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  • 2022-09-08 发布

初中英语代词练习题及详解

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代詞課堂例題講解正誤辨析[誤]Tom'smotheristallerthanmy.[正]Tom'smotheristallerthanmine.[析]形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語,也就是講它可以作形容詞,如:mybook,而這句話的意思是:湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的物件是mymother,也就是mine。[誤]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.[正]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.[析]在應用代詞時,要注意人稱,格與數的一致性。這裡it所代替的是不可數名詞homework,所以應用it。[誤]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[析]這主要是英語習慣上的用法。當兩個以上的人稱代詞並列時其排列順序一般為you,he,she,I,而複數時為we,you,they:如男女並列時,應先男後女,如:Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思,承擔責任時,單數時用,I,he,she,you,複數時用They,you,we,如:TomandIaregoodfriends.You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.22\nI,heandyouhavetopayforit.[誤]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.[析]由either…or,neither…nor,or連接兩個主語時,如果兩主語是單數時,用單數代詞,如兩主語是複數時,用複數代詞,如:Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一單一複兩名詞時,一般將單數名詞放在前,複數名詞放在後,要用複數代詞,如:Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.[誤]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.[析]than是連詞,其後應視為省略句,thanheis.所以要注意區分其主格與賓格的用法。Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.[正]Ilikeyouasmuchasher.[析]as…as其後也應看作是省略句。應為asIlikeher.所以應用賓格。而第一句應譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語法都是對的但含義不同。[誤]Myselfdidityesterday.[正]Imyselfdidityesterday.[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.[析]反身代詞不可作主語,但可以用作主語的同位語。[誤]Takecareofourselves.22\n[正]Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)[析]祈始句的主語應看作第二人稱you.[誤]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.[析]反身代詞不能作介詞賓語,除非是由不及物動詞與介詞組成的動詞短語,如:Theoldwomanspoketoherself.[誤]Makeyourselfhome.[正]Makeyourselfathome.[析]這是英語中的習慣用法,意為“像在家裡一樣”。這樣的用法還有:enjoyoneself玩得開心makeyourselfathome像在家中一樣helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣[誤]— Who'sthisspeaking.— That'sMary.[正]— Who'sthatspeaking.— ThisisMary.[析]在電話用語中,this指講話人自己,而that指對方。[誤]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.[析]在比較句中往往為了避免重複,可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是單數時用that,複數時用those,如:TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.[誤]Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.22\n[正]Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.[正]Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.[析]在可數名詞單數時可用so+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞+that從句,也可用such+不定冠詞+形容詞+that從句。在不可數名詞或可數名詞複數時,只用such,如:ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little這4個詞前僅能用so,如:Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so與that之間僅存形容詞時,則不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.[誤]Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.[正]Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.[析]same與定冠詞the是固定搭配不可更改。這樣的用法還有allthesame(仍然)。[誤]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Idon'thopeso.[正]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Ihopenot.[析]在作肯定回答時,Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答時為:Idon'tthinkso.Ihope/believenot.[誤]— Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.[正]—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.[誤]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.[正]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.22\n[析]在對話中如果某一動作同時適用於兩個主語,這時在答語中要用縮寫且要用倒裝句。如第一組句,即studiedhard既適用於he,也適用於she.但答語僅僅是對前句的重複,即僅僅是第一句的縮寫時則不要用倒裝句。如第二組句子為:英語難學。答語為:是的,難學。這時縮寫的答語不要用倒裝句。[誤]Everyoneshoulddoone'sbest.[正]Everyoneshoulddohisbest.[析]one作代詞時,它的複數形式是ones,所有格形式是one's,反身代詞為oneself.如果講Oneshoulddoone'sbest.則是對句。如果one與別的片語成其他詞,如:someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone則要用his/her,來作其所有格形式。[誤]—Whowonthegame?—None.[正]—Whowonthegame?—Noone.[析]由who提問的句子的否定回答中的簡略說法是noone,而由Howmany提問的句子的否定回答中的簡略語是None.如:Howmanybooksarethere?None.[誤]Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.[正]Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.[正]Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.[析]either作代詞時由兩個含意,其一是兩者中隨便哪一個,如:Youcantakeeither.其二是兩者中的每一個。但要注意的是either22\n後要加單數名詞,如果作主語則謂語動詞也要用單數形式。[誤]EitheryouorIareright.[正]EitheryouorIamright.[析]在either…or,或neither…nor連接兩個主語時,其謂語動詞要與和其相近的那個主語相配。[誤]Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.[正]Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.[析]neither用於兩者中無一是,而none則用於多於兩者中的人或事物無一是。[誤]Hedoesn'tlikeBeijingopera.Idon'tliketoo.[正]Hedoesn'tlikeBeijingopera,Idon'tlikeeither.[析]either作為“也”講時,要用於否定句中,而too則用於肯定句中。[誤]Welikeboththislittleboy.[正]Webothlikethislittleboy.[析]both作同位語時,它在句中的位置有:在be動詞之後,如:Wearebothstudents.在實意動詞之前,如:Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用於第一助動詞之後,如:WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用時要注意以下句子的實際含意:Bothofusarenotright.應譯為:我們倆不都對。Neitherofusisright.才應譯為:我倆都不對。又如:Ican'tgiveyoubothofthebooks.意為:兩本書我不能全給你,而Ican'tgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才為:兩本書我全不能給你。22\n[誤]Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.[正]Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.[析]each作句子主語時其謂語動詞要用單數形式,如:EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell,但each作同位語時,則應以原名詞的數為准。[誤]Everyofushastopasstheexam.[正]Eachofushastopasstheexam.[析]every只可作形容詞,不可作代詞,而each既可作形容詞,又可作代詞,在作形容詞時each側重強調個體,而every則側重於全體。[誤]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.[正]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.[析]everyone不可與of結構相連接使用,而everyone則可以這樣用。[誤]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.[正]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.[析]要注意的是everyday是“每天”,而everyday則是形容詞為“日常的”。如:everydayEnglish日常英語,everydaylife日常生活。[誤]Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.[正]Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.[析]every用於三者或三者以上的每一個,而each用於二者或二者以上的每一個。因為街道只有兩側,所以只能用each而不能用every.[誤]Allmyparentsareengineers.[正]Bothmyparentsareengineers.22\n[析]all用於三者或三者以上的全部,而both則用於兩者的全部。[誤]Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.[正]Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.[正]Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.[析]非特指的名詞前可用all但不可用allof結構,也就是講allof結構後面的名詞前一定要有定冠詞。其他與all有關的習慣用法還有:alltheyearround,allweek,allday,allwinter[誤]Theallvillagewasflooded.[正]Allthevillagewasflooded.[析]all作修飾語時要用在所有修飾詞之前。[誤]Thepostofficeisonothersideofthestreet.[正]Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.[析]單數可數名詞如在泛指某一個時用another,而特指時則要用theother,因街道只有兩邊,而不在這邊必定是在另一邊,所以要用特指。請參考下表的用法以便於記憶。 單數複數泛指another形容詞作定語作名詞another代詞otherothers特指theother形容詞theother代詞theothertheothers22\n[誤]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheothersstudents?[正]Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers?[正]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents?[析]theothers=theotherstudents.[誤]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,anotherisadoctor.[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.[析]another用於泛指,如:Isitfarfromheretothestation?----I'msorry.Ihavenoidea.Onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指時則要用theother.它可以用作定語,theotherone,也可以用作代詞theother,但theother用作代詞時它的含意一定是單數。如果指三者或者三者以上的情況時,則要用one…another…theother.或者one…asecond…thethird…[誤]Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.[正]Somepeoplelikesports.Otherslikereading.[析]在泛指的複數名詞前用some…others…others…來表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。[誤]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseachotherday.[正]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.[析]everyotherday為每隔一天。是習慣用法,不要隨意改動。又如:ontheotherhand另一方面。[誤]Manyknowhim,butfewlikeshim.[正]Manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.22\n[析]few用於可數名詞,意為幾乎沒有,但few作主語時謂語動詞則要用複數形式,而afew為有一些。[誤]Youhavefewfriends,haven'tyou?[正]Youhavefewfriends,haveyou?[析]little與few用於句中時,均要按否定句看待。[誤]Muchofwhatyousaidaretrue.[正]Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.[析]much用於不可數名詞,作主語時用單數謂語動詞。而many用於可數名詞,它作主語時用複數形式的謂語動詞。[誤]Thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.[正]Thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.[析]enough可以用作代詞,如:Thereisenoughofthefood.又如:Enoughhasbeendoneforthework,但enough還可以作形容詞來修飾名詞,這時enough可以放在名詞之前,也可放在名詞之後,如:moneyenough與enoughmoney都是對的。但當enough作副詞修飾形容詞時,則只能置於形容詞之後了。[誤]Iwantanybookstoread.Doyouhaveany?[正]Iwantsomebookstoread.Doyouhaveany?[析]按照語法any用於疑問句和否定句,而some用於肯定句。[誤]Wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink?[正]Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?22\n[析]在由wouldyoulike發出的問句中,表達了說話者真心實意要為對方提供些飲料,或在說話者想得到對方的肯定答覆時,在疑問句中要用some而不用any。[誤]Someonewanttomeetyou.[正]Someonewantstomeetyou.[析]不定代詞應被看作單數,即使用and連接兩個不定代詞,也要看作單數,如:Anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人,每一個人都有這樣的權力。[誤]NewYorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.[正]ItismuchcolderinNewYorkinwinterthanbefore.[析]it常常用在英文的句子中來代表時間、距離、天氣、自然現象,或用在句中作形式主語或賓語,如:Itisteno'clocknow.(代時間)Itisfarfromheretotheairport.(代距離)Itisveryhot.(代天氣)ItisverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(作形式主語)Wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.(作形式賓語)[誤]Becareful.Don'tdrinktoomany.[正]Becareful.Don'tdrinktoomuch.[析]這裡much所代的應是飲料或水,所以應為不可數名詞。22\n代詞加強練習題1Theseare___books.Yoursareoverthere.AIBmyCmeDmine2—___isshe?—Sheisateacher.AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere3___iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped___.ASomething,workingBSomething,toworkCAnything,workingDAnything,towork4Mary,help___tothebananas,please.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves5—___doyougotoschooleveryday?—Bybus.AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere6Myskirtis___popularthan___.Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers22\n7—CanyouspeakEnglish?—Yes,butonly___.AfewBafewClittleDalittle8Mr. Smithisanoldfriendof___.AIBmeCmyDmine9“___doyouhearfromyourparents?”“Aboutonceamonth.”AHowlongBHowmanyCHowoftenDHowmuch10MrGreenwouldn'tsay___atthemeeting.AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething11“Mum,Ann'scomingtonight.Let'sgiveher___toeat.”“Goodidea!”AanythingniceBniceanythingCsomethingniceDnicesomething12—Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?—Idon'tmind.___timeisOK.ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth13Thisisnotherkite, but___.Ahe'sBhimCheDhis22\n14Don'tworry,Mum!___newsisgoodnews.I'msuredaddywillcomebacksoon.ANoBManyCThoseDTwo15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas___applesthanhe.AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer16Thereisn't___intoday'snewspaper.AanythinginterestingBsomethinginterestingCnothinginterestingDinterestinganything17September10this___Day?ATeacherBTeachersCTeacher'sDTeachers'18—InEngland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?—___ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.19—Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?—Sorry.Iwon't.Ihave___todothere.AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing20—Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?—___Sam___Bruce.Itwasthecat.22\nABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.___areclimbingthehill.AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother22Sheisnotanurse.I'mnot___.AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,___isblue.AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers24Sorry,Ican'tansweryourquestion.Iknow___aboutthesubject.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew25Mysisterdoesn'tlikeskating.___.ASodoIBSoIdon'tCNeitherIdon'tDNeitherdoI26Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,___.Ayou,heandIBI,youandheChe,IandyouDyou,Iandhe27Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgototheconcert.AmanyBlittleCafewDfew28Theteachergave___studentanewbook.AnobodyBbothCeachDany29Blackisneitherateacher___aworker.22\nAorBeitherCnorDand30Ourteachergaveus___onstudying.AmanyadvicesBsomeadvicesCanadviceDsomeadvice31Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.One___isfromJapan,isfromAmerica.AotherBothersCtheotherDtheothers32Arethere___onthetable?AsomecupsBanycupCsomecupDanycups33I'vejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,___areAmericanstamps.AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers34Itwas___finedaythattheywenttothepark.AasoBsoaCsuchaDasuch35Atthattimethetrainwasslowandnoisy.So___peoplelikedtakingtrains.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew36Wemusthelpandunderstandeach___.AotherBanotherCothersDtheother37___isdifficulttowalkonthemoon.AManBOneCThatDIt38Janehassentseveralletters,but___ofthemhavebeenanswered.22\nAallBbothCeitherDnone39Idon'tknow___aboutthenewheadmaster.AsomethingBeverythingCnothingDanything40___ofthestudentsinthewholeclasscoulddothisphysicsquestion.ANoBNoneCNotDNeither代詞練習答案1[答案]B.22\n[析]這裡應用形容詞性物主代詞。2[答案]A.[析]這裡的四個疑問詞放在問句中全都成立,但其意義不同。Whatisshe?應譯為“她的工作是什麼?”或“她是做什麼的?”而Howisshe?應譯為“她身體如何?”而Whoisshe?應譯為“她是誰?”其答語應為“她叫什麼名字。”而Whereisshe?應為“她在什麼地方?”由答語決定了這道題的選擇。3[答案]A.[析]因為是肯定句所以應用Something,其後由於表停止工作了,則stop後要用動名詞。4[答案]C.[析]helponeselftosomething為“自己拿某物”。yourself為“你一個人”,而yourselves為“你們”。5.[答案]A.[析]這題的答案是由問句決定的。6[答案]D.[析]因句中有than,所以應選用比較級,而than後要選用名詞性物主代詞。7[答案]D.[析]因會講某種語言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可數名詞對待,此答語為:是的,但僅僅會講一點。8[答案]D.22\n[析]這裡應選名詞性物主代詞,這也是英語的一種習慣用法,而不要選擇my。9[答案]C.[析]Howoften問的是某一動作發生的頻率,即在單位時間內發生多少次。10[答案]C.[析]在否定句中應用anything11[答案]C.[析]肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代詞的修飾詞應放其後而不要放在其前面。12[答案]C.[析]因如選用both則名詞要用複數名詞,也要用複數謂語動詞,由於答語前有Idon'tmind則決定不能選擇neither.13[答案]D.[析]要注意“他的”名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞是同形的。14[答案]A.[析]這是一條諺語,即沒有消息就是好消息。15[答案]C.[析]由於是比較級,根據題意應選“多於”而不是“少於”。16[答案]A.[析]由於句子是否定句,應選擇anything,而且不定代詞的修飾語應放在其後面。17[答案]D.22\n[析]教師節Teachers'Day,兒童節Children'sDay,婦女節Women'sDay18[答案]C.[析]在答語中用簡略方式表達上文的一個動作同樣適用于另一個主語時,則要採用倒裝句,但如果僅僅是對上句的重複則不要倒裝。19[答案]D.[析]這個答案的選擇應由上下兩句對話內容作出決定。20[答案]C.[析]neither…nor意為既不……也不……21[答案]A.[析]這裡因為是代替複數名詞,所以應用名詞性的複數代名詞。22[答案]B.[析]在否定句中該用either,而不用too和also.23[答案]A.[析]兩者中的另一個應為特指。而且應為單數形式的代名詞。而another是泛指單數代名詞。others是泛指複數代名詞,而theothers是特指複數代名詞。24[答案]A.[析]中文講我對此知道的不多,而英文中要用little。其含意為否定句。25[答案]D.[析]這是表達上面否定句中的動作,也同樣不適合於第二個人。所以要用neither,並要採用倒裝句。22\n26[答案]A.[析]這是若干人稱代詞並列時的順序問題。請參看辨析中的例子。27[答案]D.[析]student為可數名詞。28[答案]C.[析]both其後的名詞應為複數,而any用於疑問句和否定句中只有each可以修飾單數可數名詞。29[答案]C.[析]neither…nor為“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。30[答案]D.[析]advice為不可數名詞。some可用於可數或不可數名詞之前。31[答案]C.[析]因為是兩者中的一個,所以另一個應用單數特指代詞。32[答案]D.[析]此句是疑問句,應用anycups,因提問時的be動詞用的是are。33[答案]B.[析]此空應填入主語。又因其範圍已定,所以應選特指的代名詞。theother只能用作單數,而others是泛指複數代名詞,故只能選B。34[答案]C.[析]在單數可數名詞前可以有兩種表達法,即such+不定冠詞+形容詞+可數名詞單數形式,如:suchagoodday,或者用so加形容詞+不定冠詞+22\n可數名詞單數,如:sogoodaday.35[答案]C.[析]這是英文的表達法與中文不同之處。中文講只有少數人喜歡坐火車,英文要選用“few”。36[答案]A.[析]eachother意為“互相”,是習慣用語。37[答案]D.[析]這裡的真正主語應為不定式towalkonthemoon.而形式主語只能用it.38[答案]D.39[答案]D.40[答案]B.22

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