初中英语语法总结与练习 31页

word格式初中英语语法总结一、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、代词、数词、形容词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。<一>、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1)专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。如：Beijing,Tom,thePeople’sRepublicofChina专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：theGreatWall姓氏名词如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：theGreens(格林一家人)。2）普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables.②s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes,box→boxes,hero→heroes,dish→dishes,bench→benches.[注意]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos,piano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives.不规则变化：man→men,woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth,fish→fish,child→children,ox→oxen,goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：abagofrice→twobagsofrice,apieceofpaper→threepiecesofpaper,abottleofmilk→fivebottlesofmilk.永远不可数名词巧计：消息说他工作进步老板奖他许多钱，他得到建议如果天气好，他要去买家具，设备，行李。现在他在家喝牛奶听音乐，多么乐趣呀3）名词所有格：名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：①表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Childern’sDay(儿童节),mysister’sbook(我姐姐的书)②以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’Day(教师节)③有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s.如：today’snewspaper(今天的报纸),tenminutes’break(十分钟的课间休息),China’spopulation(中国的人口).④无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).[注意]：①‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：myaunt’s(我阿姨家),thedoctor’s(诊所)②两人共有某物时,可以采用AandB’s的形式,如：LucyandLily’sbedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：afriendofmyfather’s(我父亲的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)4）名词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：①主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)Thewaterintheglassisverycold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)②集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,....\nword格式如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Myfamilyisaverybigone.如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：MyfamilylikewatchingTV.③Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：Thereisasheepintheyard./Therearesomesheepintheyard.④Maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：Thenewsisveryexciting.(这个消息令人兴奋)⑤glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.(裤子很便宜,我想买)专项练习：一、写出下列名词的复数形式：1.pencil-box_______2.wife_______3.Sunday______4.city______5.dress_______6.Englishman_______7.match_____8.Chinese_____9.zoo________10.exam________11.German______二、单选1.June1stis____Dayallovertheworld.A.Child‘sB.Childs’C.Children‘sD.Childrens’2.September10this___DayinChina，isn'tit？A.Teacher‘sB.Teachers’C.TeacherD.Teacherof3._____ismadeof_____.A.Glass；glassB.Aglass；glassC.Glasses；glassesD.Aglass；glasses4.Thisis_______news.A.suchagoodB.averygoodC.sogoodaD.suchgood5.What______itis！Let‘sgoswimming.A.afineweatherB.finedayC.afinedayD.badweather6.TheylikeChinese_____.A.foodandpeoplesB.foodsandpeopleC.foodsandpeopleD.foodandpeople7.LucyandIgotoschool_____everyday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfootsD.bybuses8.–Arethose_____？-No，theyaren’t.They’re_____.A.sheep；cowsB.sheep；cowC.sheeps；cowD.sheeps；cows9.Whatareyoulisteningto，Jane？____or____？A.amusic；anewsB.music；newsC.amusic；newsD.music；anews10.Howmany____and____arethereinyourclass？A.boystudent；girlonesB.girlsstudents；boysonesC.boysstudent；girloneD.girlstudents；boyones11.Agroupof____aretalkingwithtwo___overthere.A.Frenchmen；GermansB.Frenchmen；GermenC.German；FrenchmenD.Germans；Frenchmans12.Thatbusdriverdranktwo_____.A.glassofwaterB.glassesofwatersC.cupsofteaD.cupoftea13.Mrs.Smithisanoldfriendof_______.A.Bob’smotherB.Bob’smother’sC.motherofBobD.Bobmother’s14.Thetallmanwithabignoseis_______teacher.A.TomandCarlB.Tom'sandCarl’sC.TomandCarl's....\nword格式15.Thereis______treeinourschool.A.a8-meters-tallB.an8-meter-tallC.an8meterstall<二>代词一．人称代词：单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语.Heteaches______(we)Chinese.2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为:单数:二,三,一（You,sheandI）复数:一,二,三(we,youandthey)注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)SheandIhavebeentoBeijing.Whobrokethewindow?IandMike.注：it还有一些特别的用法。1）用作形式主语,常用于“It’s+adj+todosth”句型中.2)用在句型:“Itseemsthat…”中.3)用在句型:“It’sone’sturntodosth”中.4)用在句型:“It’stimetodosth/forsth”中.5)用在句型:“It’s+adj+that从句”中.6)用作形式宾语,用来代替动词不定式.make/think/feel/find+it+adj(名词)+todosth.二.物主代词.第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名词性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1.形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。2.名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of连用。Ourclassroomisasbigas______(they).Thisisafriendof______(my).注:1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+名词）2)形容词性的物主代词与own连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.Myownhouse=ahouseofmyown三.反身代词单数复数....\nword格式第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves记忆小窍门:反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替.反身代词的常用搭配:enjoyoneselfhurtoneselfteachoneself=learn…byoneslfallbyoneselfhelponeselfto…lookafteroneselfleavesbbyoneselfloseoneselfinsaytooneselfforoneselfdressoneselfimproveoneselfseeoneselfinthemirror四.指示代词1.近指:thisthese远指:thatthose2.用法:1)thatthose常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复.That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词.Those代替复数名词.TheweatherinGuangdongishotterthan_____inQinghai.Thebooksinthatshoparecheaperthan______inthisshop.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.those2)this,that可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.Hehadabadcold,thatiswhyhedidn’tcome.3)在电话用语中,this代替自己,而that代替对方.ThisisTomspeaking.Whoisthat?五.不定代词的区别.1.one与it的区别One代替同类事物中的一种.而it代替上文中出现的某事物.Thisbookisagoodone.MayIborrowit?2.some与any的区别一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句,条件句中.但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用some代any.常用于could/would/May开头或whatabout/howabout….的句中。MayIhavesomewater?Heaskedmeforsomepaper,butIdidn’thaveany.3.many与much的区别Many+可数名词的复数Much+不可数名词都相当于alotof+复数名词/不可数名词注:alotof不能用于否定句中.否定句中用many/much.4.afew/few/alittle/little的区别表否定(几乎没有)表肯定(有一点/几个)修饰可数名词fewafew修饰不可数名词littlealittleThestoryiseasytoread.thereare_____newwordsinit.Hurryup!Thereis_____timeleft.....\nword格式5.each/every的区别each表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而every表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.Therearetreesandfrowerson_____sideofthestreet.______studenthasreadastory.注:each可以与of连用,eachof作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every不能与of连用.只能放在名词前作定语.Eachofus_______(study)hard.6.noone与none的区别noone表示没有人,不能与of连用.而noneof+复数名词/代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。.Theboyswerealltired,but_____ofthemstoppedtohavearest.7.both/neither/either/all/none/any的区别都都不任何一个两者之间bothneithereither三者或三者以上allnoneanyTherearemanytreeson____sideoftheriver.A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all注:1).both的否定词是neither,all的否定词是none.2).bothof作主语时,谓语动词用复数.neitherof作主语时,谓语动词用单数.Neitheroftheanswers______(be)right.Bothofmyparents_______(be)workers.3).词组A)both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数.同义词组:notonly…butalso…反义词组:neither…nor…NotonlyyoubutalsoshelikeswatchingTV.=____you_____shelikewatchingTV.=YoulikewatchingTV,__________she.B)either…or…或者……或者……,neither…nor…既不……也不……连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.Neitheryounorhe______(be)right.OneofLilyandLucyisgoingtothepark.=_____Lily_____Lucy_____goingtothepark.C)either也可用于否定句中的“也”D)neither也可表示“也不”句型:neither…sb某人也不怎么样.Ifyoudon’tgothere,__________I.(我也不去)4)howmany/howmuch的回答:用none回答.Who的回答:用noone回答.What的回答:用nothing回答.Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?__________.Whocananswerthequestion?_______.A.NoneB.NooneC.Nothing8.other/theother/others/theothers的区别....\nword格式(空)后面没有名词(空)后面有名词有数量限制(特指)theotherstheother没有数量限制(泛指)othersother注:1)one…theother…表示两者之间的一个……另一个……2)some…others…表示一些……一些……3)another表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个.只能修饰可数名词的单数.但another+数字+复数名词=数字+more+复数名词表示“另外几个……”Wouldyoulike______apple?Ihavetwobrothers,oneisateacher,_________isaworker.Somearecleaningtheclassroom,______aresweepingthewindow.Thereare20teachersinourschool.Eightofthemarementeachers,and_____arewomenteacherseveryone每个，人人，大家不与of连用everyone每个人、物可与of连用9.Everyoneofushasseenthefilm.Everyoneshoulddotheirbest.10.复合不定代词.someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyonenooneeveryonebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody注:1.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数.2.形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词放在不定代词之后.3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时,动词不定式放在不定代词之后.4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中,1)指人的不定代词,其反义疑问句中的主语用he或they.2)指物的不定代词,其反义疑问句中的主语用it.5.any,anything,anyone,anyboby也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何……/任何物/任何人”Everything______(begin)togrowinspring,______________?Isthere___________(一些有趣的事)intoday’snewpaper?Iwantsomething________(eat).关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词，如：who、whom.which、that、as,whose连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。如：what,who,whom,which,whose。不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词.如：some，any，none，all,each,everything,nothing等。....\nword格式相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。eachother,oneanother是相互代词,疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。如：who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever。专项练习题： I.用所给代词的正确形式填空。1.Mr.Leeteaches_______(we)English.Wealllike_______(he)classes.2.Isthisbike________(you)?No,_______(I)isblue.3.Didyouenjoy________(you)lastnight,kids?4.Shehurt_______(her)intheaccident.5.Isthis_______(he)pen?Yes,it’s_______(he).6.–What’s______(you)age?--_______(me)am15yearsold.7.Wecanhelp_______(every)otherandlearnfromeachother.8.Howis_______(you)fathergoing,LiLei?–Heisfine,thanks.9.--Mybookishere.Whereis_______(you),Tom?--______isintheclassroom.10.--Are______(you)parentsworkers?--No,_______(they)areteachers.2,选择填空1．Thisdictionaryisnothers.It’s_______.A.my         B.me     C.mine        2.---Isthis______magazine?---No,itisn’t.It’s________.A.your,her    B.hers,mine     C.your,hers3.Therearetwobooksonthedesk.Oneisamathbook,_______isanEnglishbook.A.others      B.another        C.theother     4._______ofthegirlsplaystenniswell.A.Neither      B.Both        C.All     5.Maryspeaksveryquickly._______isdifficulttounderstandwhatsheissaying.A.That       B.she          C.It       6.Theschoolwasbuiltbythevillagers_______.A.us        B.ourselves      C.themselves7.Heputafingerinto______mouthandsuckedit.A.hisB.heC.him8.Heisalwaysreadytohelp______.A.anotherB.othersC.theother9.Let_______dothisexercisemyself.A.himB.herC.me10.Doyouhave_______totellus?A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportantC.anythingimportant11.Imetanoldfriendof______on______wayhome.A.mine,aB.my,theC.mine,the12.______ofthestudentsinourclasshasaticket.A.EveryB.BothC.Each13.Thereareseveralbooksonthedesk.._____ofthemisEnglish.A.AllB.NeitherC.None14._______liveinShanghai.A.WeB.OurC.Ours15.---Isthis______jacket?---Yes,it’s_______.A.her,herB.her,hersC.hers,her16.---_______isthatboy?---He’smyson.A.WhoB.WhomC.Whose17._______humans______animalscanlivewithoutair.....\nword格式A.Both,andB.Neither,norC.Either,or18.Theyhavetwenty-sixdesksintheclassroom.Oneisfortheteacher,______areforthestudents.A.theotherB.otherC.theothers19.Mydictionaryisinmybag.Whereis_______?A.yoursB.youC.your20.Ithinkyoucandothejobby______.A.yourselfB.myselfC.himself21.---WhichjacketisMary’s?---Theredoneis_______.A.sheB.herC.hers22.Myunclewassoangrythathewasnot______whenhefoundIwasbeatinghisdog.A.himB.hisC.himself23.Therearemanytreeson______sidesofthestreet.A.allB.bothC.either24._____isimportantforustokeepthebalanceofnature.A.ThereB.ThatC.It25.Shecan’tfind______watch.A.hersB.itC.her26.Thereis______milkintheglass.A.manyB.littleC.few27.Pleasepass______thecapoftea.A.meB.myC.mine28.Haveyouheardfrom______recently?A.themB.theyC.themselves29.Thereis_____waterinthebottle.A.manyB.someC.any30.Thereisn’t______foodleftonthetable.A.manyB.fewC.much31.Sorry,Ican’tansweryourquestion.Iknow______aboutthenews.A.alittleB.littleC.few32.Thisishisschoolbag,______isonthedesk.A.myB.yoursC.your33.Wemadetheradio______.A.usB.ourselvesC.myself34.Wouldpleasegiveme______hottea?A.oneB.anyC.some35.---Wouldyoulikesomemilkinyourtea?---Yes,just_______.A.alittleB.littleC.afew36.Thisquestionissodifficultthat______studentscananswerit.A.fewB.afewC.alittle37.Theyhaveonly_________homeworkforSunday.A.alittleB.afewC.little38.Theytoldusabouttheirschoolandwetoldthemabout_______.A.oursB.usC.our39.Thisbluesuitlooksbetterthanthegreen________.A.onesB.oneC.suits40._________isyourfather,aworkerorateacher?A.HowB.WhichC.What<三>数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.分类：数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。1、英语中常用的基数词有：....\nword格式123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone(a)hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveonehundredandone1000→one(a)thousand,10000→tenthousand,100000→onehundredthousand,1000000→onemillion,10000000→tenmillion,100000000→onehundredmillion,108→onehundredandeight,146→onehundredandforty-six,500→fivehundred,1001→onethousandandone,1813→onethousandeighthundredand序数词：英语的序数词基本变法：(1)一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。※first※second※thirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth20th30th40th50th60th70th80th90th100thtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetiethoneundredth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-thirdthirty-fifthonehundredandfirst<四>形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good,right,white,orange.形容词的句法功能:用作表语,定语,宾语补足语,作状语一、形容词的位置1.前置与后置⑴作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：abigyellowwoodenwheel(一个黄色的大木轮)⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：Thepricesoundsreasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：Wemusttryourbesttokeepourenvironmentclean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)⑷后置的情况：①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.(他发生了严重的事故)②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：He’s1.8metrestall.(他身高1.8米。)Themoonisabout380,000kilometresawayfromthe....\nword格式earth.(月球离地38万公里)2.前置形容词的排列顺序。口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。<五>副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.用作状语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语。形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more/most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容词/副词原级+….如：Heisveryoldnow./Theyranquitefast./Theweatherlooksratherbad./Iamsohappy!☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….如：Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister./Lilyrodeherbikeasslowlyasanoldlady./Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….如：Heisnotso/asexcitedashisyoungersister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋)/Lilydidnotrideherbikeso/asslowlyasanoldlady.(莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢)/Theydidn’tpickso/asmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).(他们摘的苹果不如农民多)　(2)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：　　　　　主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/alittle/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如：Amoderntrainismuchfasterthanacar.(现代的火车比轿车快多了)/Thisbookdidn’tcostmemorethanthatone.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)....\nword格式讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：　　　　　　主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+less+(多音节形/副)比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如：IthinkEnglishislessdifficultthanmaths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/Doyouthinkitlessimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)　(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：　　　主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(the)+形容词/副词最高级+in/of….如：TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestinChina.Hejumped(the)highestofthethree(boys).专项练习题：1.WhichdoesJimmylike_______,Chineseorart?A.well   B.best  C.better  D.much2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof______intheworld.A.thelongestriverB.ThemoreC.thelongestriversD.longerriver3.______ofthetwowomenisMrsBrown.A.ThebeautifulB.ThemorebeautifulC.MorebeautifulD.Themostbeautiful4.Mymooncakeisnicer_______his.A.like B.with C.for D.than5.Youarefatterthan_______.A.heB.hisC.himD.heistall6.Hejumps_______ofthethree.A.far B.further C.farthestD.furthest7.Myhairislongerthan_______.A.mysisterB.KateC.mybrother’s D.Lucys’8.Thereis______paperhere.Pleasebringsome.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.alittle 9.Thepenis______thanthatone.A.morecheapB.cheap C.muchcheaperD.quitecheaper10.TomspeaksChinese_______betterthanJimmy.A.moreB.veryC.alotD.much 11.Thereare_______girlsinClass2thaninClass4.A.moreB.nicest C.mostD.best12.It’stoo______foryoutodothat.A.easyB.moredangerousC.harderD.theeasiest13.Whohas______applesnow,Jim,LilyorLucy?A.muchB.biggestC.betterD.themost 14.Youhavemorerulersthanme.But______arenicerthan_______.A.mine,yoursB.mine,yourC.my,yoursD.my,your15.Tingtingis______thanMeimei，butMeimeiis______thanTingting.A.tall,strongerB.taller,strongestC.tallest,strongD.taller,stronger16.Motheris_______inmyfamily.A.busyB.busierC.thebusiestD.morebusy17.Thereare_______intheparkonSundays.A.morechildrenB.alotofpeopleC.muchmenandwomenD.manypeoples....\nword格式18.Thedumplingsare_______thanthenoodles,Ithink.A.morenicerB.muchdeliciousC.veryniceD.muchmoredelicious19.Sheis_______thanmeatdrawing.A.betterB.bestC.goodD.harder20.Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.Willyoupleaseshowmea______one?A.smallB.smallerC.thesmallestD.smallest21.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch______nowthanafewyearsago.A.clean B.cleaner C.cleanest D.thecleanest22.Mycousinhaschangedalot.Sheusedtobe______butnowsheistall.A.short B.thin C.pretty  D.heavy23.Mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare______thanbefore.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest 24.—Haveyouboughtthatdigitalcamera?—No,Ican’taffordit.Thepriceisabit______.A.lowB.highC.cheapD.expensive25.—Doyoulikewesternfood?—No.Thefoodofourcountryis______thatofwesterncountries.A.rathergoodthanB.muchbetterthanC.morebetterthanD.notsogoodas 26.Thisis_____thatallofusbelieveit’sveryimportant.A.suchusefulinformationB.sousefulaninformationC.sousefulinformation D.suchausefulinformation27.—Mum,couldIhaveanMP3 ?—Certainly,wecanbuy_____one,butasgoodasthis.A.acheapB.acheapestC.acheaperD.thecheapest28.Theharderwework,the______resultwewillget.A.fasterB.fewerC.betterD.thecheapest29.Weshouldkeepoureyes______whiledoingeyeexercises.A.closeB.closedC.openD.opened 30.Jackdoesn'twork____Tom.A.assogoodB.sogoodasC.sohardasD.soharderas31.—Tomisgoodatdrawing.HowaboutMike?—Mikeis______,Ithink.HehasgotmoreprizesthanTom.A.wellB.OKC.goodD.better32.Hedidn'tknowheraddress,____didI.A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.neither33.NowmoreandmoreChinesepeopleare______enoughtobuycars.A.richB.weakC.poorD.strong34.Kateisreally______.She’sneverangrywithothers.A.tallB.friendlyC.luckyD.clever35.Shereadthebook___.AndI'llreadit___. ....\nword格式A.longbefore;longbeforeB.beforelong;beforelong C.beforelong;longbeforeD.longbefore;beforelong36HespeaksEnglish___hisaunt.A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.asbetterasD.asbestas37.Whichdoyoulike_____,skating,swimmingorfishing?A.moreB.mostC.betterD.best38Whosings___,RoseorKate?A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best39Shewrites____thanI.A.morecarefulB.muchcareful C.muchmorecarefullyD.muchcarefully40Thenightwasvery___,sohehadtotakeoffhisshoes___. A.quiet;quietlyB.quite;quicklyC.late;quickD.quite;quietly<六>.冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a,an,the.冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法，定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。一.a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如：aboy,auniversity,aEuropeancountry;anhour,anhonor,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella,anhonestman,ausefulbook不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)二.不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。Ahorstisananimal2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。Agirliswaitingforyou.3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。Ihaveacomputer.4.表示“每一”，相当于every.Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.6.用在某些固定词组中：alot(of),afterawhile,afew,alittle,atatime,haveaswim,haveacold,inahurry,foralongtime,haveagoodtime,havealook三.定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。Thebookonthedeskismine2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Openthewindow,please.3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.4.指世界上独一无二的事物。Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?....\nword格式5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城，theUnitedStates美国7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。thepoor穷人,theblind盲人8用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻俩9.用在方位词前。ontheleft在左边，inthemiddleof在中间10.用在乐器名称前。Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。theBlackSea黑海，theYangziRiver长江12.用在某些固定词组中：allthesame仍然；allthetime一直；atthemoment此刻；atthesametime同时；bytheway顺便说；dotheshopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；intheopenair在户外，在野外四.零冠词的用法1.棋类,球类,一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词Playchessplayfootballhavesupper特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。Where’sthefootball？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)2.季节,月份,星期,节假日名词前不用任何冠词.InJulyinsummeronMondayonTeachers’Day3.人名,地名,国家名前不加冠词BeijingisthecapitalofChina4.学科,语言,称呼,语职务名词前不用冠词Mathishardtolearn5.复数名词表示类别时不加冠词TheyareworkersIlikeeatingapples6.名词前已有物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时,不用冠词mybook(正)；mythebook(误)7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。No.25MiddleSchool五.用与不用冠词的差异inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里infrontof在…(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在…(内部的)前面attable进餐/atthetable在桌子旁bysea乘船/bythesea在海边gotoschool(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/gototheschool(church…)到学校(教堂…)去....\nword格式twoofus我们当中的两人/thetwoofus我们两人(共计两人)nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家(一个人)/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家(两个人)冠词练习单项选择。()11.—DoesTomhave_______pen？　　—Yes,hehas_______.　A.an;someB.a;oneC.a;／D.any;one()12.Thisis_____oldmotorbike._____oldmotorbikeisMr.Zhang's.　A.an;TheB.the;AnC.a;TheD.the;The()13._______appleadaykeepsthedoctoraway．　　A.TheB.AC.AnD./()14.—Howmanypencilsdoyouhave？　—Ihave_____pencil．Itisred.This_____isbrown,soit’snotmine.　　A.a;anB.a;aC.one;anD.one;one()15.Timis_______one-year-oldbaby.　　A.aB.anC.theD.／()16．_______pandais_______China．　　A.The;aB.A;theC.The;fromD.The;the()17.Wecan'tsee_______sunat_______night．　　A．the；theB．the；／C．a；／D．／；／()18._______usefuldictionaryitis！　　A.WhatanB.HowaC.WhataD.What()19.Onedayhefound_______suitcase．Therewas_______“s”onthecornerof______suitcase.　A.a;an;theB.a;a;theC.an;an;anD.the;a;a()20.______oldmanwithwhitehairspoke_____Englishwellat_______meeting.A.An;an;aB.The;／;anC.The;／;aD.The;／;the()21.__GreatWallis___longestwallintheworld.　　A.A;aB.The;theC.A;theD.The;a()22._____newbridgehasbeenbuiltover_____MarlingRiver．A.The;aB.A;／C.A;theD.An;the()23._____youngmanoverthereis_____popularteacherinourschool.　　A.A;anB.The;aC.The;theD.A;the()24.Sheusedtobe_____workerbutlatershebecame_____engineer.　　A.a;anB.a;theC.／;aD.a;／()25.Wemadehim_______chairman.　　A.aB.theC.anD.／()26．TomSmithis_______European．Heworksinourschool．　　A.aB.anC.theD.／()27.Isshefrom______USA?　　A.anB.aC.theD.／....\nword格式()28.DoesAllanoftenplay_______soccerafter_______school？　　A.／;／B.／;theC.the;／D.a;／()29.Hegave5000yuantoourschool_______daybeforeyesterday.　　A.anB.oneC.aD.the()30.Australiais____English-speakingcountry.　　A.aB.anC.theD.／()31.Shehas_______orangeblouse．_______blouseisnice.　　A.a;TheB.anTheC.an;AD.the;The()32.Thisis_____orange.It's_____smallorange.　　A.an;aB.a;theC.a;anD.an;the()33．Thereis______“h”intheword“hour”.　　A.aB.anC.theD.／()34.Icanplay______pianoverywell,butIdon’tknowhowtoplay_____chessatall.　　A.a;anB.an;aC.the;／D.the;the()35.Thereis_______UncleWanghere.　　A.／B.theC.aD.an()36.Beijingis_____beautifulcity．It's_____capitalofChina.　　A.a;aB.the;theC.／;theD.a;the()37.Heilongjiangisin___northeastofChina.　　A.／B.anC.aD.the()38.I'vebeenateachertherefornearlythreeand_____halfyears.　　A.aB.anC.theD./()39.–CouldIspeaktoMr.Wang,please?--Sorry,youhavedialedthewrongnumber.Thereisn’t______Mr.Wanghere.A.aB.anC.theD./()40.Iwillhave_____breakfastafterreadingmy______Englishbook.A.a;anB.the;/C./;/D.a;the<七>介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,behind.1.介词的主要用法：介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如：outof,becauseof,awayfrom,ontopof,eversince,nextto,accordingto,infrontof等。2、介词的分类表：地点(位置、范围)介词：above，about,across,after,against...,along,among,around,round,at,before,behind,below...,beside,between,by,down,from,in,inside,near,of,on,outof,outside,over,under,up,ontopof,infrontof,closeto,inthemiddleof,attheendof等等。方向(目标趋向)介词：across,against,along,around,round,at,behind,between…and,by,down,for,from,in,into,inside,near,off,on,outof,outside,over,past,through,to,towards.,onto,onto,up,awayfrom时间介词：about,at,before,by,during,for,from,in;,on,past,since,....\nword格式through,till,until,to),eversince,atthebeginningof,attheendof,inthemiddleof,atthetimeof方式介词：as,in,like,on,over,through,with,without涉及介词:about关于...,except除了…,besides除了…还...for对于/就…而言,in在…(方面),of…的,有关...,on关于/有关...,to对…而言,towards针对...,with就…而言其它介词:【目的介词】for为了...,from防止…,to为了…【原因介词】for因为...,with由于…,becauseof因为...【比较介词】as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比,unlike与…不同【伴随/状态介词】against和…一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),into变成...,on在(值日),with与…一起,有/带着/长着...,without没有/无/不与…一起3、介词短语的句法作用：介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如：Themancame.(状)(那个人走下楼来)/Thewomanisfromthecountryside.(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)/Theteacherisnowwiththepupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)4、介词短语在句子中的位置：介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾；介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：HewantedtofindagoodjobinShanghaithenextyear.(状语)/Theysearchedtheroomforthethief./Thelettersareforyou.(表语)/Haveyouseenacatwithablackheadandfourwhitelegs?(定语)5.记住一些固定词组：arriveat/in,onfoot,not…atall,tothenorthof,intheeastof,inthenight,atnight,beafraidof,befullof,befilledwith,begood/badfor,bemadeof,bemadefrom,playwith,lookoutof,attheendof,bytheendof,withthehelpof或withone’shelp,lookafter,lookfor,onabike(=bybike),helpsb.with,geton(well)with。专项练习题：1．Mrs.BrowncametoChina____1996.A．fromB．ofC．toD．in2．Theroomwasfull____smokeafterthebigfire.A．ofB．withC．inD．for3．Herearesomepresents____you____ourbestwishes.A．to;withB．for;withC．of;aboutD．for;for4．BothMrGreenandMrsGreenwereborn____June,1956.A．inB．atC．onD．for5．Thelittleboyisalwaysinterested____science.A．withB．byC．inD．at6．LiLeioftengetsup____seveno'clockonSundays.A．onB．inC．atD．for7．Theyarrivedearly____aTuesdaymorning.A．onB．atC．inD．of8．Macaowillreturntoourmotherland____December20th,1999.A．onB．atC．inD．for9．--Whenwereyouborn?---Iwasborn____August25,1983.A．onB．inC．atD．to10．Letmeshowyoutheplace____themap.....\nword格式A．withB．onC．in11．Johnknows____acomputer.A．howtouseB．howuse　C．howuses12．Thevisitors____Japanarrived____BeijingStationlastTuesdaymorning.A．from;atB．of;toC．from;to　D．of;on13．Theteacherwillbeback____anhour.A．inB．afterC．on14．ThisprogrammewassenttotheUSA____China____satellite.A．in;ofB．of;inC．from;byD．by;from15．It'scoldoutside.Pleaseyourwarmclothes.A.putinB.takeoffC.putonD.putup16．Hegotmanygiftshisbirthdayhisfriends.A.on,fromB.in,ofC.at,toD.from,for17．Theclassroomisquitedifferentthatone.A.ofB.fromC.withD.like18．Look,you'llseeabridgetheriver.A.onB.aboveC.overD.in19．–Yourcoatlooksnice,Isitcotton?-Yes.It'sShanghai.A.madeof,madeby　B.madeof,madeinC.madefor,madeinD.madefrommadeby20．Towmayfalltheothersbecausehehasmissedsomanylessons.A.afterB.behindC.laterD.outof<八>.连词(conj.)：连词的含义：连接词与词、短语与短语、或引导从句的词叫连接词。连词的分类：连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。1、并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见的并列连接词有：and,but,or,,nor,so,however,for,still,aswellas,both..and.,notonly...butalso...,either…or…,neither…nor等。2、从属连接词用于引导从句,常见的从属连接词有：when,while,after,before,since,until,although/though,if,as,as…as…,asfaras,aslongas,assoonas,evenif,because,unless,than,whether,inorderthat…,so…that,sothat,nowthat…,bythetime…,everytime…,asif…,nomatterwhen(或whenever),nomatterwhere(或wherever)等。专项练习题：1.HecanspeakEnglish_______Chinese.A.butB.alsoC.soD.and2.Physicsisnotsoeasy,_______Ilikeitverymuch.A.butB.orC.sinceD.because3.WillTomwaitforherathome______atthelibrary?A.orB.asC.sothatD.both4.Shehasason_______adaughter.A.butB.andC.soD.or5.I'llgiveherthegift______shearrives.A.soB.beforeC.assoonasD.since6.Tomwas____illthatwehadtosendforadoctor.A.soB.veryC.andD.too7.Thewomanwas____angry_____shecouldn'tspeakanything.A.neither…norB.either…orC.both…andD.so…that....\nword格式8.______wegothomeitwasverylate.A.WhenB.WhileC.BecauseD.As9.Weheardclearly_____shesaid.A.whatB.whichC.beforeD.because10.Ican'tsleepwellatnight,______Ioftenfeelverytiredintheday.A.soB.becauseC.andD.or11.Whenyou'relearningaforeignlanguage,useit,______youwillloseit.A.butB.orC.thenD.and12.---Canyouplayfootball?---Yes,Ican,______Ican'tplayitverywell.A.orB.andC.butD.so13.Studyhard,______youwillfallbehind.A.andB.butC.soD.or14.Myfavoriteisactionmovie______Ithinkit'sexciting.A.andB.becauseC.butD.so15.Itwaslate.Shewashedherface______wenttobed.A.orB.andC.soD.but16.Hehasneverheard______seensuchathingbefore.A.norB.andC.orD.since17._________John_______Iarepolicemen.A.Neither...norB.Either...orC.Both...andD.Notonly...butalso18.MrSmithteaches______well______hislessonsarenoteasilyforgotten.A.very...thatB.quite...butC.so...asD.so...that19.Hedidn'tgotosleep______hefinishedhishomework.A.tillB.beforeC.afterD.until20.Ididn'tbuythedictionaryyesterday________myauntwouldgivemeone.A.untilB.becauseC.ifD.before21.Therunnerfell_______hequicklygotupandwentonrunning.A.orB.andC.butD.down22.Waitformeintheroom_______Icomeback.A.untilB.andC.soD.or23.I'llreturnthebookstothelibrary______soonaspossible.A.asB.soC.justD.but24.Goalongtheroad,_______you'llfindthemarketattheendofit.A.whenB.andC.orD.though25.You'llbelate______youdon'tgetupearlytomorrowmorning.A.ifB.whenC.beforeD.until<九>.感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh,well,hi,hello.<十>动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am,is,are,have,see动词词形变化一览表：(1)规则动词变化表：规原形动词结尾情况现在时单三人称现在分词过去式和过去分词....\nword格式则变化一般情况+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o结尾+es+ing+ed辅音字母+y结尾y→i,+es+ingy→i,+ed重读闭音节一元一辅结尾+s双写辅音字母,+ing双写辅音字母,+ed不发音的e结尾+s去掉e,+ing+die结尾+sie→y,+ing+d不规则变化have→has；be→is(无)(见不规则动词变化表)注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[s]、[f]、[z]、[tf]、[dV]后读[iz].③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id].(2)不规则动词变化表：(原形→过去式→过去分词)be(am,is)wasbeenloselostlostbe(are)werebeenmakemademadebeatbeatbeatenmaymight　becomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeantbeginbeganbegunmeetmetmetblowblewblownmistakemistookmistakenbreakbrokebrokenmustmust　bringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuiltbuiltputputputbuyboughtboughtreadreadReadcancould　rideroderiddencatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnsetsetsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshould　drivedrovedrivenshineshoneshoneeatateeatenshowshowedshownfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungfindfoundfoundsinksank/sunksunk/sunkenflyflewflownsitsetsetforgetforgotforgot/forgottensleepsleptsleptfreezefrozefrozensmellsmeltsmeltgetgotgotspeakspokespokengivegavegivenspendspentspentgowentgonespillspiltspilt....\nword格式growgrewgrownspoilspoiltspoilthanghung/hangedhung/hangedstandstoodstoodhave(has)hadhadsweepsweptswepthearheardheardswimswamswumhidehidhiddentaketooktakenhithithitteachtaughttaughtholdheldheldtelltoldtoldhurthurthurtthinkthoughtthoughtkeepkeptkeptthrowthrewthrownknowknewknownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodlaylaidlaidwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedwearworewornleaveleftleftwillwould　lendlentlentwinwonwonletletletwritewrotewrittenlielaylain　　　初中英语八种时态归纳复习：时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，很多学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。重点：在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing....\nword格式否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were+not+doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently,lately,sincethen,inthepastfewyears,bytheendofthisyear,etc.基本结构：have/has+done否定形式：have/has+not+done.一般疑问句：have或has放句首。六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.基本结构：had+done.否定形式：had+not+done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.基本结构：①am/is/are/goingto+do；②will/shall+do.否定形式：①am/is/are+notgoingtodo;②在行为动词前加won't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.基本结构：①was/were/goingto+do；②would+do.否定形式：①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would+not+do.一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would提到句首。I.用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.She__________(talk)abouthernewschoolatthemoment.2.Tomaskedmewhat___________(happen)inChinain2008.3.Mycellphone___________(steal)onabusyesterday.4.TheBrowns__________(watch)TVnow.5.Lilysaidthatshe__________(call)meassoonasshegotthere.....\nword格式6.They_______(learn)Englishforfiveyears.7.Mycousin_______(join)theArmyin2009.8.Thefarmers__________(pick)pearswhenIsawthem.9..Thebluedress__________(cost)thewomanfiftyyuan.10.Thefilm____________(begin)whenIreachedthecinema.单选1.Iwilltellhimassoonashe_____back.A.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came2.Mary_____onshoeswhenshe____them.A.tries…buysB.tries…buiesC.trys…buysD.trys…buies3.Thegirloften______coldwhenshe______.A.cathcs…dancesB.catches…dancesC.catchs…danceesD.catches…dancee4._____he____himselfthere?No,Idon'tthinkso. A.Do…enjoyB.Does…enjoiesC.Does…enjoysD.Does…enjoy5._____yourteacher____fromthemveryoften?Certainly.A.Do…hearB.Does…hearC.Do…receiveD.Doesreceive6._____yourmother_____somecleaningonSundays?A.Does…doesB.Do…doesC.Does…doD.Do…do7.IfI________yourbook,I’llgiveittoyou.A.willfind     B.havefound   C.find    D.finds8.MrBlackoften_____fishingonSundays,_____he?A.goes…doesn'tB.goes…isn't C.doesn'tgo…doesD.doesn'tgo…is9.Heusually_____TVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatching10.We'llgotoplaywithsnowifit______tomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowed11.NeitherInorhe______French. A.speakB.doesn'tspeakC.speaksD.doesn'tspeak12.Nobody______howtorunthismachines.A.knowB.haveknownC.knowsD.isknowing13.Inthecitytheold_______.A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof14.Someare______intheriverandsomeare______games.A.swimming…playingB.swimming…plaiingC.swimming…playingD.swimming…plaing15.Look!Theboystudentsare_____footballwhilethegirlsare_____.A.playing…danceB.playing…dancingC.play…dancingD.play…dance....\nword格式16.He_____todohislessonsateighteveryevening.A.isbeginningB.isbeginningC.beginD.begins 17.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvited18.MrSmith_____shortstories,buthe____aTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting…iswritingB.iswriting…WritesC.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes19.I_____tothecinema.I______thereeverySunday.A.go…goB.amgoing…goC.go…amgoingD.amgoing…amgoing20.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.A.isB.areC.hasD.have21.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept22.Howlong_______he________?A.have,diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead23.Heoften_____lateintheforest.It_____meverymuch.,A.stayed…worriedB.staied…worriedC.stayed…worryedD.staied…worried24.I______thattheboy_____withnotearsinhiseyes.A.noticed…cryedB.noticed…criedC.noticed…cryed25.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom26.---HowlongcanI___thebook?   ---Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep27.______asportsmeetlastSunday?Yes,they______.A.Didtheyhave…didB.Didtheyhave…had C.Hadthey…hadD.Hadthey…did 28.Smithdoesnotgofishingonweekdays,____?_____,hedoes.A.doeshe…NoB.doeshe…YesC.doesn'the…NoD.doesn'the…Yes29.Idon’tknow_______,ifhe_______,I’lltellyou.A.ifhecomes,willcomeB.ifhewillcome,comes C.whetherhecomes,comes 30.____you_____outforawalkaftersupper?Yes,I______.A.Did…went…wentB.Did…go…went C.Did…went…didD.Did…go…did31._____Jack_____onwithhisworkor______tohavearest? A.Did…went…stoppedB.Did…go…stopC.Did…went…stopD.Did…go…stopped....\nword格式32.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin33.____yourbrother_____aletterto?---Myfather.A.Who…wroteB.What…wrote C.Whodid…writeD.Whatdid…write34.They_____abouttheTVnewstheninthesitting-room.Theyoften____suchtalksA.talked…hadB.talk…have C.weretalking…hadD.aretalking…have35.He______somecookingatthattime,so_____me.A.did…heardB.did…didn'thearC.wasdoing…heardD.wasdoing…didn'thear36."_____youangrythen?""They_toomuchnoise.”A.Are…weremakingB.Were…weremakingC.Are…madeD.Were…made37.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen38.We_____forTomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus______.A.werewaiting…waitingB.werewaiting…wait B.C.waited…waitingD.waited…wait 39.Whenyou_____atthedoor,I_____somewashing.A.knocked…didB.wasknocking…did C.knocked…wasdoingD.knock…amdoing 40.Theboy_____EnglishontheradiowhenI_____hisdoor.A.learned…wasopeningB.waslearning…openedC.learned…openedD.islearning…open十、被动语态英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。eg.Weuseaknifeforcutting(主动句).Aknifeisusedforcutting(被动句)。一、构成：be+过去分词eg.1)Theworkisfinishedbyhim.2)ChineseisspokenbypeopleinChina.二、被动语态的时态1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词eg.EnglishisspokenbyEnglishmen.2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词....\nword格式eg.ThemachinesweremadeinChina.3.一般将来时:will/shall/begoingtobe+过去分词eg.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschoolnextweek.4.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+过去分词eg.Theworkhasbeendonebythem.5.现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+过去分词。eg.Anewschoolisbeingbuiltinourvillage.6.过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词eg.MyTVsetwasbeingmendedatthattime.综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）另外注意以下几点：1.含情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词eg.Hemaybesentawayfromschool.2.带动词不定式的被动语态eg.Mybikeneedstobemended.3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by+动作的执行者(宾格)”eg.HewascalledMikebyus4.不及物动词无被动语态（takeplace/happen;last;rise;sink;fall等）eg.Theaccidentwashappenedtwodaysago(改错)_________5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。eg.Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hours.→Theworkersweremadetowork12hours.6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v+prep/adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。eg.Wemusttakecareofthebaby.→Thebabymustbetakencareof.练习题()1.Thisfactoryhasbeen____fortwoyearsA.openB.toopenC.openingD.opened....\nword格式()2.Thelightintheroom___beforeyouleave.A.mustturnoffB.willturnoffC.areturnedoffD.mustbeturnedoff()3.Theyoungtrees____plantedinspring.A.mustB.haveC.mustbeD.mustare()4.Chinese____byMissWangthreeyearsago.A.wastaughtB.istaughtC.wasteachedD.wereteach()5.Youngtrees___quiteoften.A.shouldwaterB.shouldbewaterC.shouldbewateredD.shouldhavewatered()6.English___bymanypeopleintheworldA.speaksB.speakC.arespokenD.isspoken()7.Theoldpeople___wellinourcountry.A.islookedafterB.arelookedafterC.looksafterD.lookfor()8.Aliceisill.She____tohospitalatonce.A.issentB.mustbesentC.cansendD.mustsend()9.Thefactory____in1958.A.wasbuiltB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.built()10.Ourteachertoldusthattheclassroom_____everyday.A.shouldbecleanedB.shouldcleanedC.shallbecleanedD.mustcleaned()11.Football____allovertheworld.A.playsB.isplayingC.hasplayedD.isplayed()12.____silk____inSuzhou?A.Is,producedB.Are,produced....\nword格式C.Does,produceD.Was,produce()13.Muchmoney____spentonbookseveryyear.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is()14.Thestudentswasmade______thequestionsbytheteacher.A.answerB.toanswerC.answeringD.answered()15.Thesun____whenwegotthere.A.wasrisenB.hasbeenrisenC.hadrisenD.isrising二．句子成分和简单句：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’mMissGreen.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.(杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：MynameisPingping.(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：Hecanspelltheword.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：Hewrotealettertome.(他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghaiisabigcity.(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：Heworkshard.(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.(老师要我自学法语)☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：WhereisyourclassmateTom?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。五种简单句基本句型：1）主语+谓语Heislistening.2)主语+系动词+表语Iamateacher.3）主语+谓语+宾语IlikeEnglish.4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Shetellmeastory.5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Hemademelaugh.简单句的种类：简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。分析下列句子的成分：....\nword格式1、Heoftengivesussomegifts。2、Thechildrenarelisteningquietly。3、Herunsfastinthestreet。4、Wefoundacatlyingunderthechair。5、Thesixstudentskeeptheirhandsbehindstheirbacks。6、Whathesaidjustnowisright。7.Wesawthesingerwalkinginthestreet。8、ThisisMissChen，ourmathsteacher。9、Westudentsshouldworkhard。10、Hebelievesthathewillsucceed。三．并列复合句1、基本概念：并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句：(1)用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2)表示在两者之间选择一个,常用的连接词有or,otherwise,orelse,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3)表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折,常用的连接词有but,yet,still,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4)说明原因,用连接词for,前后分句时态一致。(5)表示结果,用连接词so,前后分句时态一致。四．主从复合句1、概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：Whilethegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。)/Itseemedasifthemeetingwouldneverend.(看起来会议没完没了。)/Hurryup,or(else)you'llbelate.(快点,要不然就来不及了。)/HoweverIcookeggs,thechildstillrefusestoeatthem.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。)2、分类：从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条）1）表语从句：Thatiswhyhedidnotcometoschoolyesterday./Itisbecauseyouaresoclever.2）宾语从句：Theybelievethatthecomputerwillfinallytaketheplaceofhumanbeings.3）主语从句：Whathedidmadehisfatherexcited.4)状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when,as,while,after,before,since,assoonas,since,till(until),while,whenever等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如：Whenyoufinishthework,youmaygoouttoplaywithSam.Iwon’tleaveuntilMumcomesback.地点状语从句通常由where,wherever等引导。如：Gobackwhereyoucamefrom!Iwill....\nword格式neverforgettocatchthethiefwhostolemynecklacewhereverhemaybe.原因状语从句通常由because,since,as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：Hewentabroadbecausehisfatherhadfoundagooduniversityforhim.目的状语从句通常由sothat...,so...hat...,inorderthat...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can/could/may/might等情态动词。如：Hegotupearliersothathecouldcatchthefirsttrain.结果状语从句通常由sothat...,so...that...等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：Helostsomanybikesthathedecidednevertobuyanewone.比较状语从句通常由as,than,as(so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：JaneismuchtallerthanI/me./Idon’thaveasmanybooksasyou(do).让步状语从句通常由though(although),as,evenif(eventhough),however,whatever等引导。如：Evenifyoupaythedebt(债务)forme,Iwillnotthankyoubecauseithasnothingtodowithme.HewearsaT-shirtthoughitisverycold.条件状语从句通常由if,unless,aslongas等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。Youwillcertainlyfailinthecomingfinalexamsunlessyouworkmuchharder.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,weshallgohiking.[注意]1、because与so；(al)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。(4)定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：Themanwhohasanumbrellainhishandismyuncle.Thisisthethief(that/who/whom)wehavebeenlookingforthesedays.Thisistheroomwheretheyhadaquarrelaweekago.专项练习题：1.Theteacherunderstandsthat________Mathshasalwaysbeeneasyforhim,itisnoteasyforthestudents.A.sinceB.unlessC.althoughD.when2.Iwaslisteningtothemusic________therewasaknockatthedoor.A.whileB.whenC.becauseD.until3.Youmayleavetheclassroomwhenyou________writing.A.finishB.arefinishingC.arefinishedD.hadfinished4.Heranasfastaspossible________hecouldreachschoolontime.A.inordertoB.soastoC.whenD.sothat5.________Iread,themoreIunderstand.A.ThemoreB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Forall6.WouldyougiveJohnnythisletterifyou________toseehimthisweek.A.willhappenB.happenC.arehappenedD.happened7.Shewasbusy,________shecouldn’tgotoyourbirthdaypartylastnight.A.andB.soC.orD.but8.Englishis________ausefullanguage________itisspokeninmanycountriesoftheworld.A.so…thatB.such…thatC.so…becauseD.such…because9.Youwillnotsucceedifyou________harder.A.willworkB.won’tworkC.workD.don’twork10.Writeclearly________yourteachercanunderstandyoucorrectly.....\nword格式A.sinceB.forC.becauseD.sothat11.________hefailed,hewentondoingtheexperiment.A.EvenB.YetC.AlthoughD.inspiteof12.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging13.Hisbrotherhasworkedthere________heleftschool.A.whenB.afterC.sinceD.until14.Theboydidn’tstoptalking________thesecondbellrang.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.because15.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst16.Iwasabouttoleavemyhouse________thetelephonerang.A.whileB.asC.whenD.since17.Itisatleasttenyears________thesetreeswereplanted.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.assoonas18.Hewillcometocallonyouthemomenthe________hispainting.A.finishedB.willfinishedC.hasfinishedD.hadfinished初中英语语法答案名词：1-15CBBDC,DBABD,ACBCB代词：1-10CCCAC,CABCB,11-20CCCAB,ABCAA,21-30CCBCC,BAABC,31-40BBBCA,AAABC形容词和副词：1-10CCBDC,CCACD11-20AADAD,CADAB21-30BABBB,ACCBC31-40DDABD,BDCCA介词：1-10DABAC,CAAAB11-20AAACC,ABCBB连词：1-10DAABC,ADAAA11-20BCDBB,CCDDB21-25CAABA动词及时态:1-10BABDB,CCABB11-20CCBAB,DDCBA21-30BCABC,DABBD31-40BCCCD,BCACB主从复合句：1-10CBADA,BBBDD11-18CACBC,CCC宁可累死在路上，也不能闲死在家里！宁可去碰壁，也不能面壁。是狼就要练好牙，是羊就要练好腿。什么是奋斗？奋斗就是每天很难，可一年一年却越来越容易。不奋斗就是每天都很容易，可一年一年越来越难。能干的人，不在情绪上计较，只在做事上认真；无能的人！不在做事上认真，只在情绪上计较。拼一个春夏秋冬！赢一个无悔人生！早安！—————献给所有努力的人.....