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实用文档初中英语语法--冠词及练习重点知识归纳及讲解(一)概说1.冠词是一种虚词,不能独立担任一个成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词:1)定冠词the2)不定冠词a/an定冠词the通常读作[ðə],在元音前读作[ði]。不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式,读作[ən];在其他情况下则使用a,读作[ə]。2.冠词的基本意义不定冠词a/an与数词one同源,表示“一个”的意思,用在可数名词单数前。例如:Sheisanurse.她是个护士。HeisanEnglishman,withanIrishwife.他是一位英国人,有一个爱尔兰妻子。定冠词the,与this同源,有“这(那)个”的意思,但比较弱,表示一(几)个特定的人或东西,有时可译作“这个(些)”或“那个(些)”。例如:That’sthebookyouwant.这就是你要的那本书。Who’stheyoungmanoverthere?那边那个年轻人是谁?但在很多情况下,“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。文案大全\n实用文档例如:Putitonthetable.把它放在桌上。Shutthedoor,please.请把门关上。3.特指和泛指一般来说,名词有特指和泛指两种情况,请比较下面的句子:Agentlemanisaskingtoseeyou.有位先生要求见你。(泛指)Askthegentlemantocomein.请那位先生进来。(特指)在特指时一般前面要加定冠词,而泛指时则有三种情况:1)在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。例如:Shesentmeapostcard她寄给我一张明信片。2)在可数名词复数前可不加冠词,可使用some,any这类词。例如:Thesearenewwords.这些是生词。Shesentmesomeflowers.她送给我一些花。3)在不可数名词前多不加什么,有时也可加some,any等。例如:It’slovelyweather.天气真好。Doyouwantanysugarinyourtea?你茶里要放点糖吗?Giveussomehelp.给我们一些帮助。(二)不定冠词的基本用法1.泛指某一类人或事物中的一个,代表某一类别(不一定译为“一”)例如:Hisfatherisadoctor.他父亲是医生。2.代表某一类人或事物,相当于any(+名词)(不必译为“一”,但必须用a,表示类别)例如:Ahorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。文案大全\n实用文档3.指某人或某物(不是指某一类),但不具体说明何人或何物(一般译为“一”)例如:Thisbookwaswrittenbyaworker.这本书是一位工人写的。4.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈(一般译为“一”)例如:Waitamoment.等一下。5.表示单位,相当于“每”的意思例如:Wehavethreemealsaday.我们每日吃三餐。6.用于某此固定词组中例如:afew,alittle,abit(of),alotof等。(三)定冠词的基本用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物例如:Givemethebook.把那本书给我。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物例如:Whereisthedoctor?医生在哪儿?3.再次提到上文提到过的人或事物例如:Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisathome.昨天我买了一本词典。词典在家里。4.用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物例如:Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.地球比月亮大,但比太阳小。文案大全\n实用文档5.用在序数词和形容词最高级前例如:MrWangteachesthefirstclass.王先生上第一节课。Ofallthestarsthesunisthenearesttotheearth.在所有的恒星中,太阳离地球最近。6.用在单数可数名词,表示某一类人或事物例如:Thehorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。7.与下列专有名词连用1)在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前例如:theChangjiangRiver,theGreatLake2)在姓氏的复数名词前,表示夫妇二人或全家人例如:TheGreensaresittingatthebreakfasttable.格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。8.和某些形容词连用,表示一类人例如:theold老人theyoung年轻人therich富人thepoor穷人thesick病人thedead死人9.在一些习惯说法中theeast(west,south,north)inthemorning(afternoon,evening)ontheleft(right)intheendgotothecinema(四)不用冠词的几种情况1.在专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前文案大全\n实用文档例如:HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你到过上海吗?Welovescience.我们爱好科学。2.在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前例如:Girlscanbescientists.女孩子可以当科学家。3.在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前例如:Itishotinsummer.夏天天气热。It’sTuesday,Augustthe22nd.今天是八月二十二日,星期三。Haveyouhadbreakfast?你吃过早饭没有?4.称呼语或表示头衔,职务的名词前例如:What’sthematterwithyou,Mike?怎么啦,迈克?Heisheadmasterofourschool.他是我们学校的校长。5.学科和球类运动的名称前例如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。Doyouliketoplayfootball?你喜欢踢足球吗?6.名词前已有用作定语的this,thatmy,your,some,any,no,whose,every,each等代词时,不用冠词例如:Thatisherbike那是她的自行车。Eachstudentinhisclassstudieshard.这个班的每个学生都努力学习。文案大全\n实用文档7.在某些固定词组的名词前例如:athome,atnight,afterschool,bybus,inbed,intown,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed等。I.在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词,不需要的地方用“/”表示:1.Thisis______oldmap.Itis______usefulmap.2.Wehavenoclassesin______afternoonon_______Saturday.3.______spaceshipfliesataboutelevenkilometers_______second.4.Beijingis______capitalof______China.Itis_______beautifulcity.5.Romanwasnotbuiltin______day.6.Chineseisquite______difficultlanguageforMike.7.Many______studentswilltake______activepartinsportsmeet.8.Thereis______interestingpictureon______wall.9.Jennyfound______walletlyingon______ground.______walletwasMr.Black’s.10.Whichis______biggest,______sun,______moon,or______earth?11.---Whichpictureismorebeautiful?---______oneon______left,Ithink.12.---Whichis_____wayto______hospital?---Godownthisroadandturnlefton______secondcrossing.13._______more,_______better.14._______Turnersaresittingatbreakfasttable.文案大全\n实用文档15.JoeHillwas_______fighterfor______workingclass.16.Whenwas______People’sRepublicofChinafounded?17.InChina______firstEnglishtextbookswerepublishedin_____latenineteenthcentury.18.After______breakfasthewentto______schoolon______foot.19.______HuangheRiverliesin______northofChina.20.Helikesplaying______football.Hissisterlikesplaying______piano.II.单项选择:1.上学A.gotoschoolB.gototheschoolC.gotoaschool2.住院A,inthehospitalB.inahospitalC.inhospital3.此刻A.atthemomentB.atamomentC.atmoment4.在课堂上A.inclassB.inaclassC.intheclass5.在地球上A.onearthB.onanearthC.ontheearth6.步行A.onfootB.onthefootC.onfeet7.吃饭A.atatableB.atthetableC.attable8.乘公共汽车A.takebusB.bybusC.bythebus9.在家A.atthehomeB.atahomeC.athome10.在工作A.atworkB.attheworkC.atworks11.跳高A.jumphighB.highjumpC.thehighjump12.坐飞机A.byairB.bytheairC.onair13.乘火车A.bythetrainB.bytrainC.ontrain文案大全\n实用文档14.在校学习A.intheschoolB.inschoolC.inschools15.睡觉A.gotobedB.gotothebedC.gotoabed16.感冒A.haveacoldB.havethecoldC.havecold17.乘船A.byshipB.onshipC.byaship18.玩得痛快A.havegoodtimesB.haveagoodtimeC.havegoodtimes19.事实上A.inthefactB.infactsC.infact21.从早到晚A.frommorningtotheeveningB.frommorningtoeveningC.fromamorningtoaneveningIII.选择填空:1.Thereis______oldwomaninthecar.A./B.theC.aD.an2.Shanghaiisin_______eastofChina.A./B.anC.theD.a3.Billis______Englishteacher.Helikesplaying______football.A.a,theB.an,theC.a,/D./,/4.Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalf_____hourtogothereby______bus.A.an,/B.an,aC.a,/D./,/5.Thestoryis______interesting.Thatmeansitis______interestingstory.文案大全\n实用文档A.an,theB.the,a.C./,anD./,a6.Let’sgofor______walk,shallwe?A.aB.anC.theD./7.Thisis______interestingstory-bookanditisalso______usefulone.A.a,aB.an,anC.an,aD.a,an8._______womanoverthereis______popularteacherinourschool.A.A,anB.The,aC.The,theD.A,the9.Theypassedourschool______daybeforeyesterday.A.anB.oneC.aD.the10.Australiais______English-speakingcountry.A.aB.anC.theD./11.Don’tplay______basketballhere.It’sdangerous.A.aB.anC./D.the12.Thisis______apple.It’s_______bigapple.A.an,aB.a,theC.a,anD.an,the13.---Haveyouseen______bag?Ileftitherejustnow.---Isit______oneonthechairnearthedoor?A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a14.Ihave______bluecoat.A.aB.anC.theD.some15.Thisis_____orange._______orangeisonthetable.A.a,TheB.an,TheC.an,AnD.the,An文案大全\n实用文档16.Haveyouhad______breakfast?A.aB.anC.theD./17.Hewonderedwhenthedoctorcouldfinish_____operation.A.aB.anC.theD.any18.After______supper,hestayedathomeandplayed______violin.A.the,theB./,theC./,aD./,/19.Thereis______appleontheplate.A.aB.anC.theD./20.Hesaidthathegot______“C”inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD./21.______newbridgehasbeenbuiltover______HuangpuRiver.A.The,aB.A,/C.A,theD.An,an22.Englishis_______usefullanguagein______world.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,theD.an,an23.Intheword“cariage”_______“r”islost.A.theB.anC.aD./24.Withthehelpofhisteacherhestudiedhardandgot______“A”inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD.one25.Ihavetwodogs.______blackoneistwoyearsoldand______yellowoneisthreeyearsold.A.A,aB.The,aC.The,theD.A.the文案大全\n实用文档26.LiDancanplay______pianoverywell.A./B.aC.anD.the27.What______interestingfilmitis!Ilike______filmverymuch.A.a,theB.a,aC.an,theD.The,/28.______tallmanoverthereisour______Englishteacher.A.A,theB.The,aC.A,anD.The,/冠词I.1.an,a2.the,/3.A,a4.the,/,a5.a6.a7./,an8.an,the9.a,the,The10.the,the,the,the11.The,the12.the,the,the13.The,the14.The15.a,the16.the17.the,the18./,/,/19.The,the20./,theII.1—5ACAAC6—10ACBCA11—15BABBA16—20AABCBIII.1—5DCDAC6—10ACBDB11—15CACAB16—20DCBBA21—25CBBBC26—28DCD文案大全