初中英语宾语从句课件全配练习 40页

宾语从句1\n什么叫宾语？宾语就是位于及物动词或介词之后的名词性结构，包括名词，代词等等。1）Ilikeapples.2)Theyaretalkingaboutme.判断一个词是不是宾语，首先要看它是不是跟在及物动词或介词后面；其次要看它是不是名词或代词。2\n一、宾语从句宾语从句就是将原本位于及物动词或介词后面的名词或代词换成一个简单句。Ilikeapples.Ilike(thatyougetmygift).括号内的那一个简单句就叫做宾语从句，而且它是“主谓宾”结构，它是整个句子充当及物动词like的宾语。3\n简单句：Theyaretalkingaboutme.宾语从句：Theyaretalkingabout（whonewlycometoourclass）.括号内的那一个简单句就叫做宾语从句，而且它是“主谓”结构，它是整个句子充当及介词about的宾语。4\n二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序5\n（一）连接词1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.连接副词whenwhywherehow。6\n当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。结构式为：主语+及物动词+that+从句，例如：合并句子：Hecouldfinishhisworkbeforesupper.Hesaid.Hesaidthathecouldfinishhisworkbeforesupper．7\n当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时用if或whether引导，意为“是否”,结构式为：主语+及物动词+if/whether+从句合并句子：Doeshestillliveshereaftersomanyyears?Idon’tknow.Idon'tknowif／whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears．8\n只能用whether的情况1、具有选择意义，又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whether。合并句子：1)Willhecomeornot?Letmeknow.Letmeknowwhetherhewillcomeornot．9\n2、介词之后用whether合并句子：1）DoeshelikeEnglish?Iaminterested.I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish．2)Canwefinishtheworkontime?Wearethinking.We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime．10\n不定式前用whetherIdon'tknowwhethertogo．Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain．11\nwhether置于句首时，不能换用ifWhetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．12\nIf与whether的区别Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whether13\n如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导Pleasetellhim.Whichclassareyouin.宾语从句：Pleasetellhimwhichclassyouarein.Whatdoesshelikemost?Doyouknow?宾语从句：Doyouknowwhatshelikesmost?14\nHeaskedme.WhomwasIwaitingfor?宾语从句：heaskedmewhomIwaswaitingfor.WhoseadviceshouldItake?Ican’tdecide.宾语从句：Ican’tdecidewhoseadviceIshouldtake.15\n由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句whenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislatewhocouldanswerthequestion1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他们在等谁）3.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我们什么时候开会）4.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪儿）5.Couldyoutellme______________________.（我该怎么去车站）6.Wouldyoutellme_________________（为什么火车迟到了）whomtheyarewaitingfor16\n（二）语序宾语从句复合句的无论主句或从句都可以是陈述句，也可以是疑问句。但无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。陈述句语序就是“主语在前，动词在后”(史称:主前动后)。陈述句语序的常见正确表达式为:a主语+动词b主语+助动词(has/have)或情态动词+实义动词17\nCanyoutellmewhereyouwereborn?(you是主语，were是动词，主前动后，满足表达式a,)Canyoutellmewherewereyouborn?18\n判断从句是否是陈述句语序的小技巧：把从句单独拿出来，如果构成合乎语法规范的疑问句，如一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，那这个语序必定不是陈述句语序。1、Shetoldmethatwouldsheliketogowithus.从句wouldsheliketogowithus,加上一个问号，就是完整的特殊疑问句，那它就是疑问句语序，而不是陈述句语序。正确说法应为：Shetoldmethatshewouldliketogowithus.19\n2、MissGreendidn’ttelluswheredidshelivein2008.从句wheredidshelivein2008,加一个句号，就是完整的特殊疑问句，那它就是疑问句语序，不是陈述句语序。正确的说法应为：MrGreendidn’ttelluswhereshelivedin2008.20\n（三）时态(时态一致性）1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?任何21\n2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.过去22\n3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用_______时态。例如：Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.一般现在23\n三、宾语从句与简单句的转换1、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.24\n2、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.→Shedoesn’tknow________________.3、当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?→Willyoupleaseshowme___________________.4、当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/orderSb.(not)todosth结构。eg:Pleasebequiet.WhatdidBillsay?Heaskedustobequiet.whattodonexthowtoworkitout25\n简化宾语从句常用方法方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.→Wedecidedtohelphim.26\n方法二：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.27\n方法三:当主句谓语动词是tell，ask，show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation？除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.28\n四、否定转移在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:(6)Idon’tbelievehehasfinishedthework,________?(7)HeknewwhyJimwasn’tatschool,___________?解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当。例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语由主句的主语充当。hashedidn’the29\n１．Doyouknow__________________?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive2.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe______atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.willdoCB巩固练习：I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。30\n4．Lily’smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind________?whatLilywasB.whatwasLilyC.whereLilywasD.wherewasLilyC3.—Wedon’tknow______.--ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshereC31\n5Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake6Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelledAC32\n7.Couldyoupleasetellme________hewillcomeheretomorrow?A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.whichA8.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijingC33\nII.改错：1.MissZhangaskedmewhywasIlateforschool.__________________________________________MissZhangaskedmewhyIwaslateforschool.2.Fathertoldmethesunalwaysroseintheeast.__________________________________________Fathertoldmethesunalwaysrisesintheeast.3.Hedoesn’tknowthatwhenshecancomeback.__________________________________________Hedoesn’tknowwhenshecancomeback.34\nTheradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.Ihearhe__________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Heaskedwhatthey__________ateightlastnight.(do)Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)Ithinkyou__________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters_________from.(be)willbegoeswereplayinghasreturnedhadbeentravelsaretalkingwereweredoing35\n10.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_________toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)wrotemoveshastakenhasbeenrisesdid36\n将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyousayatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillsayatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.37\n6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.7.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.8.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?9.“Whyisthetrainlate?”Wouldyoutellme?10.“WhereisTom?”Theyasked.Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?TheyaskedwhereTomwas.Jimaskedifhewasdoinghishomework.38\n宾语从句小结一.结构1.当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+that+主语+谓语部分2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+if(whether)+主语+谓语部分3.当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语+谓语部分二．主从时态关系主句从句１．一般现在时２．一般过去时3.(特殊):任何时态(客观、自然现象)三.语序：陈述语序时态不变时态相应变化一般现在时39\nGoodbye!40