初中过去完成时讲解练习及答案 6页

过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作Z前已经发生或完成了的动作，即"过去的过去(past-in-the-past)那时以前那时现在构成：主语+had+过去分词(p.p),其中had通用于各种人称。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10:00thismorning.①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词.②否定句:主语+had+not+i±去分词.③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词？肯定冋答：Yes,主语+had否定回答：No,主语+hadnft④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+—般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)？⑤被动语态:主语+had(hadn*t)+been+过去分词二、过去完成时的判断依据1・由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:(1)by+过去的时间点。女U：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+过去的时间点。女U：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+过去的时间点。如I：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：(1)宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先丁主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.(2)状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,\n动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。女山WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的吋间状语从句中，1±1于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主.从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom・(3)表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表不"原本…，未能…"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.2.根据上、下文来判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去二女山WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook,（hadwritten发生在told之前）3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already,yet,still,just,before,never等时间副词及by,before,until等引导的短语或从句连用。女n：BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。女口:Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.(hadworked已有了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能)5.过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...,nosooner...than...(刚就),Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。e.g：Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演厂听众就打断了他。\nNosoonerhadheairivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就疑了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have（has）+过去分词S过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去J只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。一I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。一Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）一Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。—Wherehadhebeen?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returnedhomeZ前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去"）练习一.单项选择1•Heaskedmeduringthesummerholidays*A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD>wherehadIgone2.WhatJanebythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has，doneCdid，did.D.had，done3.1900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB>waslearningC.hadlearnedD・learnt2.Shelivedhereforyears.A.had,afewB・has,severalC.had,alotofD・has,agreatdealof3.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,Ithedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked4.ShesaidshetheprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB・sawC.willseeD・hadseen5.ShesaidherfamilythemselvesthearmyduringthewanA.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD>hadhidden,with6.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he•\nA.hascompleteduniversityB・hascompletedtheuniversityBehadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9>ShehadwrittenanumberofbookstheendoflastyeanA.forB.inC.byD.at\n10.Hetoplaybeforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.11.WhatAnniebythetimehewasten?A.did,dodid,didC.has,doneD.haddone12.He_inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork13.Bytheendoflastweek,they_A・hascompletedB.Completed14.Benhatesplayingviolin,A.a…theB.the...the15.Bythetimehewas4,he.thebridge.C.willcompletebuthelikesplayingC./...theD.hadcompletedfootball.D.the…/A・hadlearnedB.haslearnedalotofGermanwords.C.learnedD.learns16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthentheclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left17.TheyinGuangzhousince2000.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving18eThetrainfromBeijing_tenminutesago.A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived19.Thestudentstheirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A•havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned20>Fergietheprojectinonehour>A.havefinishedB.willflnishC.finishesD・hasflnished21.Themanhiscoatandwentout>A.putonB.hadputonC.willputonD.wasputtingon一.用动词的适当形式填空1.We(paint)thehousebeforewe(move)in.2.Thatricholdman(make)awillbeforehe(die).3.They(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey(leave).4.Therobbers(runaway)beforethepolicemen(arrive).5.1(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI(go)tobed.1.Paul(go)outwithJaneafterhe(make)aphonecalk7>Tom(say)he(read)thebooktwice.8.Ourplan(fail)becausewe(make)abadmistake.9.Whenthechairman(finish)speaking,he(leave)thehall.lOeTheReads(have)lunchwhenI(get)toth&rhouse.lleWhenI(arrive)atthestation,he(leave).12>We(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.13・Iwaiteduntilhe(finish)hishomework.14eWeweresurprisedatwhatshealready(do)15・She(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe(be)therebefore.\n一.句型转换1.Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.（改否定句）2.Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced.（改否定句）2.Theybegantoclimbthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrinks.（否定）3.By10:00a.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.（改一般疑问）4.LucyhadalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.（改一般疑问）5.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.（改一般疑问）7..HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim.（对划线部分提问）8.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit.（对划线部分提问）9..Jackdidiftgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthefilm.（对划线部分提问）lO.Wehadhadthetoysfortenyearsbeforewegavethemtothechild.（对划线部分提问）1l.Shehadwrittenthebookbytheendof1960.（对划线部分提问）10.Wecookedthedumplings.Weatethemup.（用过去完成时连接两句）11.Jim'sfathermendedthecar.Itwasbroken.（用过去完成时连接两句）12.Wehadourtests.Thenwehadalongholiday.（用过去完成时连接两句）Afterwe,we13.Heshowedusthepicture.Thenheshowedusaroundthehouse.用过去完成时连接两句）Beforehe,he.