初中英语名词讲解与练习_免费下载 19页

百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功(二）名词I.名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1.’s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,复数名词一般在末尾加’theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,不规则复数名词后加’sthechildren’stoys,women’srights,以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’sJapan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’sJapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s2.’s所有格的用法：１表示时间today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday2表示自然现象theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches3表示国家城市等地方的名词thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry4表示工作群体theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory5表示度量衡及价值amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词thelife’stime,theplay’splot7某些固定词组abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)3.of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名词化的词：thestruggleoftheoppressed注：不同国籍人的单复数 国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人the Chinese,a Chinese,two Chinese      瑞士人the Swiss,a Swiss,two Swiss澳大利亚人the Australians,an Australian,two Australians俄国人the Russians,a Russian,two Russians意大利人the Italians,an Italian,two Italians      希腊人the Greek,a Greek,two Greeks法国人the French,a Frenchman,two Frenchmen  日本人the Japanese,a Japanese,two Japanese美国人the Americans,an American,two Americans印度人the Indians,an Indian,two Indians加拿大人the Canadians,a Canadian,two Canadians德国人the Germans,a German,two Germans英国人the English,an Englishman,two Englishmen瑞典人the Swedish,a Swede,two Swedes18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功名词练习1.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.      A.roofs,leafs              B.roofs,leaves            C.rooves,leafs            D.rooves,leaves2.Therearethree____inourfactory.      A.womandoctors        B.womendoctors        C.womandoctor         D.womendoctor3.Whichdoyouprefer____or____?      A.potatos,tomatos             B.potatos,tomatoes     C.potatoes,tomatos     D.potatoes,tomatoes4.Theyare____ofdifferentpresses(出版社).Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe____office.      A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chief’s                 B.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chief’s      C.editors-in-chiefs,editor’s-in-chief’s              D.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chief’s5.Theanthastwo____.            A.stomaches        B.stomacks          C.stomach           D.stomachs6.Hedoesn’tlike____forsupper.                    A.chick        B.chicken     C.chickens   D.chicks7.Itwas____hotweatherthatmanyofuswentswimming.  A.so B.such     C.soas  D.sucha8.____wonderfulspacetheysawontheroom! A.How  B.HowaC.What       D.Whata9.Weknow____travelsnotsofastaslight.    A.soundB.sounds    C.thesounds D.asound10.Myfamilyraisealotof____,includingtwo____.      A.cattle,cows                    B.cows,cattle                    C.cattles,cows           D.cow,cattles11.Anumberofsoldiers____athecampgate（军营门口）.      A.havegathered          B.hasgathered            C.is                            D.was12.TheBrownshavespentalarge____ofmoneyontheirnewcar.      A.deal                        B.amount                    C.number                   D.size13.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.      A.Many                      B.Agreatmany           C.Agreatdealof         D.Anumberof14.MrLishook____warmlywithafriend.      A.hand                       B.ahand                     C.hands                      D.thehands15.Two____,please.  A.coffee       B.coffees             C.cupofcoffee           D.cupscoffee16.Ican’tpayas____asheaskedfor.      A.highpricea                    B.highprice                C.ahighprice                    D.highaprice17.____knowledgeofspacedevelopsrapidly.   A.Man’s       B.Men’s C.Mens’   D.Person’s18.Istayedat____.             A.XiaoWang’s    B.Wang’shome   C.theWangs  D.homeofWang19.SisterCarrieworksina____factory.          A.shoes        B.shoses       C.shoe   D.shoe’s20.Haveyoueverread____?      A.todaynewspaper             B.newspapertoday             C.newspaperoftoday  D.today’snewspaper21.Two____walkdidn’tmademetired.   A.hour         B.hours        C.hour’s       D.hours’22.Themotheroverthereis____mother.      A.JuliaandMary         B.JuliaandMary’s       C.Julia’sandMary’s    D.Julia’sandMary23.LiMing’shandwritingisbetterthan____intheclass.      A.anyone’s                 B.anyoneelse              C.anyone’selse’s        D.anyoneelse’s24.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.      A.sand,sand               B.sands,sands            C.sand,sands                    D.sands,sand25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.         A.set     B.one    C.copy  D.pair26.Tomusuallytakesa____inbusonrainydays.           A.walk  B.ride    C.trip    D.travel27.Wehaveno____aboutwhereshehasgone.      A.information              B.news                       C.message                  D.flash28.Foodand____aredailynecessities（需要）forthepeople.      A.cloth                       B.clothe                      C.clothes                           D.clothing29.My____ofhearingisnotsogoodasitusedtobe.            A.strength B.sense C.powerD.skill30.The____causedbycarelessness____yesterday.Manyworkerswerekilled.      A.incident,washappened                                B.matter,happened             C.event,wastakenplace                                 D.accident,tookplace31.Theroomwassoquietthatshecouldhearthe____ofherheart.      A.beating                    B.ways                       C.knocking                 D.striking32.____hasbeentoldnottothrowwastethingsanywhere.      A.Thepublic               B.People                     C.Women                   D.Man33.Hewasan____inthegovernment____.      A.office,official          B.official,office          C.officer,office          D.official,officer34.Thereareseveral____inthisnovelwhoaredifferentin____.      A.character,character B.characters,characters      C.character,charactersD.characters,character35.Wevisitedhim____whenhewasinhospital.18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功      A.everyotherdays             B.eachotherday         C.everyotherday        D.everytwoday36.Myfriendwillreturnin____.      A.onedayortwo        B.adayortwo            C.onedayortwo        D.aortwodays37.____isalwaysdifficultforme.A.Translation     B.Translate   C.Thetranslation  D.Atranslation38.____ofthisnovelisexcellent,quitetomysurprise.      A.Translation              B.Translate                 C.Thetranslation         D.Atranslation39.Thepolice____lookingintothematternow.       A.be      B.is       C.are     D.aregoingto40.TheChineseare____braveandhardworkingpeople. A.the   B.a        C./        D.one41.Nonews____goodnews.                  A.is              B.are            C.have         D.has42.Mathsstill____verydifficultforme,thoughIhavedonemybest.A.looks     B.seemsC.isD.are43.“Where____mytrousers?”theboyasked.         A.is       B.was          C.were   D.are44.Howhappytheyare!Obviously,theyare____.      A.innicespirits           B.innicespirit             C.inhighspirits           D.inhighspirit45.Isawmany____seatedinthecornerreadingsomething.      A.Japanese                 B.Japaneses                C.ofJapanese                    D.ofJapaneses46.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.      A.anadvice                 B.advice                     C.advices                   D.theadvices47.Weare____andtheyare____.                                A.Englishmen,Germans B.Englishmen,German C.Englishmans,Germans      D.Englishmen,Germen48.____aremadeof____.      A.Aglass,aglass        B.Glasses,glass          C.Theglass,theglass  D.Glasses,glasses49.I’llhavetobuy____trousers.              A.a       B.two    C.apairof    D.acoupleof50.Therearetwo____inourclass.          A.Liu           B.Lius          C.Liu’s         D.Lius’51.____isneededincoldcountries.      A.Alotofclothes        B.Muchclothing          C.Manyacloth           D.Lotsofclothes52.Theyare____.              A.mathematicsstudent               B.mathematicstudents                                         C.studentsinmathematics          D.mathematicsstudents53.Thelaboratoryassistantrecordedthe____reactions（反应）.      A.mouses’                  B.mice                       C.mices’                           D.mice’s54.Thisletterwassentby____.A.myfatherfriend       B.myfatherfriend’s    C.afriendofmyfather’s     D.afriendofmyfather55.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad____.A.alittlewhitehairB.somewhitehair        C.afewwhitehair       D.afewwhitehairs56.Ihavemade____withBilly.         A.friends             B.friend        C.afriend            D.thefriend57.ThepopulationofBeijingis____thanthatofXi’an.    A.more  B.larger C.fewer D.small58.Therearethirty-two____inourschool.      A.womanteacher        B.womenteacher        C.womenteachers       D.womanteachers59.Hehadtriedeverythingbutitmadelittle______.　A.use  B.goodC.difference　D.result60.Youmustgettherewithinhalfanhour.Thereshouldbeno______insendingthebloodtothedyingman.　　A.wait　                   B.delay　                  C.time　                   D.hurry61.Enoughofit!Nobodyherethinkswhatyouaresayingshouldmakeany______.　　A.excuse　                 B.sense　                   C.use　                    D.value62.-Howdareyouplayonsuchthinice?           -Playingoniceisnotmy______ofsparetime.　　A.idea　                     B.thought　              C.mind　                  D.intention63.HelensaidshewouldliketogotoAtlantabyair,butIwonderifshehasenoughmoneytopayforthe_____.　　A.travel　                 B.tourism　              C.journey　              D.course64.Onesplendidmountain______followedanotherduringourjourneyfromMieheelmoretoRurunz.　　A.view　                  B.glance　                C.screen　                 D.scene65.Thenewlawwillcomeinto___onthedayitispassed.(1999上海)　　A.effect　　               B.use　　                  C.service　　           D.existence66.Whenyouplay'football,what______doyouplay?　A.situation     B.place  C.part  D.position67.It'simportantforustoemployawordoraphraseaccordingtothe______inlanguagestudies.　　A.situation　             B.expression　          C.condition　            D.translation68.Iwrotehimalettertoshowmy______ofhisthoughtfulness.　　A.achievement　       B.agreement　          C.view　                   D.appreciation名词答案：1~5BBDDD 6~10BBCAA11~15ABCCB16~20DAACD21~25DBDCD26~30BADBD 31~35AABDC36~40BACCB41~45ABDCA46~50BABCB51~55BDDCD56~60ABCCB61~65BACAA 66~70DAD18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功(三）冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a,an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定词组中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于乐器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代inthe1990’s11用于表示单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrain,byair,byland7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功练习题填空Thereis_______ pictureof_______ elephanton_______ wall．2．Thisis_______ usefulbook．I'vereaditfor_______ hour．3．_______ elephantismuchheavierthan_______ horse．4．_______ doctortoldhimtotake_______ medicinethreetimes_______ day．5．Let'sgooutfor_______ walk．6．It'stoohot．Open_______ door，please．7．Thereis_______ womanoverthere．_______ womanisMeimei'smother．8．_______ sunrisesin_______ east．9．_______ ChangjiangRiveris_______ longestriverin_______ China．10．Areyougoingtodoit_______ secondtime？11．Washingtonis_______ capitalof_______ USA．12．_______ Turnersarelivingattheendof_______ TurnerStreet．13．Hejoinedthearmyin_______ springof_______ 1995．14．_______ oldmanis_______ teacher．Helikesplaying_______ basketballafter_______ supper．15．AfterIhad_______ quickbreakfast，Ihurriedtoschool．16．Are_______ sheepkeptby_______ farmersforproducing_______ wooland_______ meat？17．Theywentto_______ People'sPark，butwebothwentto_______ People'sCinemayesterday．18．Ioftenwatch_______ TVin_______ evening．19．_______ dayof_______ December20，1999isMonday．20．Tomorrowis_______ ChristmasDayandmyfatherandIwenttochoose _______ Christmastreetoday．选择填空1．—DoesJimhave_______ ruler？—Yes，hehas_______ ．A．an；some  B．a；one  C．a；／  D．any；one2．Thereis_______ oldbike．_______ oldbikeisMrZhao's．A．an；The  B．the；An C．a；The  D．the；The3．_______ appleadaykeepsthedoctorsaway． A．The   B．A   C．An   D．Two4．—Howmanybooksdoyouhave？  —Ihave_______ book．That's_______ Englishbook． A．a；an B．a；oneC．one；an  D．one；one5．AtthattimeTomwas_______ one-year-oldbaby．A．a     B．an     C．the     D．／6．_______ tigeris_______ China． A．The；a   B．A；the   C．The；from   D．The；the7．Wecan'tsee_______ sunat_______ night．A．the；the B．the；／  C．a；／     D．／；／8．_______ usefulbookitis！A．Whatan   B．Howa    C．Whata   D．What9．Oneafternoonhefound_______ handbag．Therewas_______ “s”onthecornerof_______ handbag．  A．a；an；the    B．a；a；the   C．an；an；an  D．the；a；a10．_______ oldladywithwhitehairspoke_______ Englishwellat_______ meeting． A．An；an；a  B．The；／；an C．The；／；a  D．The；／；the11．_______ GreatWallis_______ longestwallintheworld．A．A；a   B．The；the   C．A；the   D．The；a12．_______ newbridgehasbeenbuiltoverHuangpuRiver．A．The；a B．A；／      C．A；the   D．An；the13．_______ womanoverthereis_______ popularteacherinourschool． A．A；an  B．The；a     C．The；the D．A；the14．Heusedtobe_______ teacherbutlaterheturned_______ writer．A．a；a   B．a；the     C．／；a    D．a；15．Theymadehim_______ king．A．a     B．the     C．an    D．／16．Hisfatheris_______ Englishteacher．Heworksinourschool．A．a     B．an      C．the   D．／17．Ishe_______ Americanboy？  A．an    B．a       C．one   D．／18．DoesTomoftenplay_______ footballafter_______ school？ A．／；／ B．／；the  C．the；／  D．a；／19．Theypassedourschool_______ daybeforeyesterday．A．an     B．one      C．a      D．the20．Australiais_______ English-speakingcountry．A．a      B．an       C．the    D．／21．Shehas_______ orangeskirt．_______ skirtisnice．A．a；The B．an；The  C．an；A  D．the；The22．Thisis_______ apple．It's_______ bigapple．A．an；a  B．a；the   C．a；an   D．an；the23．Lookat_______ horseoverthere．A．a      B．an       C．the     D．／24．Don'tplay_______ basketballhere．It'sdangerous．A．a      B．an       C．／      D．the25．Thereis_______ oldwomaninthecar．A．／     B．the      C．a       D．an26．Beijingis_______ beautifulcity．It's_______ capitalofChina．A．a；a   B．the；the C．／；the D．a；the27．Shanghaiisin_______ eastofChina．A．／     B．an       C．a       D．the28．I'vebeenastudenttherefornearlytwoand_______ halfyears．A．a      B．an       C．the      D．／29．Billis_______ Englishteacher．Helikesplaying_______ football．A．a；the B．an；the  C．a；／   D．an；／30．Themuseumisquitefar．Itwilltakeyouhalf_______ hourtogetthereby_______ bus． A．an；／ B．an；a    C．a；／   D．／；／18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功（四）不定代词的用法1.some，any(1)some多用于肯定句，修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词，作“一些”解。它还可修饰单数可数名词，作“某一”解。如：H-5avianinfluenzafirstbrokeoutinsomeAsiancountries.H-5型禽流感首先在亚洲爆发。Somepeopleareearlyrisers.有些人起得很早。(2)any通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句，修饰单数或复数可数名词以及不可数名词。Ifthereareanynewmagazinesinthelibrary,takesomeforme.图书馆如果来了新杂志，替我借几本。Arethereanystampsinthedrawer?抽屉里有邮票吗？Isthereanymoneywithyou?你身上带钱了吗？(3)any还可以用于肯定句，作“任何的”解。Youcancomehereanytime.你什么时候来都行。Youcangetitatanyshop.你可以在任何一家商店买到它。2.either，both，all(1)either表示“两者中的任何一个”。Eitherofthebrothersisselfish.两兄弟都非常自私。Eitherwilldo.两个都行。(2)both“两个都”，修饰可数名词，统指两者。TomandJackbothmadesomeprogress.汤姆和杰克两个都有所进步。Bothofthemshouldmakeconcessions.他们双方都应做出让步。(3)all“全部，所有的”，修饰可数名词和不可数名词，指两个以上的人或物。Allthestudentscontributedtothefund.所有的学生都为基金会捐了款。Allofthemoneyhasbeenspent.钱都花完了。Weareallforyou.我们都支持你。Sayallyouknowandsayitwithoutreserve.知无不言，言无不尽。3.no，neither，none(1)no“不”，可修饰单数和复数可数名词以及不可数名词。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.时不我待。Therearenocloudsinthesky.天上没有云。Ihavenomoneyforsuchthings.我没钱买这些东西。(2)neither“两者中哪个都不”，其所指范围是两个人或物。Neitheransweriscorrect.两个答案都不对。Neitherofthetwocountriesissatisfiedwiththeresultofthetalk.两个国家都不满意会谈的结果。(3)none“没有一个人或东西”，它既可指可数名词（其所指范围是两个以上的人或物），又可指不可数名词。Allofthetreeswerecutdown,andnonewaswere.left.所有的树都被砍了，一棵也不剩。Noneofthestudentsfailedtheexamination.没有一个学生考试不及格。Noneofthismoneyishis.这笔钱没有一点儿是他的。4.few,afew，little,alittle(1)few的意思是“没有几个”；afew的意思是“少数”，“几个”；修饰可数名词；afew表示肯定意义，few表示否定意义。Theproblemissodifficultthatfewpeoplecansolveit.这个问题太难了，几乎没人能做出来。Onlyafewpeoplecansolvethisproblem.只有几个人能解决这个问题。Fewofthemwanttogo.他们中几乎没有人想去。Afewofthemwanttogo.他们中有几个人想去。(2)little“没有多少”，alittle“少量”，修饰不可数名词；a18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功little表示肯定意义，little表示否定意义。如：Thereislittlerainfallthisspring.今年春季雨水很少。Althoughitdidnotrainforthewholemonth,thereisalittlewaterinthepond.虽然整整一个月没下雨了，但池塘里还有一点水。5.many，much，most(1)many用于修饰可数名词。Manyoftheproblemshavebeensolved.大部分问题已经解决了。Manythinkthatthesituationwillchangesoon.很多人认为局势会很快改变。(2)much用于修饰不可数名词。Muchofthemoneyhasbeenspent.这笔钱的大部分已经被花掉了。Theyhavefinishedmuchofthework.他们已经完成了大部分的工作。6.another，other，theother，others，theothers(1)another指同类中多个东西中的“另一个”（即onemore）。Thiswatchdoesn'twork,Imustgetanotherone.这块表坏了，我该另买一块了。Hewentbacktoworktoosoon，andwaslaidupforanotherthreemonths.他回去上班过早，结果又病倒三个月。但要注意：other与物主限定词连用也可指余下的另一个或全部。如：Useyourotherhand.用你的另一只手。Maryisolderthanmebutmyothersistersareyounger.玛丽比我大，其余的都是我妹妹。(2)other单独使用时指其他的、另外的人或物。Theremustbesomeotherreasonforhimrefusingtohelp.他不予帮助一定另有原因。IsawTomwithsomeotherfellowstudents.我看见汤姆和其他一些同学在一起。(3)theotherone/ones.指同类中余下的另一个或另一些。I'llhavetouseourduplicatekey.Ilosttheotherone.我不得不用我们的备用钥匙了，我把那一把丢了。Wherearetheotherstudents?其他学生去哪儿了？Oneofthemurdererswascaught,buttheotherisstillatlarge.一个凶手被抓住了，另一个却依然逍遥法外。(4)others是other的复数形式，指其他的、另外的人或物。Weshouldnotthinkonlyofourchildren,thereareotherstobecaredforalso.我们不应该只想到自己的孩子，还有别的孩子也需要照顾。Othersmayobjecttothisplan.别人可能会反对这个计划。(5)theothers表示同类中余下的全部。Thesearchpartywasdividedintotwogroups.Somewenttotheright,theotherswenttotheleft.搜寻小组一分为二，一部分人向右，另一部分向左。Jennyisclevererthananyof.theothersinherclass.珍妮比班上的其他（任何）人都聪明。7.复合不定代词someonesomebody,something,anyoneanybody,anything,noonenobody,nothing,everyoneeverybody,everything(1)someone,somebody某人和something某物Someoneisaskingtoseeyou.有人要见你。Someonesuggestsputtingoffthemeeting.有人建议推迟会议。There'ssomethingwrongwiththemachine.机器出了毛病。Somethingstrangehappenedlastnight.昨晚发生了件奇怪的事。(2)anyone,anybody任何人和anything任何事情Anybodycandothiswork.It'sverysimple.这事太简单了，人人都能做。Didyoumeetanyoneonyourwayhome?你回家的路上碰到什么人了吗？Hefaltered："Isanythingwrong？"他支支唔唔地说：“有什么错吗？”18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功Hedidnotsayanythingafterthat.这以后他再也没说什么。(3)noone,nobody没有人.和nothing（没有东西）。I'mnotsomebody.I'mnobody.我不是重要人物，我是个无名小卒。Noonewantstodothat.没人愿做那种事。Nobodyisabsent.没有人缺席。That'snothing.那没有什么。Hesaidheknewnothingaboutit.他说他对那事一无所知。(4)everyone,everybody（每个人）和everything（每样东西，一切事物）。Shesaidgood-byetoeveryone.她和每个人告别。Everybody'sbusinessisnobody'sbusiness.事关大家无人管。Everythingisreadyfortheexperiment.实验的一切都准备好了。Thisnewsmeanseverythingtous.这个消息对我们至关重要。复合不定代词用法大盘点复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括something,somebody,someone,anything,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,noone,everything,everybody,everyone等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。使用时注意以下几点：一、复合不定代词的指代对象1、含-body和-one的复合代词只用来指人，含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。如：Someone/Somebodyiscryinginthenextroom.有人在隔壁房间哭。Noone/Nobodyisstupid.没有谁是愚蠢的。2、含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如：Areyougoingtobuyanything?你会去买东西吗？Icanhearnothingbutyourvioce.我只听到了你的声音。二、复合不定代词的属格1、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有-’s属格形式。如：Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.大家的事情没人管。Isthisanybody’sseat?这儿有人坐吗？2、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时，-’s属格应加在else之后。如：Canyouremembersomeoneelse’sname?你还记得其他人的姓名吗？3、含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有-‘s属格形式。三、复合不定代词的数1、复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如：Iseveryoneheretoday?今天，大家都到齐了吗？Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.世上无难事，只怕有心人。2、当要对一群人讲话时，可使用以复合不定代词作主语的祈使句，句中的动词用原形。如：Nobodymove！=Don’anybodymove！都别动！Everyoneliedown!统统趴下！四、复合不定代词的替代问题由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，所以在正规的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式。1、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词，其代词应该是he/she,him/her,其-‘s属格形式的代词应该是his/her,his/hers。如：Everyonehashis/herownwords.每个人都有他（她）自己的说辞。但是，这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性，所以为了避免这种别扭的情况，我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口语中以及非正式场合下。如：Noonegaveyouaticket,didthey?没人给你票，是吗？Someonecamein,butIdidn’tknowwhotheywere.有人进来了，但我不知道是谁。2、含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词，不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性，因此我们就使用it。如：Somethinggoeswrong,doesn’tit?出问题了，是吗？18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功五、复合不定代词的定语复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。如：Canyoutellsomethinginteresting?你能讲些有趣的事情吗？Isthereanybodyimportanthere?这儿有大人物吗？Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?要来些吃的东西吗？六、含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即something和anything；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。1、something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：Hefoundsomethingstrangebutinteresting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。Do you have anything to say ？你有话要说吗？Ican’tmeet anybody  on the island.在岛上，我没遇见任何人。2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。如:Would you like something to eat？要些吃的东西吗？Isn’ttheresomethingwrongwithyou?难道你没问题吗？3、当anything表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：AnythingisOK.什么都行。Anybodyknowstheanswer.任何人都知道答案。七、复合不定代词的否定1、“notevery-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。例如：Noteverythingwillgowell.并非一切都会那么顺利。Theteacherdidn’tcalleveryone’sname.老师并没有点所有人的名。2、“notany-”和no-均表示全否定。例如：Helistened,butheardnothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。=Helistened,butdidn’thearanything.Youhaven’tcalledanyone/anybodyup,haveyou?你没给谁打过电话，是吗？=Youhavecallednoone/nobodyup,haveyou?八、复合不定代词作名词复合不定代词可以充当名词用，表示“……的事情（东西或人）”。1、someone/somebody,anyone/anybody的意义是“重要人物，大人物”，everyone/everybody意为“最重要的人”，noone/nobody则意指“无关紧要的人，小人物”。例如：2、something，anything的意义是“重要事情（东西）”，everything表示“最重要的事情（东西）”，nothing则指“毫无趣味的事情，无关紧要的东西”。九、合与分的区别问题1、someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介词of连用；someone，anyone，everyone则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。例如：Anyoneshouldbepolitetoeveryoneofthem.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。---Whichtoywouldyoulike?---AnyoneisOK.---你要那个玩具？---随便。2、noone（=nobody）“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用；none“没有一个”，既可以用来指人也可用来指物。例如：Noonecandoitbetter.没有人能做得更好。Noneofthesequestionsiseasy,andnoneofuscanevenansweranyoneofthem.这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用noone；回答howmany引导的特殊疑问句时用none。例如：---Whowaslate?---Noone.---谁迟到了？---谁也没有迟到。---Howmanypigsdoyoukeep?---None.---你养几头猪？---一头也没养。18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功不定代词专项练习1．Hecan'thearyou,becausethereis____noisehere　A．verymuch　B．toomuch　C．muchtoo　D．somany2．____nameisHanMeimai.　A．Herself　B．Hers　C．She　D．Her3．Allofuswereinvited,but____ofuscame　A．neither　B．none　C．both4．TheweatherinShanghaiisdifferentfrom____　A．Baotou　B．Baotouweather　C．thatinBaotou　D．thoseofBaotou5．Thereisn't____waterinthecup.　A．any　B．many　C．some　D．the6．----Isthis____pen?　----No,____isonmydesk.　A．your;my　B．yours;my　C．your;mine　D．yours;mine7．Thebottleisempty.Thereis____init.　A．anything　B．something　C．nothing8．----Look!Wehave____sugar.　----Really?Let'sgoandbuysome.　A．few　B．afew　C．little　D．alittle9．Thereisn't____milkinthefridge.You'dbetterbuysome.　A．no　B．any　C．some10．----“Thereisn't____waterhere.Couldyouget____forme?”　　----“Allringht.”　A．some;some　B．any;any　C．some;any　D．any;some11．Today,____treesarestillbeingcutdownsomewhereintheworld.　A．muchtoo　B．toomuch　C．manytoo　D．toomany12．TherearelotsofEnglishbookshere,and____ofthemiseasytounderstand.　A．both　B．all　C．every　D．each13．Istheshirtonthebed____?　A．yours　B．your　C．you14．MrGreentaught____Englishlastyear.　A．our　B．we　C．us15．Thesesweatersaretoosmallforme.Pleaseshowme____one.　A．other　B．others　C．theothers　D．another16．Marycan'tgowithus.____hastolookafter____motherathome.　A．She;his　B．She;her　C．He;her　D．He;His17．Thereisn't____paperinthebox.Willyougoandget____forme?　A．any;some　B．any;any　C．some;some　D．some;any18．Ioftenhelp____.　A．heorshe　B．hisandher　C．himandher　D．hisandhers19．Therearesometreeson____sideofthestreet.　A．both　B．all　C．either　D．every20．“Whichofthetwodictionariesdoyoulikebetter?”“Ilike____,becausethey'renotuseful.”　A．both　B．either　C．all　D．neither21．Theywereallverytired,but____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.　A．any　B．some　C．none　D．neither22．Therewere____peopleandnoiseintheparklastSunday.　A．many;much　B．much;much　C．much;many　D．many;many23．____ofthemhasadictionaryand____oneofthemcanlookupwordsinthedictionary.　A．Each;every　B．Every;each　C．Each;each　D．Every;every24．Pleasekeeptogether.Wewant____ofyoutogetlost.　A．none　B．some　C．many　D．any18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功25．Thereis____waterhere;buttherearequite____emptyglasses.　A．little;afew　B．few;little　C．few;afew　D．little;alittle26．Theskirtis____.Shemadeit____.　A．hers;herself　B．her;herself　C．herself;hers　D．herself;her27．“Haven'tyouforgotten____?”“____,oh,Iforgotmybag.”　A．anything;Excuseme　B．something;Excuseme　C．something;Pardon　D．everything;Pardon28．Bequiet!Ihave____totellyou.　A．importantanything　B．anythingimportant　C．importantsomething　D．somethingimportant29．Myfatherisverybusywithhiswork.Hehas____timetodothehousework.　A．little　B．few　C．alittle　D．afew30．----____oftheboysinClassFourareplayinggames.　　----____.　A．All　B．Each　C．Theboth　D．None31．Theboypromised____mothernevertolieto____again.　A．his;him　B．her;her　C．her;him　D．his;her32．“Wouldyoulikesomemilkinyourtea?”“Yes,just____.”　A．much　B．alittle　C．afew　D．little33．____schoolismuchlargerthan____.　A．Their;our　B．Their;ours　C．Theirs;ours　D．Theirs;our34．Putitdown,Richard.Youmustn'tread____letter.　A．anyone'selse's　B．anyone'selse　C．anyoneelse's　D．anyoneelse35．Hefound____veryinterestingtorideahorse.　A．this　B．that　C．it　D．which36．HanMeimei,whatabout____toeat?　A．everything　B．something　C．nothing　D．anything37．____officeismuchsmallerthan____.　A．Ours;yoursB．Our;yours　C．Theirs;our　D．Your;their38．“Help____tosomemeat,Mary,”myauntsaidtome.　A．themselves　B．ourselves　C．yourself　D．himself39．Therearetwentyteachersinthisgrade．Eightofthemarewomenteachersand____arementeachers.　A．theother　B．theothers　C．othersD．other40．Thoughtheyhadcleanedthefloor,therewasstill____wateronit.　A．little　B．alittle　C．few　D．afew18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功（五）形容词和副词I.形容词：形容词的位置：1)形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时nobodyabsent,everythingpossible2以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossible3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake4和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong5成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful6形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词代词所有格序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone3)复合形容词的构成：1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII.副词副词的分类：1时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently5频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never2地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above6疑问副词how,where,when,why3方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really7连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile4程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather8关系副词when,where,why18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功III.形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：级别比较程度表达方式和意义例句备注原级同等程度肯定形式as+原级+as(像……一样)Artisasinterestingasmusic.Playaswellasyoucan.否定形式not+so(as)+原级+as(不如……那样)Englishisnotsodifficultasscience.Shedoesnotthinkswimmingisasinterestingashiking.注意Idon’tthink否定前移句型比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比……)JimisolderthanLucy.Ilikeporkbetterthanbeef.比较级前面可以加much,far,even,still,alot,alittle,abit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越……）The+比较级，the+比较级（越……,越……）Heisgrowingtallerandtaller.Hestudiesbetterandbetter.Themorebooksshereads,thebettersheunderstand.最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The+最高级+of(in)(最……)Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.LinTaojumped(the)farthestofall.副词最高级前面的the往往省略注意：有些形容词，如dead,empty,round,sure,woolen等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。1.同级比较时常常用as…as…以及notso(as)…as…如：Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.2.可以修饰比较级的词有：much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,still,yet,byfar,any,agreatdeal。3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“themore…themore…”句型。如：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.5.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesthesizeofyours.6.表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite,excellent,extreme,perfect。18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功形容词副词练习题（）1.Itwas__________weatherthattheydecidedtogooutforapicnic.A.suchfineB.suchafineC.sofineD.sofinea（）2.Myparentswillgotherebytaxibecauseitisraining____________.A.badlyB.hardlyC.probablyD.heavily（）3.Danielisacarefuldriver,buthedrives_______ofmyfriends.A.morecarefullyB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully（）4.MrsKingkeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch________shewasgetting.A.heavyB.heavierC.theheavierD.theheaviest（）5.—Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchlastweekend?—Yes,Idid.Itwascovered________,andIthinkitwaswonderful.A.liveB.aliveClivingD.lively（）6.Thegirl'svoicesounds________.Maybeshecanbecomeagoodsingerwhenshegrowsup.A.sweetB.sweetlyC.beautifully（）7.—Howareyoutoday,Bob?—I'meven_______now.Idon'tthinkthemedicineisgoodforme.A.betterB.worseC.happierD.unluckier（）8.Billyhasallkindsofdifferentideas.Heis________tobeafamouswriter.A.enoughcreativeB.creativeenoughC.energeticenoughD.enoughenergetic（）9.Helenlearnstodancethreetimesaweek.Nowshedances________Anitadoes.A.sogoodasB.aswellasC.asgoodasD.sowellas（）10.Whenthefirebrokeout,manypeoplewereso________thattheyran________.A.frightening;wildB.frightened;wildC.frightened;wildlyD.frightening;wildly（）11.TheworkistoodifficultforMrZhutofinishinaweek.Heneeds________days.A.moretwoB.twomoreC.twoanotherD.anothermore（）12.IntheScienceMuseum,thechildrenfelt________toseesomany________things.A.surprised;amazedB.surprising;amazingCsurprising;amazedD.surprised;amazing（）13.Itwas______________musicthatIlostmyselfinit.A.suchabeautifulB.sobeautifulaC.sobeautifulD.suchbeautiful（）14.Be________.Makesurenottomakethesamespellingmistakenexttime.A.peacefulB.carefulC.helpfulD.thankful（）15.Whenanearthquakehappens,andyouareoutdoors,youshouldkeepcalmandgotoanopenareaas________aspossible.A.slowlyB.quietlyC.widelyD.quickly（）16.I'vegotnothingtodo.I'm______.A.boredB.interestedC.excitedD.frightened（）17.Shewas______welldressedthatsheattractedeveryone'sattentionattheparty.A.soB.quiteC.tooD.very（）18.Peterdrives________Amy,soitwilltakePetertimetogettothehotel.A.muchfasterthan;lessB.moreslowlythan;lessCasfastas;moreD.asslowlyas;more18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功（六）BE动词1.Be动词的形式：be现在过去单数is/amwas复数arewere分词beingbeenBe动词口诀：我用am,你用are,is用于他、她、它。单数用is,复数用are。指示代词作主语,This,that用is,These,those要用are。若是变为否定句,Not系动词后面加。若变一般疑问句,句首Am,Is,Are,句末问号莫忘加。回答一般疑问句,Yes,或No简回答。另外：我们还会碰到Be动词的动词不定式：tobe，接下来我们来练练手吧(光说不练假把式嘛)：Iamsorryformy______latetoday.Ihaven’t______lateforalongtime.Youmust______hereontimenexttime.Iexpectyou______apunctualperson.答案：Iamsorryformybeinglatetoday.Ihaven’tbeenlateforalongtime.(原句意思是“很抱歉我今天迟到了。我很长时间没迟到了。”所以这句话可别随便和你的老师说喔，不然老师一定会抽死你的。阴笑ing…)Youmustbehereontimenexttime.Iexpectyoutobeapunctualperson.2.Be动词的简写形式和否定形式：简写形式：be动词的否定形式：be动词否定形式的简写：Iam=>I’mIamnot…Iam…=> I’mnot…Youare=> You’reYouarenot…Youarenot…=> You'renot…=> youaren't… Sheis=> She’sSheisnot…Sheisnot…=> She'snot…=> sheisn't…注：如果be动词前有别的助动词的时候，要在be动词前面进行否定。换句话说当be动词是be,tobe,being,been的形式时，否定都是在前面加not。例如：Itwillnotbethateasy. Itcouldn’tbebetter. 3.Be动词的进阶：(1)时态：进行时 bedoing=> amisare/wasweredoing例句：Sheiswritingaletternow.Iwassleepingatthattime.(2) 语态bedone(可以和各种时态结合)例句：Iambadlypaid.Hewaskilledinanaccident.Heisappointedasthemanagerofthisdepartment.(3)词缀be-形容词：belovedadj.敬爱的,受到爱戴的belateda.迟来的benightedadj愚昧无知的，落后的动词：belittlevt.轻视，使渺小 bemoanvt.惋惜；为…叹息4.涉及的句型：(1)祈使句：18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功肯定：Bequiet,please. Becarefull.否定：Don’tbenervous.Don’tbelate.Don'tbetooserious.(2)Therebe结构：Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.Therearetwobooksandapenonthedesk.5.句子赏析Beyourself.I'llalwaysbethereforyou.Leaveherbe,sheobviouslydoesn’twanttotalkaboutit.Tobeornottobe，that’sthequestion.【总结】虽然be动词很短小，但却很强悍，在英语各大语法重点中都有它的身影，如时态，语态，虚拟语气，反义疑问句，强调句，定语从句，倒装等语法现象，所以大家要好好掌握它的用法。18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功（七）therebe用法总结Therebe结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型,表示"有",其确切含义是"存在"there作为引导词,本身没有意义,用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词,它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组,动词be和主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达"某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人"的时候常用"Therebe+名词+地点(时间)这一句型。例如:ThereisagreatItaliandeliacrossthestreet.Therearesomestudentsinthedormitory.一、Therebe结构中的主谓一致1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be应该取单数is;当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时,be用复数are。There'samanatthedoor.Thereissomeapplejuiceinthebottle.Therearesomestrangersinthestreet.2.如果Therebe后面是几个并列名词做主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。Thereisanashtrayandtwobottlesontheshelf.架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。Therearetwobottlesandanashtrayontheshelf.架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。二、Therebe结构中的时态1.Therebe句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。Thereisnoharmintrying.Therewerefabulouswildflowersinthehillslastspring.Therewillbeafinedaytomorrow.Therehavebeenseveralprivateschoolsinourareathisyear.2.Therebe句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。Theremaybeacigaretteinthatbox.Theremustbesomecakesonthetable.Thereusedtobeahospitaltherebeforethewar.3.Therebe句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用:begoingto、seemto、appearto、usedto、belikelyto、happento….Thereseemtobeafewtreesbetweenmeandthegreen.在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。Thereisgongtobeameetingtonight.Thereislikelytobeastorm.Therehappenedtobeabusnearby.Thereappearstohavebeenanastyaccident.4.therebe结构中除可以用be外,还可以用其它动词。例如:Therecameascentoflime-blossom.OnceuponatimetherelivedakinginChina.三、Therebe句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句1.Therebe句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be之后,如:Thereisn'taboxintheroom.Therearen'tanypensonthedesk.Therehasn'tbeenanyrainforaweek.Therewon'tbeameetingtoday.另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no,如:Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Therearenopicturesonthewall.Therewillbenooneathometomorrowmorning.Theremightbenomoneyleft。2.Therebe句型的一般疑问句是将be放在there之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。如:Isthereacakeonthetable?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn't.Willtherebeapartytonight?Yes,therewill./No,therewon'tHavetherebeenanylettersfromyourmotherlately?Yes,therehave./No,therehaven't.18\n百年树人做良心，徳智成林铸师魂百智林教育助您成功3.Therebe句型的特殊疑问句主要有howmany和howmuch做引导词两种情况:Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?Howmuchmoneyisthereinyourpocket?4.Therebe句型的反意疑问句Thereisacuponthetable,isn'tthere?Thereissomeorangeintheglass,isn'tthere?Therearealotoflettersinthemailbox,aren'tthere?Therewillbeanewhospitalnearby,won'tthere?四、Therebe结构的非谓语动词形式Therebe结构的非谓语动词形式是theretobe和therebeing两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。1.therebeing结构起名词的作用,直接位于句首作主语,通常用it作形式主语,并且用for引导。Therebeingabusstopnearmyhouseisagreatadvantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站,很是方便。Itisimpossiblefortheretobeanymore.不可能再有了。2.therebe结构作宾语时,通常用theretobe,常作这样一些词的宾语:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等。Iexpecttheretobenoargumentaboutthis.Ishouldprefertheretobenodiscussionofmyprivateaffairs.Peopledon'twanttheretobeanotherwar.另外,作介词宾语时,如果是介词for,只能用"theretobe"其它介词用"therebeing"Theteacherwaswaitingfortheretobecompletesilence.Ineverdreamedoftherebeinganygoodchanceforme.3.作状语的therebe形式,通常用"therebeing"结构。Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.因为没有其他事可做,我们就回家了。Theyclosedthedoor,therebeingnocustomers.因为没有顾客,他们的店关门了。五、Therebe结构和have的区别与联系1.区别点:therebe意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have表示所有关系,强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法。如:Therearesometreesinfrontofthehouse.房前有些树。TomhasmanyfriendsinChina.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。2.相同点:在表示结构上的含有时,既可以用therebe句型,也可以用have(has)来表示。如:中国有许多长河。TherearemanylongriversinChina.Chinahasmanylongrivers.三月份有多少天?HowmanydaysarethereinMarch?HowmanydayshasMarch?18