初中英语被动语态专项练习 25页

被动语态一、被动语态的定义英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：WespeakEnglish.句子中主语we是speak（讲）这个动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Englishisspokenbythem.句子中主语English是speak（讲）这个动作的承受者，即英语被讲。被动语态相当于汉语的“被”字句。二、被动语态的构成英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化来体现。被动语态的构成是：主语+be+动词的过去分词人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的形式变化来表示。1、记住下面几种时态的被动语态的构成：一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）一般将来时：主语+will/shall+be+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）\n过去进行时：主语+was/were+being+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）现在完成时：主语+have/has+been+过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）2、含有情态动词的被动语态主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词（+by+动作的执行者）（强调动作的执行者）三、被动语态的用法1、怎样确定该用被动语态？（1）不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者。强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。我们在做题时要注意：如果主语能执行这个动作，就用主动语态；主语不能执行动作，反而要被动作去执行，这时就用被动语态。2、用被动语态要注意两个问题（1）不管是把主动语态变被动语态还是把被动语态变主动语态都要保持时态一致（2）在主动语态中make,see,let等省to的在被动语态中要加上to. 3、不能使用被动语态的情况：（1）不及物动词不能用于被动语态，如：happen,takeplace,last,cost,change，begin等（2）当直接宾语是反身代词时，不能用被动语态\n连系词无被动，而是用主动形式表示被动意义如：feel,taste,smell,sound,look当物做主语时，动词sell,write,wash,cut等用主动形式表示被动意义，说明主语的性质、特征。【复习目标】▲理解英语句式中的语态。▲掌握初中阶段出现的主要时态和情态动词的被动结构及他们的用法。【课前准备】●要求学生对学过的动词的过去分词(不规则)进行记忆。【知识要点】当谓语表示一个动作时，它与主语有两种不同的关系。若主语为动作的执行者时，主谓之间是主动关系，用主动语态；主语为动作的承受者时，主谓之间是被动关系，用被动语态。　　被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，由助动词来表示不同的时态。过去分词的构成分规则与不规则两部分，规则动词的过去分词变化同动词的过去式，不规则动词的变化见书本。（一）几种不同的被动语态的结构1．一般现在时的被动结构：be（isamare）+及物动词的过去分词eg:　Thisdeskismadeofwoodandmetal.Englishisspokenbymoreandmorepeople.\n2．一般过去时的被动结构：was/were+及物动词的过去分词eg:　Awindowwasbrokenyesterday.Thosetallbuildingswerebuiltin1998.3．含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词eg:　Theclassroommustbekeptcleanandtidyeveryday.Thebookcan'tbetakenoutofthereadingroom.注意以上三种被动结构是初中阶段的重点，但初中阶段同时也出现了其他结构。见下面。4．一般将来时的被动结构：AnEnglishpartywillbeheldonNewYear'sDay.OurTVsetwon'tbemendeduntilnextTuesday.5．现在进行时的被动结构：be（am／is／are）+being+及物动词的过去分词eg:　Anewschoolisbeingbuilt.Toomanytreesarestillbeingcutdown.6．现在完成时的被动结构：have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词eg:MorethanthirtyEnglishsongshavebeentaughtsinceSeptember.Theoldmanhasbeensenttothehospital.\n在初中阶段还出现的另三种时态的被动语态，要求理解。7．过去进行时的被动结构：was/were+being+及物动词的过去分词eg:Atthattimethehallwasbeingbuilt.8．过去将来时的被动结构：should/would+be+及物动词的过去分词eg:Hesaidthemachinewouldbeinventedsoon.9．过去完成时的被动结构：had+been+及物动词的过去分词eg：WhenIrememberedandwentbackforit,thebaghadbeentakenawaybysomeone.（二）被动语态的用法1．当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。eg:　Theoldwomanwashitwhenshecrossedthestreet.Theappleswillbepickednextweek.2．当以动作的承受者为谈话的中心时。eg:Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittleson.TheroadmustbesweptbyClassTwo.（三）主动语态变为被动语态时应注意的几个问题。1．在hear,see,watch,listento,lookat,feel等感官动词及make,have,\nlet等使役动词的主动语态中，后面接不带to的不定式。但这些词变被动语态后，后面接的不定式须带to,(let通常不用被动语态)eg:MummadeBillgotobedearly.Billwasmadetogotobedearly.Theywatchedthechildrensingthatmorning.Thechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning.2．带双宾语的主动语带变被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动结构中的主语，另一个宾语保留在谓语后面，多数是把间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。eg:a.Someonewillgivemeacalltomorrowmorning.Iwillbegivenacalltomorrowmorning.Acallwillbegiven(to)metomorrowmorning.b.Iboughtmysonanewbikelastyear.Mysonwasboughtanewbikelastyear.Anewbikewasboughtformysonlastyear.注意：直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语要为某个介词(如：to、for)的宾语，介词to可省掉(如例a),介词for不能省略(如例b)。3．当一个含有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的句子变为被动语态时，只能把宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语补足语不动。eg:Theytoldhimtohelpme.\nHewastoldtohelpme.Wehearhersinginganewsong.Shewasheardsinginganewsong.4．动词短语变被动语态时，短语中的介词或副词不能省略。eg:Youmusttakecareofyourbooks.Yoursbooksmustbetakencareof.MayItryonthecoat?Maythecoatbetriedon?5．有些动词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：cook(做饭)、print(印刷)、sell(读)、miss(丢失)、build(建造)、copy(抄写)等，它们的进行时态就表示被动意义。eg:Mybikeismissing.Thiskindofsweatissellingwell.再如有些不定式表示性质和可能性的形容词hard,easy,possible等或用于too...to,enoughto结构中也表达被动意义。eg:Theproblemistoohardtoworkout.Theairisbadtobreathe.又如在某些动词(词组)中，用动词-ing形式作宾语，表示被动含义。eg:TheTianziMountainisworthseeing.【典型例题解析】\n例1　Thetree______downlastnight.A.cutB.iscutC.wascutD.cuts解析　在该句中，由动作的承受者tree作主语，因此要用被动语态，故先排除A、D；从lastnight看应用一般过去时的被动语态，因此答案为C。例2　Thevillage_______theseyears.A.changesB.ischangedC.hasbeenchangedD.haschanged解析　change可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。在该句中作“变化”解时是不及物动词，不能变被动语态，所以先排除B、C；再从时间状语看，要用现在完成时，所以答案为D。例3　Theclassroomisverydirty.It_____atonce.A.mustsweepB.mustbesweptC.mustsweptD.mustbesweep解析　这是一句含有情态动词的被动语态结构，其结构为：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词，故符合要求的答案只有B。例4　MissLinsaidsomething_______intoherbag.A.wasputB.willputC.isputD.put解析　这是一个复合句，something在宾语从句中作主语，它是动作的承受者，因此put要用被动语态，先排除B、D；而主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态也要变一般过去时，则答案为A。例5　Intheolddays,theworkersweremade______over12hoursaday.A.workB.workedC.toworkD.tobework\n解析　make等一些使役动词或感官动词在主动语态中，动词不定式不带to,但在被动语态的句子中要带to,所以答案为C。【选讲例题】例6　HowmanyEnglishsongs_____inyourclasssincelastterm?A.taughtB.weretaughtC.havetaughtD.havebeentaught解析　Englishsongs在句子中作主语，是teach的承受者，要用被动语态，又从时间状语看要用现在完成时，现在完成时的被动结构为：have/has+been+过去分词，因此答案为D。例7　-Themeeting______inthemeeting-room.Youcan'tfindtheheadmasterthere.A.isheldB.isbeingheldC.washeldD.willbeheld解析　meeting是该句动作的承受者，它作主语，此句应为被动语态，而从后面一句可以看出谓语要用现在进行时。因此这句应为现在进行时的被动结构。故答案为B。【课内追踪练习】(B)1．_____rice_____inyourcountry?A.Does,growB.Is,grownC.Does,grownD.Is,grow(D)2．Theboy_______beforehisparentsarrived.A.wouldbeoperatedB.wasoperatedC.hasbeenoperatedonD.hadbeenoperatedon(A)3．-It'sTom'sbirthdaynextSunday.Don'tforget.\n-Apresent______him.A.hasbeenboughtforB.hasbeenboughtC.hasboughtD.hasboughtfor(C)4．Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.Ithinkitneeds_______.A.repairedB.repairC.repairingD.toberepair(C)5．Nearourschoolanewpark_____builtupbytheendofthisyear.A.hasbeenB.wasC.willbeD.willhavebeen(B)6．Astrangemanwasseen_______theshopwithaheavybag.A.comeoutofB.tocomeoutofC.cameoutofD.tocomeout【复习小结】１、牢记动词的四种变化形式。２、弄清各种被动结构，重点掌握一般现在时，一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态，注意使用被动语态的几种常出现的特殊情况。３、中考时注意选词填空的综合应用。【课外巩固练习】1．将下列句子改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者1)Theywillsaynothingmoreaboutthismatter.\n2)Theyhavemadesomeflowersofsilk.3)Hewroteapoem.4)Thestudentsareplantingsometreesandflowers.5)Theyaretoopenupanewbusinessnextweek.6)Childrencouldn’thavedoneallthisdamage.7)Allofuswillseehimoffattheairport.8)Theyfeedthetigersatthezoothreetimesaday.9)Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforefive.10)Peoplesaythatsheisagoodteacher.2.用所给动词的正确形式填空1)English__(speak)inmanycountries.2)Informationinshort-termmemory__(can,not,keep)verylong.3)Afterthat,oneofthelights__(turnoff)andtherathadtowaitforashorttime.4)Justafewyearsago,tomatoes__(believe)tohavemagicalpowers,makingpeoplewhoatethemfallinlove.5)Itissaidnewcopiesofthebook__(print)now.6)Theoldhouse__(pull)downnextmonth.7)Intheolddays,thechildren__(takecareof)bythemotherbecauseshedidnotworkoutsidethehouse.\n8)Needlesstosay,thesecondlistofwords__(can,remember)moreeasilythanthefirstone.9)She__(send)toanothervillagewhenIgotthere.10)Theteachersaidthatwe__(give)anotherchancesometimenextmonthifwefailedintheexam.第三讲【课外巩固练习答案】1．将下列句子改为被动语态1)Nothingmorewillbesaidaboutthismatter.2)Someflowersofsilkhavebeenmadebythem.3)Apoemwaswrittenbyhim.4)Sometreesandflowersarebeingplantedbythestudents.5)Anewbusinessistobeopenedupnextweek.6)Allthisdamagecouldn’thavebeendonebychildren.7)Hewillbeseenoffattheairportbyallofus.8)Thetigersatthezooarefedthreetimesaday(bythem).9)Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinbeforefive(byyou).10)Itissaidthatsheisagoodteacher.(Thatsheisagoodteacherissaidbythem.)2.用所给动词的正确形式填空\n1)isspoken2)cannotbekept3)wasturnedoff4)werebelieved5)arebeingprinted6)willbepulled7)weretakencareof8)canberemembered9)hadbeensent10)wouldbegiven初中英语被动语态专项练习 ()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.\nA.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6.Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12.Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13.Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14.Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.\nwon'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15.-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16.___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17.___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18.Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19.Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20.Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21.Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbe\nmended()24.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25.Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()26.Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27.Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29.Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30.Thebridges___twoyearsagoA.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt.()31.Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung()32.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsinto\nit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33.Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()34.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35.Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()36.Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()37.Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()38.Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()39.Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()40.Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()41.Thecoat___hersister.\nA.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto()42.I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()43.Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()44.Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou()45.Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()46.Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47.Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48.Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()49.Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()50.Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.was'hadB.washeldC.heldD.had()51Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.\nA.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()52Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()53Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()54Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell()56Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()57.Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()58.Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close()59.Canhe___himself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()60.Hefellfromhisbikeand___.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt()61.Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__A.burntB.burnC.burningD.get\nburn()62.Theapple___verysweet.A.istastedB.taste-C.tastesD.aretasting()63.You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat()64.Whatyousaid___.likeagoodidea.A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded()65.-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing()66..Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned()67..Thebookisworth___.A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read()68.Theboy__offaladderandhurthimself.a.hasfallendownb.wasfelldownc.hasfallenawayd.wasfellaway()69..Muchattentionmust___tothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologya.payb.topayc.bepaidd.tobepaid()70..Thisroom___30feetlongand25feetwide.a.wasmeasuredb.ismeasuredc.measuresd.has\n()71..Thispen____well.a.writesb.iswrittenc.waswrittend.writing()72..They__sowelltreatedthatday.a.sawb.haveseenc.havebeenseend.were()73..Theapartment___tworoomsandakitchena.isconsistedofb.isconsistedc.consistsofd.makesupof()74..Hewas___outofthatbuildingyesterdaymorninga.seentocomeb.beingcomec.seencomed.seecame()75.Thenumberofcaraccidents___.a.hasincreasedb.haveincreasedc.wereincreasedd.areincreased()76.Greatchanges_____inthecity,andalotoffactories_____A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupChavetakenplace;havesetupD.havebeentakenplace;havesetup()77..Whenwegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane___.a.hadalreadytakenoffb.alreadytookoffc.hadalreadybeentakenoffd.wasalreadytakenoff\n()78..Thehouse_myaunt.A.isbelongtoB.belongtoCbelongstoD.isbelongedto()79..TheSecondWorldWar___in1939.a.wasbrokenoutb.hadbeenbrokenoutc.hasbrokenoutd.brokeout()80..Maryisknown___allthestudents.a.tob.withc.ford.of()81..Mybrotherwantstoworkinafactorywhich___still____a.is…buildingb.has…beenbuiltc.is…beingbuiltd.is…tobebuilt()82..Middleschoolboys___nottosmoke.a.alwaystellb.aretoldalwaysofc.arealwaystoldd.isalwaystold()83..Thepackagethathebroughtout__nameanddatea.tobemarkedwithb.wasmarkedwithc.ismarkedbyd.willmarkby()84.Moreflowers___inourschoolgardennextyear.a.growb.aregrownc.willgrowd.willbegrown()85..Thesong___bychildren.a.isoftensungb.wasoftensangc.singsd.hasoftensung()86..TheFrench-PrussianWar___aboutsixmonths.\na.waslastedb.islastedc.hasbeenlastedd.lasted()87..Howdeliciousthedish___!a.tastestobeb.istastedc.istastingd.tastes()88..Hasthedoctor___?a.sentforb.beensentforc.sentoutd.beensentabout()89..Thevillageissosmallthatit__.a.can’tshowinthemapsb.can’tshowonthemapsc.can’tbeshowninthemapsd.can’tbeshownonthemaps()90..___thisgreencoat___you?a.Does…fitb.Is…fittedc.Does…fittod.Is…fitted()91..Coal__electricityveryoftena.isusedtoproducingb.isusedtoproducec.usedtoproduced.usedtoproducing()92.Asweknow,she__awarm-heartedhonestwomanA.considersB.considerstobeCisconsideredbeingD.isconsideredtobe()93..It___thisway.a.ishadtodob.ishadtobedonec.hastobedoned.hastodo()94..Thetelephone__foraboutfiveminutesbeforeit___\na.hasbeenringing;answersb.hadbeenringing;wasansweredc.rang;answeredd.hadbeenrung;wasanswered()95..Ourcity__intoanindustrialcenter.a.isgoingtodevelopb.isgoingtobedevelopedc.willgrowupd.willbegrownup()96.Whathas__hasbeendone.a.beendoneb.tobedonec.tobed.done()97..TheSmiths__roomsinthehotel,fortheirhouse___intheexplosiona.weregiven,hadbeendestroyedb.gave,destroyedc.wasgiven,wasdestroyedd.gave,hadbeendestroyed专项答案：1~5BDDDC6~10BCBBC11~15AABBA16~20BABDB21~25BADAA26~30ADBBC31~35DBADD36~40BBABA41~45CDDBB46~50AABCB51~55BDACA56~60ABBBC\n61~65BCCDA66~70CBACC71~75ADCAA76~80BACDA81~85CCBDA86~90DDBDA91~97BDCBBBA