初中现在完成时讲解与练习 37页

Mother:John,cleanyourteethplease.John:Mum,Ihavealready(已经)cleanedthem.\n现在完成时have/has+过去分词\nnowpastfuture一般过去时现在完成时现在完成时表示：过去发生或已经完成的的某一动作，对现在造成的结果或影响。\nwashyourhands--IhavewashedthemstudyforEnglishtest–Ihavestudiedforitvisityourgrandpa-----Ihavevisitedhim\nFather:Tellyoursistertobuysomemilk,John.John:Oh,shehasjust(刚刚)boughtsome.\n现在完成时一.构成:have/has+done(过去分词)\n过去分词的构成1.直接加-ed。如：play-played2.以字母e结尾的直接加d。如：name-named3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。如：carry-carried4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped\n抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。1.be--2.come—3.go--4.do—5.have--6.drink—7.give--8.eat–9.know--10.make—11.run--12.say—13.see--14.find—15.draw--16.get—17.hear--18.begin—19.buy--20.leave—was/were--beencame--comewent--gonedid--donehad-haddrank--drunkgave--givenate--eatenknew--knownmade--maderan--runsaid--saidsaw-seenfound--founddrew--drawngot--gotheard-heardbegan--begunbought--boughtleft--left\n1)表示过去发生的动作,强调现在的结果或对现在的影响。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗户现在是坏的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解书的内容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干净的)常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.already:已经，常用于肯定句中.yet:还。常用于否定句,疑问句尾.\n2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.常与for,since引导的时间短语或从句连用.since+时间点用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”for+时间段用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”\neg.---I’velivedherefor15years.eg.---I’velivedheresince15yearsago(1998)选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.Hisfatherhasbeeninthefactory______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttimeforsinceforsinceforsince\n常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词:already(已经):用于肯定句Ihavealreadyhadbreakfast..yet(还):用于否定句,疑问句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(刚刚)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾经)HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never(从不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?\nsince(自从…以来)I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(长达)He’slivedinShenzhenfor6years.inthepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在过去的…)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前为止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前为止)\n现在完成时Presentperfect句型1.肯定句“主语+have（has）＋过去分词”。注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。\nIhaveeatenmylunch.Shehaseatenherlunch.Hehaseatenhislunch.肯定句Theyhaveeatentheirlunch.\n现在完成时的否定形式：havenot(haven’t)+过去分词hasnot(hasn’t)+过去分词否定句\nI’vealreadyhaddinner.I________________dinner________.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.He________________hishomework_________.3.Mum’scookedthedinner.Mum_______________thedinner.4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Susan________________Englishatschool.haven’thadyethasn’tfinishedyethasn’tcookedhasn’tlearned把下列句子改为否定句\nHaveyoueatenyourbreakfast?现在完成时的一般疑问句形式Have/has提前+主语+过去分词Hassheeatenlunch.Yes,shehas/No,shehasn’t.eat-eaten疑问句\nI’vealreadyhaddinner.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.3.Mum’scookedthedinner.4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Haveyoualreadyhaddinner?Hashejustfinishedhishomework?Hasmumcookedthedinner?HasSusanlearnedEnglishatschool?把下列句子改为一般疑问句\n注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy··········\n※短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换\nleave--come/go(to)--arrive(at/in)--get(to)--reach--buy--borrow--finish--join--start/begin--die--close--open--return--marry--become--beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/an…beonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarriedbe\n翻译练习：1.我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears.Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears.WW下一页上一页主菜单\n3.他已经回来三天了。4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.我离开家乡已十年了。Hehascomebackfor3days.Hehasbeenbackfor3days/since3daysago.Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单\nmethod2:Itis+时间段since+一般过去时的句子.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。Nick参军3年了.他离开深圳好长时间了。这本书我已借了4个月了.Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.\nHedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)\n6.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________a____forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.\n6.Helefthere2yearsago.---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.---Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.\n现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）\n2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的时间状语\nHehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgoneto\nHewenttoShanghailastweek.他(曾经)到/去过上海[在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了]他已经去上海了[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了[现在还在上海没有离开呢]辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别\n动词填空：1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome\n4.I_______(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_______(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.9.He________(keep)thebooksincetwodaysago.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgaveHaveriddenhaskept\nI’vealreadyhaddinner.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.3.Mum’scookedthedinner..4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Whathaveyoualreadydone?Whathashejustdone?Whohascookedthedinner?WherehasSusanlearnedEnglish?对划线部分提问\n练习题:1.It'salongtimesincewe____(meet)last,isn'tit?2.--Iknowyou___________(choose)apicturebookamongthese.--Yes,Havealookatit,please.3.Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeople___________(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse.4.Myfather____homefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentaway5.Mr.andMrs.Greenhave_____inChinaforaweek.A.beenB.gotC.arrivedD.reachedmethavechosenhavereachedCA\nGood-bye!