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  • 2022-09-08 发布

初中英语名词练习题及详解

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名词判断对错1、[误]Pleasegivemeapaper.[正]Pleasegivemeapieceofpaper.[析]不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词,这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了,所以造成了这样的错误,因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类,是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时,要用与之相关的量词来表达,如:twopiecesofpaper.2、[误]Pleasegivemetwoletterpapers.[正]Pleasegivemetwopiecesofletterpaper.[析]paper作为纸讲是不可数名词,而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词,如:Eachstudentshouldwriteapaperonwhathehaslearnt.3、[误]Myglassesisbroken.[正]Myglassesarebroken.4、[误]Iwanttobuytwoshoes.[正]Iwanttobuytwopairsofshoes.\n[析]英语中glasses—眼镜,shoes—鞋,trousers—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用apairofglasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如:5、Thispairofglassesisverygood.[误]MayIborrowtworadioes?[正]MayIborrowtworadios?[析]以o结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式,但如果o前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。这样的词有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos.6、[误]ThisisaMary'sdictionary.[正]ThisisMary'sdictionary.[析]如名词前有指示代词this,that,thesethose,及其他修饰词our,some,every,which,或所有格时,则不要再加冠词。7、[误]Therearemuchpeopleinthegarden.[正]Therearemanypeopleinthegarden.[析]可数名词前应用many,few,afew,alotof来修饰,而people是可数名词,而且是复数名词,如:Thepeopleareplantingtrees\nhere.8、[误]Iwantafewwater.[正]Iwantalittlewater.[析]不可数名词前可以用alittle,little,alotof,some来修饰,但不可用many,few来修饰。9、[误]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyisverykindtome.[正]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyareverykindtome.10、[误]Tom'sandMary'sfamilyarewaitingforus.[正]Tom'sandMary'sfamiliesarewaitingforus.11、[误]I'msorry.Ihavetogo.Tom'sfamiliesarewaitingforme.[正]I'msorry.Ihavetogo.Tom'sfamilyarewaitingforme.[析]集合名词如果指某个集合的整体,则应视为单数,如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。如:Myfamilyisabigfamily.WhenIcamein,Tom'sfamilywerewatching\nTV.即汤姆一家人正在看电视。这样的集合名词有:familyclass,team等。12、[误]Don'teattoomuchmeats.[正]Don'teattoomuchmeat.13、[误]Foodinthatrestaurantisverygood.[正]Thefoodinthatrestaurantisverygood.[析]物质名词是不可数名词,在使用中不可以加s,即它没有复数形式。也不可加不定冠词。但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。如:Idon'tlikedrinkingcoffee,butthecoffeeinthatcupisreallygood.14、[误]Pleasegivemetwowaters.[正]Pleasegivemetwoglassesofwater.[正]Pleasegivemetwocoffees.[析]物质名词如要加计量时,一定要加量词,如:twocupsoftea,twoglassesofwater,aglassofmilk,aloafofbread,apieceofbread,aboxofsugar,abowlofrice,abottleoforange,abagofearth例:I'lltellyouapieceofgoodnews.但只有coffee可以用coffees来取代many\ncupsofcoffee.15、[误]Canyougivemethenewspaperoftoday?[正]Canyougivemetoday'snewspaper?[析]加's构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物。如:Mary'shair,但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离等名词的所有格多用's来构成而不用of结构。如:afiveminutes'walk.16、[误]Pleasemakearoomfortheladyintheschoolbus.[正]Pleasemakeroomfortheladyintheschoolbus.[析]英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的,如:room为可数名词时为“房间”,如:IliveinRoom5.而room为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为“请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。”这样的词还有:glass玻璃glasses眼镜stone石头astone一块石头time时间twotimes两次wood木头woods树林17、[误]Thereisaflowersgardenbehind\nmyhouse.[正]Thereisaflowergardenbehindmyhouse.[析]名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外,还可以用来修饰另一个名词,这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式,如:shoefactory(鞋厂),postoffice(邮局),eveningpaper(晚报),nightschool(夜校),headmaster(校长),alawschool(法律学院)。但也有例外,如:agoodstrain(货车),sportsmeeting(运动会)。18、[误]Mymotherboughttwofishesforsupperthismorning.[正]Mymotherboughttwofishforsupperthismorning.[析]英语中有些名词单复同形,如:fish,deer,sheep,Chinese(中国人),means(方法)。所以应讲onefish,twofish,oneChinese,twoChinese.如果讲Therearefivefishesinthepool.应译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。19、[误]Maryexpressedherthanktoherboyfriend.\n[正]Maryexpressedherthankstoherboyfriend.[析]英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如:thanks,greens,而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意。如:clothes为衣服,而cloth则是布,sand沙子,而sands是沙滩。20、[误]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationonhissuccess.[正]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationsonhissuccess.[析]英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式,但一般要用其复数形式。如握手为shakehands.21、[误]WehavefiveGermaninthismeeting.[正]WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.[析]英国人Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen,而German则要加s,因为它不是由国名与man的组合词。22、[误]TherearetwoAsinthisword.[正]TherearetwoA'sinthisword.\n[析]在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加s,但如字母是A、I时,为了防止与As和Is相混,则要用's即A's,I's23、[误]Therearethree6sandtwo3sinmytelephonenumber.[正]Therearethree6'sandtwo3'sinmytelephonenumber.[析]在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达法中要用's24、[误]Wehavemanywomanteachersinourschool.[正]Wehavemanywomenteachersinourschool.[析]一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词变为复数如:halfbrother—halfbrothers(同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)daughterinlaw—daughtersinlaw,(儿媳)但要注意的是:mandriver—mendrivers(男司机)womandoctor—womendoctors(女大夫)grownup—grownups(成年人)但是boystudent—则变为boystudents25、[误]Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.[正]Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.\n[析]虽以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有:科学,学科名字:Physics.Mathematicspolitics游戏名称:bowls专有名称:NiagaraFalls(尼亚加拉瀑布)其他名词:news(消息,新闻)26、[误]Thereisapeopleintheroom.[正]Thereisapersonintheroom.[正]Thereisamanintheroom.[析]people是复数名词,不可用作单数,如要用来讲一个人时应用aperson,aman,awoman。同样的词有police.要讲一个警察时则要用apoliceman,apolicewoman。27、[误]Whereismyshoe?[正]Wherearemyshoes?[析]常常只用作复数形式的词有trousers,pants,shorts(短裤),socks(袜子),shoes,gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一个则要指明,这时还是应用单数形式。如:Where'smyleftglove?(我左手的手套在哪?)28、[误]Ipaidfivepenniesforthesweet.[正]Ipaidfivepenceforthesweet.[析]英语中便士有两个复数形式pence\n用来表达一定数量的钱。而pennies是指一个个的硬币,如:Iwanttochangethisnoteforpennies.我想把这纸币换成硬币。(即一便士一个的硬币)。29、[误]Therearemanyfruitintheshop.[正]Therearemanyfruitsintheshop.[析]物质名词为不可数名词,但是用来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词,这里应译为各种各样的水果。30、[误]Thereisanewcar.ItisJone'sandMary's.[正]Thereisanewcar.ItisJoneandMary's.[析]有生命名词的所有格,如果是单数名词则加's如:Mary'scar.如果是以s结尾的复数名词则只在s后面加’如:teachers'offices.如果是复数名词但不是以s结尾,则只加’s,如:children'spalace组合名词的所有格是在最后一个词尾加's如:girlfriend—girlfriend'ssomeoneelse—someoneelse'saweekorthree—aweekorthree's如名词后有同位语时,则应加在同位语的词尾上,如:Itismygirlfriend,Mary'scar.\n要注意的是当两个名词并列时,如表示归两人共同所有,则在最后一个名词后面加's,如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加's,如:ThisisMaryandJone'shome.即Mary与Jone是一家人。这是他们共同的家。而TheseareMary'sandJone'shomes.则应译为这里是Mary的家与Jone的家。31、[误]Itisreallybeautiful.Itisaworkofnature.[正]Itisreallybeautiful.ItisaNature'swork.[析]无生命名词的所有格应用of结构。但是's形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词:表示时间的词:today'snewspaper,atwentyminutes'walk,anhour's,rest表示长度的词:threemetres'distance,aboat'slength,twentymiles'journey表示重量的名词:twopounds'weight价格名词:twodollars'worth拟人化的名词:Nature'swork,nature'slesson(大自然的教训)及国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词:theuniversity'slibrary32、[误]Heisanoldfriendofmyfather.\n[正]Heisanoldfriendofmyfather's.[析]这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法去推理。如:ThispenisTom's.33、[误]Myfatherisagoodcooker.[正]Myfatherisagoodcook.[析]一般动词加上er后则转意为执行该动作的执行者,如:teach(教)—teacher(老师),think(想)—thinker(思想家),drive(开车)—driver(司机),sell(卖)—seller(卖物者)……但不能总是以此类推,比如cook是动词“做饭”。而cook也可作为名词“厨师”讲,而cooker则为厨具,餐具,即锅、碗、勺等做饭用具。34、[误]Theyoungisdancingthere.[正]Theyoungaredancingthere.[析]英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词,如:therich富人,thepoor(穷人),thewise聪明人,但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词,如:Thebeautifulisstillhere.美丽的风景依旧。35、[误]Thestoriesofthebookwaswrittenmanyyearsago.\n[正]Thestoriesofthebookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.[析]这句话的真正主语应是stories,所以应用复数谓语动词。36、[误]ThisisoneoftheEnglishChinesedictionary.[正]ThisisoneoftheEnglishChinesedictionaries.[析]oneof意为“……之一”,of后面的名词要用复数形式。37、[误]Let'sgotouncleWangforsupper.[正]Let'sgotouncleWang'sforsupper.[析]uncleWang's意为“王叔叔家”,doctor's意为“医院或私人诊所”。38、[误]Ithinkwewillmakeafriendwitheachother.[正]Ithinkwewillmakefriendswitheachother.[析]makefriends为习惯用法,即交朋友。39、[误]Iwanttotellyoumuchpiecesofgoodnews.[正]Iwanttotellyoumanypiecesofgood\nnews.[析]news为不可数名词,但加了量词之后则要用many来修饰量词,因量词是可数名词,或可以说Iwanttotellyousomegoodnews.因some即可用在可数名词前,也可用在不可数名词前作形容词,如:Iwanttotellyousomepiecesofgoodnews.40、[误]Theteacherwithfivestudentsarecominghere.[正]Theteacherwithfivestudentsiscominghere.[析]要注意由with引出的介词短语不是本句的主语,这与连词and有很大的区别,如:Theteacherandfivestudentsarecominghere.这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是teacher的修饰语。41、[误]Therearealotofinformationhere,butwedon'tneedthem.[正]Thereisalotofinformationhere,butwedon'tneedit.[析]information为不可数名词,而用作代替它的词要用it而不能用them.\n42、[误]Manyastudentmakethesamemistakeintheexam.[正]Manyastudentmakesthesamemistakeintheexam.[析]manya加可数名词单数,作主语时其谓语动词应用单数形式,但其意为许多学生。43、[误]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschooltoday.[正]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothestogotoschooltoday.[析]英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之词:cloth是物质名词,意为“布”,没有复数形式,而clothing是指衣物的总称,也没有复数形式。clothes是指衣服,但没有单数形式,如:Thisclothingisneededinwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.英文中的dress则指较正规的服装,如:aschooldress校服,aneveningdress晚礼服。44、[误]IliketostudytheEnglish.[正]IliketostudyEnglish.\n[析]作为一种学科名词前不要用冠词,而作为某一特指学科则要加冠词,如:Iliketostudyhistory.IliketostudythehistoryofAmerica.45、[误]TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.[正]TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.[析]定冠词加姓加s,则意为“Brown先生一家人”。所以应用复数谓语动词。此句应译为:Brown先生一家将要访问中国。(三)例题解析1.LucyandLily___inthesameclass.A.amB.isC.areD.be[答案]C.[析]由and连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词。2.Whichisthe___tothebusstop,please?AroadBwayCstreetDaddress[答案]B.[析]这是考察同意词辨析,road是指较宽阔的大道,意为“乡间公路”,而street意为道路两边的建筑物较高,可视为街道之意,而way则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径,还可引深为方式、方法。而address\n则为“地址”。如:Thereisacarrunningalongthecountryroad.Iliveat105Parkstreet.CanyoushowmethewaytotheNationalMuseum?3.Hurryup!Thereis___timeleft.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew[答案]A.[析]因time作为时间讲为不可数名词,所以不可用few,afew来修饰。另外,英文的表达法与中文不同,中文讲,快点,时间不多了,而英文要讲,快点,没时间了。因此,要用little而不用alittle.4.Howmany___canyouseeinthepicture?AtomatosBtomatoesCtomatoDthetomato[答案]B.[析]用Howmany提问时,其名词要用复数形式,而tomato的复数要加es.5.— ___isthemeat.Please?— Tenyuanakilo.AHowmuchBHowmanyCHowoldDHowlong\n[答案]A.[析]由对话的答语可看出其问句问的是价格。钱数作为整体、价格讲时,不论其值是多少都是不可数名词,要用howmuch提问。6Theboy'snameisJamesAllenGreen.Sohisgivennameis___.AJamesAllenBAllenGreenCJamesGreenDMr.Green[答案]A.[析]英文的习惯与中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文则是姓在最后,其第一个名字是由父母所起的,中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可称作givenname,而姓在英文中是familyname.7Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest___inourcountry.AcityBcity'sCcitysDcities[答案]D.[析]复音字母以y结尾的单词的复数形式要把y变成i再加es。oneof加名词的结构中的名词应用复数。\n8Wouldyoupleasepassme___?Atwopaper   BtwopapersCtwopiecesofpaperDtwopiecesofpapers[答案]C.[析]paper是不可数名词,如讲一张、两张纸时,要用量词piece.9September10this___Day.ATeacherBTeachersCTeacher'sDTeachers'[答案]D.10Ionlyhave___breadforlunchtoday.AabitBabitofClittleDfew[答案]B.11“Whatwouldyoulike,Ann?”“I'dliketwo___.”AglassofmilkBglassesofmilkCglassofmilksDglassesofmilks[答案]B.12Thereisn't___paperinthebox.Willyougoandget___forme?\nAany,someBany,anyCsome,someDsome,any[答案]A.[析]any用于否定句与疑问句,但如果要表达说话者真心实意希望得到肯定答复时,问句中要用some而不要按一般语法规律用any.13June1stis___.AChildren'sdayBchildren'sDayCChildren'sDayDchildren'sday[答案]C.14Theseforeignfriendsare___.AGermanBGermenCGermanyDGermans[答案]D.15Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgotothecinema.AmanyBlittleCafewDfew[答案]D.[析]student是可数名词,而few用于可数名词,意为:几乎没有学生去电影院。\n16Therearethree___andseven___inthepicture.Adeers,sheepsBdeers,sheepCdeer,sheepDdeer,sheeps[答案]C.[析]deer与sheep均是单复同形的名词。17Whoseroomisthis?It's___.AmyBKike'sandJohn'sCourDKikeandJohn's[答案]D.[析]因为room为单数,所以不可能是Kike的一间与John的一间,应为二者共用的一间房子。

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