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语法专题:介词用法精讲精练介词:英文缩写是prep.是英文preposition的缩写。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词。例如汉语中的“用”可译成:(1)用英语(inEnglish);(2)用小刀(withaknife);(3)用手工(byhand);(4)用墨水(inink)等。所以,千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法,其实介词的用法非常广泛,搭配能力很强,越是常用的介词,其含义越多。1.表示地点位置的介词 1)at,in,on,to,for at(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在……附近,旁边” in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”。 to表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……” 2)above,over,on在……上 above指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead. Thereisabridgeovertheriver. Heputhiswatchonthedesk. 3)below,under在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下,不一定在正下方 Thereisacatunderthetable. Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline. 4)infrontof,inthefrontof在……前面 infrontof…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。 Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.(房子前面有些花卉。) inthefrontof意思是“在…..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是atthebackof…(在……范围内的后部)。 Thereisablackboardinthefrontofourclassroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 Ourteacherstandsinthefrontoftheclassroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5)beside,behind beside表示在……旁边10\n behind表示在……后面2.表示时间的介词 1)in,on,at在……时 in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。 如inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inone’slife,inone’sthirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。 at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。 如at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof…,attheageof…,atChristmas,atnight,atnoon,atthismoment等。 注意:在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词。如:Wemeeteveryday. 2)in,after在……之后 “in+段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后; “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后; “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 3)from,since自从…… from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久; since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。since表示"自(某具体时间)以来",常用作完成时态谓语 的时间状语。 sinceliberation(1980)自从解放(1980年)以来Theyhavebeenclosefriendssincechildhood. 他们从小就是好朋友。(1)sincethewar是指"自从战争结束以来",若指"自从战争开始以来",须说"since thebeginningofthewar"。 (2)不要将since与after混淆。 比较:Hehasworkedheresince1965.(指一段时间,强调时间段)自从1965年以来,他一直在这儿工作。 Hebegantoworkhereafter1965. (指一点时间,强调时间点)从1965年以后,他开始在这儿工作。 4)after,behind在……之后 after主要用于表示时间; behind主要用于表示位置。 10\n时间名词前介词用法口诀 年前周前要用in 具体日子要用on 遇到几号也用on 上午下午得是in 要说某日上下午 用on换in记清楚 午夜黄昏用at 黎明用它也不错 at用在时分前 说“差”可要用上to 说"过''要用past3.表示运动方向的介词: across,through通过,穿过 across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关,为二维 through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关,为三维。4.表示“在……之间”的介词: 表示“在……之间”的介词在英语中属于方位介词,如infrontof,behind,on,in,near,under,up between,among between指在两个人或两个事物之间; among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。5.表示其他意义的介词 1)on,about关于 on表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读; about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。 2)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具 by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具; with表示用…工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段; in表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等; 3)except,besides除了 except除……之外,不包括在内; besides除……之外,包括在内。 ExceptforMr.Wang,wewenttoseethefilm.(王先生没去)BesidesMr.Wang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.(王先生也去了)常见搭配 1.动词+介词,如: listento,laughat,writeto,hearfrom,getto,lookat,shoutat,shoutto,knockat,10\nlookfor,lookat,askfor,waitfor,geton,getto,puton,turnon,operateon,takeoff,turnoff,learnfrom,worryabout... 2.形容词+介词,如:beafraidof,befullof,beangrywith,bestrictwith,bebusywith,begoodat,begood/badfor,belatefor,besorryfor,bereadyfor,befamousfor,bepoliteto,befarfrom...becloseto 3.名词+介词/介词+名词 thekeyto,thevisitto,athome,insurprise,afterclass,forever,ontime,intimeatlast,atfirst,forexample...三.巩固练习 选词填空1.Taiwanis_______thesoutheastofChina.(in,on,to)2.Go________thebridge________theriver,you’llfindtheshop.(across,through;over,above)3.Igotoschool__________7:30everymorning.(in,on,at)4.Hewouldliketomeether_____8:00and9:00tomorrowmorning.(between,among)5.TheGreenshavelivedinChina_____threeyears.(in,for,after)6.Wegotoschooleveryday_______SaturdayandSunday.(except,besides)7.Hewrotetheletter_________ink.(by,with,in)8.Shereturnedtohercountry________fiveyears.(in,after,for)9.Thereisabigtree_________ourclassroom.(after,behind)10.Iusuallygotowork_________bike.(by,on,with) 单项选择1.There’ssomething_______herthatIreallydon’tlike. A.withB.forC.toD.about2.Iwasangry_______himforkeepingmewaiting. A.withB.toC.aboutD.on3._______goingtoFrencheveningclassestwiceaweekshedoesyoga(瑜伽)onWednesdaysA.BecauseofB.ExceptC.BesidesD.Butfor4.______cooking,writingandrunningthefarm,shewasverybusy. A.AmongB.BetweenC.OverD.As5._______oneoldlady,thebuswasempty. A.ExceptB.ExceptforC.ButD.Besides6.Theypromisethattheworkwouldallbefinished_______nextweek.10\n A.untilB.inC.byD.to7.Wedidn’tlivetogether.Wekeptintouch_______writingoften. A.withB.ofC.onD.by8.Itwasverykindofher.Sheinsisted_______hercartous. A.tolendB.lendingC.onlendingD.inlending9.We’vetalkedalot_______cars.Whatabouttrains? A.ofB.withC.aboutD.in10.“Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?”“____theendoflastmonth.” A.InB.ByC.AtD.Since11.Thechemistryteacherrequiredthestudents_______moreattention_______thelabcleanA.topay,tokeepB.topaying,tokeepingC.topay,tokeepingD.paying,keeping12.Thisexamisveryimportantforher.Shewon’tgohome_____theexam. A.untilafterB.afteruntilC.untilD.from13.Thissuitfitsmewell_______thetrousersaretoolong. A.onlyB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.except14.Afteraquickdinner,theysetoff______carandmade______thenearesttown. A.by,toB.in,toC.by,forD.in,for看似相同,但意义有别的词组英语中有一些介词词组和动词词组,它们从形式上看似乎基本相同,但在意义上却截然不同。要是我们在记忆上对这类词组不加以重视,使用时就很容易望文生义,甚至张冠李戴。为此,把这类词组归纳如下:(1)attable在进餐atthetable在桌子旁(=besidethedesk)(2)atdesk在读书或做作业atthedesk在书桌旁(3)atschool在校上学(指学生)attheschool在学校(指教职工)(4)infrontofthebus在公共汽车的前面(不在车上)inthefrontofthebus在公共汽车的前部(在车上)(5)atsea在航海中atthesea在海边(6)byday白天bytheday按日,论日(7)behindtime误期behindthetime落后于时代(8)inclass在上课,在课内intheclass在这个班(9)inbed卧床,在睡觉inthebed在床上(10)inprison坐牢intheprison在监狱(11)inred穿着红色的衣服inthered负债,亏损(12)inhospital住院(指病人)inthehospital(因事)在医院(13)inoffice在办公,执政intheoffice在办公室10\n(14)insecret秘密,私下inthesecret参入秘密,参入阴谋(15)inplaceof代替,而不是intheplaceof在……地方(16)incaseof万一,如果inthecaseof就……来说,至于(17)ofage成年人ofanage同龄人(18)outofoffice离职outoftheoffice离开办公室(19)outofprison(因犯罪)出狱outoftheprison(因事)从监狱出来(20)outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion不可能,办不到2).含有介词的动词词组(1)comeoutofhospital(病好)出院comeoutofthehospital(因事)从医院里出来(2)comeoutofprison(刑满)释放comeoutoftheprison(因事)从监狱里出来(3)gotoschool去上学gototheschool(因事)去学校(4)gotocollege上大学gotothe/acollege去一所学校(办事)(5)gotobed上床睡觉gotothebed去床边(6)gotohospital去住院gotothehospital(因事)去医院(7)gotoprison去坐牢gototheprison(因事)去监狱(8)gotosea当海员gotothesea去海边(9)gotocourt起诉gotothecourt(因事)去法庭(10)gotochurch做礼拜gotothechurch(因事)去教堂(11)keephouse管理家务keepthehouse守在家里(12)takeplace发生taketheplace代替3).有无冠词,意义无多大区别的介词词组(1)at(the)most至多(2)at(the)first起初(3)all(the)day整天(4)catch(a)cold感冒(5)in(the)future将来(6)in(the)memoryof纪念(7)goto(the)office上班,去办公室(8)goto(the)market赶集,去市场(9)on(a)holiday在度假(10)(the)daybeforeyesterday前天(11)(the)mostof大多数(12)with(a)smilingface面带微笑初中介词搭配101)atonce立刻2)atlast最后3)atfirst起先,首先4)attheageof…在……岁时5)attheendof…在……之末6)atthebeginningof…在……之初7)atthefootof…在……脚下8)atthesametime同时10\n9)atnight/noon在夜里/中午10)withone'shelp在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助11)withthehelpof…在……的帮助下12)withasmile面带笑容13)withone'sowneyes亲眼看见14)afterawhile过了一会儿15)fromnowon从现在起16)fromthenon从那时起17)farexample例如18)farawayfrom远离19)frommorningtillnight从早到晚20)byandby不久21)byairmail寄航空邮件22)bybike/air/train/bus骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车23)byordinarymail寄平信24)bytheway顺便说25)bythewindow在窗边26)bytheendof…到……底为止27)littlebylittle逐渐地28)inall总共29)infact事实上30)inone'stwenties在某人二十几岁时31)inahurry匆忙32)inthemiddleof在……中间33)innotime(inaminute)立刻,很快34)intime(ontime)及时35)inpublic公众,公开地36)inorderto为了……37)infrontof在……前面38)inthesun在阳光下39)intheend最后,终于40)insurprise惊奇地41)inturn依次42)ofcourse当然43)abit(of)有一点儿44)alotof许多45)alittle一点儿46)onone'swayto某人在去……的路上47)onfoot步行,走路48)atalkonspace一个关于太空的报告49)ontheotherhand另一方面50)at/ontheweekend在周末51)ontheleft(right)在左(右)边52)ontheothersideof在……另一边53)ontheradio通过收音机(无线电广播)54)toone'sjoy使……高兴的是55)toone'ssurprise使……惊讶的是10介词与动词搭配10arrivein/at到达askfor要,请求dowellin在……方面做得好givein投降goon继续hearfrom收到……来信hearof听说help'sB.withsth.帮助……做laughat嘲笑learnfrom向……学习leavefor离开一地去另一地talkto与……谈话goinfor从事,致力于putup穿上,挂上takedown拿下,取了lookat(有意识地)看speakto对某人说sendfor派人去请shoutat大声叫喊,吼叫takeaway拿走,带走thinkof考虑,关心turninto把……变成waitfor等候,等待takeoff脱下,起飞turnon/off打开(关上)listento听lookafter照顾,照看lookfor寻找looklike看上去像getto到达10\npointto指着……fillwith充满,装满believein信任beginwith以……开始10deal/dowith处置,对待meetwith偶尔遇见,遭遇passon传递belongto属于dependon依靠,依赖writeto写信给……10callon号召,访问,邀请dieof死于……lookout向四下看,到处看smileat向……微笑10英语中考专题复习介词部分()1.Chinalies_______theeastofAsiaand______thenorthofAustralia.A.to;toB.in;toC.to;inD.in;on()2.______theafternoonofMarch8,thewomeninthecityhadabigparty.A.ToB.InC.AtD.On()3.Weallagree_______you.Let’sstartatonce.A.toB.forC.withD.on()4.Where’sLily?Weareallhere_______her.A.besidesB.aboutC.exceptD.with()5.Doesyourfathergotowork,_______footor_______bike?A.on;withB.with;onC.by;onD.on;by()6.Lucywas_______dutyyesterday,butsheforgottocleantheclassroom.A.inB.onC.atD.of()7.Timmygoestoschool_______everyday.It’s5minutes’walkfromhishometoschool.A.inabusB.byplaneC.onfootD.byboat()8.Mum,todayisMother’sDay.MikeandIwanttoinviteyoutohavedinner_______usatShanghaiRestaurant,whichisfamous_______itsseafood.A.with;ofB.with;forC.for;toD.to;for()9.Hehasgotachairtosit_______,butnobodytotalk_______.A.on;toB./;withC.on;/D./;to()10.JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschool_______theyearof2000.A.sinceB.inC.onD.by()11.–Howareyougoingtothetrainstationtomeetyouraunt?--I’mgoingthere_______mycar.10\nA.byB.inC.toD.on()12.Andyoftenhelpshermother________thehouseworkonSundayafternoon.A.toB.withC.forD.of()13.–You’dbetternotgooutnow.it’sraining.--Itdoesn’tmatter.Mynewcoatcankeep_______rain.A.inB.ofC.withD.off()14.Englishiswidelyused________travelersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.A.toB.forC.asD.by()15.Mysisterusuallythinks_______herownlanguagefirst.ThensheturnsherwordsintoEnglish.A.byB.inC.withD.through()16.–It’skind_______youtocometoseeme.--It’sapleasure.Youweresokind_______me.A.of;withB.for;withC.of;toD.for;to()17.–Isthemanagerin?--Sorry,heisout.Buthewillbeback_______threeo’clock.A.inB.onC.untilD.before()18._______theageoffifteen,shehadwrittenscoresofarticlesforanewspaper.A.AtB.BeforeC.SinceD.By()19.InChina,thepriceofTVsetshasbeenreduced________30%inthelastthreeyears.A.onB.byC.withD.for()20.Whenyoucalledonme,Iwas_______avisittoMrSmith.A.onB.atC.inD.to()21.–Bob,youarewanted_______thephone.–Thanksalot.A.onB.byC.ofD.for()22.Thesoilismade_______thedeadleavesofthetrees.A.upofB.ofC.fromD.by()23.Ididn’thaveanybreakfast_______acupofmilk.A.besidesB.exceptforC.exceptD.for()24.We’resureyou’llbefamous_______awriterbeforelong.A.asB.forC.withD.by()25.Thewriteroftensatupfarintothenightworking_______anewnovel.A.forB.onC.withD.in()26.Youlooktired.________workingindoorsyoushouldbeoutforawalk.A.AheadofB.InsteadofC.InfrontofD.Inspiteof()27.Youmuststand_______linewhenyouarewaiting_______abus.A.on;inB.in;forC.in;onD.on;for()28.Manlandedonthemoonin1969forthefirsttime.Haveyoueverheard______it?A.onB.toC.ofD.from10\n()29.It’sverynice______youtogetmetwotickets_______theWorldCup.A.for;ofB.of;forC.to;forD.of;to()30.Thewomanfeelsworried_______hersickbaby.A.forB.toC.onD.about()31.–WhatdoyouthinkofthereportontheUFOs?--Great!Manystudentswereinterestedinitandtheykeptonstanding______theendofthemeeting.A.untilB.inC.atD.by()32.Haveyougotanybooks_______science?A.atB.aboutC.ofD.in()33.Shelikesreading_______manydifferentsubjects.A.ofB.atC.onD.in()34.MrWangisverystrict.Hisstudentsareafraid_______him.A.atB.ofC.aboutD.to()35.Thisstoryhappened_______thelastfewyears.A.atB.sinceC.duringD.for()36.Weshoulddosomethingtostopsandstorms______happeningagainandagain.A.fromB.onC.byD.to()37.ChinabecameaWTOmember_______December11th,2001.A.onB.inC.atD.of()38.There’sasmileonherface.Ithinkshe’s_______mywork.A.sorryforB.worriedaboutC.pleasedwithD.afraidof10