosay.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.That’sallthatIwanttosay.\n3.Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?4.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich/whowereunknowntousall.5.Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.\nCorrections:1.Themanjustsaidhellotomeismychemistryteacher.who2.Whoisthecomradeyoujustshookhandswithhim.3.Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids.(wherewhich)4.ThisisthebestdictionarywhichIhaveeverused.(whichthat)5.Thehousewhereweliveinisnotverylarge.(wherewhich/that)6.Thehousethatitwasbuiltin1970stayedupintheearthquake.\n第四部分：介词问题\n“介词＋关系代词”即“介词＋whom/which”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_____________Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear____________mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,____________mostpeoplehadhadsupper.onwhichduringwhichinwhichbywhich\nB.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook____________Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_____________Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_____________welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook____________sheoftentalks?forwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhich\n2.“介词＋whom/which”与“whom/which/that/…＋介词”的转换。1）Thechaironwhichsheissittingismadeofwood.Thechair(which/that)sheissittingonismadeofwood.2)Isthisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor?介词for不能与look分开。3.way作先行词1)Theway(inwhich/that)helooksattheproblemsiswrong.\nWhose的用法例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方拆：Iliketovisitaplace.Theplace’shistoryislong.概念颠覆：Hisbook–whosebook.Tom’sbook–whosebookTheplace’shistory–whosehistory找：Theplace’shistoryislong.—whose合:Iliketovisitaplacewhosehistoryislong.例：DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.例：Passmethedictionaryofwhichcoverisblack.总结：whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.对物可用whose,ofwhich两种\n4.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)Thereare100teachersinourschool,__________60arewomenteachers.2)Hehasthreechildren,two___________workasteachers.3)Thattablehasfourlegs,all_____________areveryshort.4)I’mpaintingahouse,theroof_____________isround.I’mpaintingahousewhoseroofis...5)Theyliveinahouse,_________windowsfacesouth.Theyliveinahouse,thewindows______________facesouth.ofwhomofwhomofwhichofwhichwhoseofwhich\n用介词＋关系代词填空1Theboywasstayingintheroom___________windowhecouldclimbdown.2.He’stheman____________Ilearntthenews.3.Who’sthecomrade____________youjustshookhands.4.Thereare52studentsinourclass,___________nearly40areLeaguemembers.5.Iknowaladythehusband____________isaNobelPrizewinner.6.Doyouknowthedriverwhocausedthetrafficaccident____________amanwaskilled.7.Thisistheway__________shestudiesEnglish.throughwhosefromwhomwithwhomofwhomofwhominwhichinwhich\n8.The5yuan_____________heboughtthebookwasgivenbyhisfriend.9.ThestoryaboutShakespeare,_________thisisoneexample,iswellwritten.10.Theoldmanalwayswearshisglasses__________________hecan’tseeanything.11.Thekey_________shewasopeningthedoorbroke.12.Thelibrary___________weoftengoonSundaysisnotfarfromourschool.13.Nooneknowthereason_____________sheisleavingsoearly.14.Atlasttheycametoariver_____________anewbridgeisbeingbuilt.forwhichofwhichwithoutwhichwithwhichtowhichforwhichoverwhich\n关系代词引导的定语从句：Completethefollowingsentences:1.Isthistheschool_____________youvisitedlastyear?Isthisschool___________youvisitedlastyear?2.Heisoneofthestudentswho_____goodatmaths.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____goodatmaths.3.Thegirl_____Ithinkwashonestliedtome.Thegirl______Ithinktobehonestliedtome.4.Chinaisnolonger_______shewas10yearsago.Chinaisnolongerthecountry______shewas10yearsago.(that/which)theoneareiswhowhomwhatthat\n5.TheradioIboughtyesterdayisquitedifferentfrom____________youboughtlastmonth.TheradioIboughtyesterdayisquitedifferentfrom______youboughtlastmonth.6.Doyoustillrememberthehotel__________welivedlastsummerholiday?Doyoustillrememberthepark___________wevisitedlastsummerholiday?7.Thisistheroom____________mygrandmotherusedtolivedin.Thisistheroom____________mygrandmotherusedtolived.theonewhatinwhich(that/which)(which/that)inwhich\n8.Hehastwosons,andbothof_____workasactors.Hehastwosons,bothof_____workasactors.9.Chinahashundredsofislands,_________Taiwanisthelargest.Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargest____________isTaiwan.10.Thisisthehouse__________thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.Thisisthehouse_______windowwasbrokenyesterday.11.Heistheteacher___________helpwehavemadegreatprogress.themwhomofwhichofwhichofwhichwhosewithwhose\n第五部分：关系副词\n附加部分————关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有多重作用。在从句中代替先行词。在从句中作状语。连接作用\n关系副词有三种：where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。\n关系副词的用法：1.where的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）Thehotelwasn’tclean.+Westayedatthehotel.Westayedwhere.先行词关系词从句＝=Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.\n时间状语when例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天拆：我总是记得那一天。我们相遇在那一天。Ialwaysremembertheday.Wemetontheday.找：ontheday–when合:Ialwaysrememberthedaywhenwemet.\n原因状语why—固定句型thereasonwhy…例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。Thisisthereasonwhyyouarelate.例：这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因。ThisisthereasonwhyIinviteyoutotakepartintheparty.\n关系副词when,where,why的用法1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate.\nSummarize:在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+which\nFillintheblanks.1.Istillremembertheday_________wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday____________IfirstcametoBeijing.3.Thefactory_________wewillvisitislarge.4.Thefactory___________hisfatherworksislarge.5.I’llneverforgetthetime_____________weworkonthefarm.6.Thisisthehouse____________welivedlastyear.that/whichwhen/onwhichthat/whichwherewhen/atwhichwhere/inwhich归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.\nPractice:1.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthatthereason_______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where2.I’mgoingtovisittheschool_________mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday___________IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereAAC\n第六部分：中考真题\n1Friendsarethosemakeyousmile,alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who2It’squitecommoninBritaintosay“Thankyou”tothedriversforpeoplegetoffthebus.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.where3---Barbara,wheredoyouwork?---Iworkforacompanysellscars.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who4---DoyouknowHongZhanhui?---Yes.He’sthecollegestudenthasmovedChinesepeople.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whom\n5Jamieisayoungcookwantstoimproveschooldinners.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which6----Doyouknowthegirlinredis?----I’mnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what7Paul’suncleisthemantaughtusmathlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when8ThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1,adiseasehascausedmanydeaths.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.what\n9Isthatthemanhelpedusalotaftertheearthquake.A.whoseB.whichC.whenD.who10---ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn’tit?----Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschoolsthosechildrencanstudyhappily.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what11ThepandaisakindofanimalcanbefoundonlyinChina.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.where12__havefinishedtheworkcanleave.A.ThosewhoB.AnyoneC.TheonewhoD.which\n13IlikethemusicIcandanceto.A.thatB.whoseC.whenD.how14---Isthegirlisinterviewingthemanagerofthatcompanyyourfriend?---Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose15Iliketovisitaplacehistoryislong.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.who16ThenumberofpeoplelosttheirlivesinIndonesianearthquakereachedasmanyas6200.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose\n17arobotisamachinecandosomedifficultworkinsteadofman.A.whoB./C.thatD.what18--Excuseme,canIhaveatalkwithyourmanager?----Yes?Iamjustthemanyouarelookingfor.A.whoseB.whatC.whoD.which19Rosalikesmusicisquietandgentle.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.who20Thebookheboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A./B.whyC.whenD.what\n21I’mafootballfan.I’minterestedineverythingisaboutthe2006WorldCup.A.whoB.thatC.whereD.when22Myparentsusuallybuymesomesimpleclothescanlastalongtime.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose23---DoyouliketheredcarismadeinTianjin?----Sure,itlooksterrific.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.when\n1.D.考点分析:先行词之人且在从句中作主语是，关系代词用who.2.A.考点分析:people是定语从句的先行词，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用who.3.A.考点分析:先行词是acompany,所以关系代词用which.4.A.考点分析:先行词是thecollegestudent大学生，是指人，且在从句中作主语，故选择who.5.A.考点分析:先行词是Jamie,是人，且在从句中作主语。6.D.考点分析:由答语teacher得知，是询问职业，故用what.7.C.考点分析:先行词为theman,且在从句中作主语，故用who.8.B.考点分析:先行词是adisease,指物，关系代词应用which或that.9.D.考点分析:先行词是theman,且在从句中作主语，故用who.10.A.考点分析:先行词是manyschools,表地点，在从句中作地点状语，故用where.11.C.考点分析:本句先行词是animal,是物，故用which.12.A.考点分析:主句主语为those,谓语为canleave.Those又是后面who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词。关系代词的意义、人称、数相当于先行词。定语从句谓语为现在完成时态，助动词have表明，先行词应为复数。\n13.A.考点分析:how不能引导定语从句，应先排除；先行词是themusic,是物，that在从句中作宾语。14.C.考点分析:先行词是thegirl,指人，引导词在从句中做主语，用who.15.C.考点分析:先行词是aplace,后面是history,所以应该是这个地方的历史很久了。所属关系用whose.16.B.考点分析:先行词是people,是人，从句中作主语，用who.17.C.考点分析:what不能引导定语从句，关系代词作主语不能省略，先行词为表示物的名词machine,故用that.18.C.考点分析:先行词为theman,在从句中作宾语，可以用who.19.B.考点分析:先行词是music,是物，用that。20.A.考点分析:book为先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词应用which或that.,在从句中作宾语可省略。21.B.考点分析:先行词为不定代词，定语从句要用that引导，在从句中作主语。22.B.考点分析:先行词clothes为物，用that.23.C.考点分析:先行词car为物，在从句中作主语，用which.