初中定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句讲解及练习 23页

初中定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句讲解初中定语从句讲解及练习定义：在复合句屮，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如1：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上而两句屮的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句屮担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句屮做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句屮充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体屮常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend・3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子屮做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时,相当于which□在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whom1sawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构來代替(3)theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired・(5)doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6)doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三、关系代词在定语从句屮做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.\n(1)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(2)we'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/thal/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(3)wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1•含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，女Q：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)thisisthewatchwhich/thatiamlookingfor.(t)(2)thisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking,(f)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；(1)themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend,(t)(2)themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend,(f)(3)theplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable,(t)(4)theplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable,(f)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3)therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.解答“介词+关系代词“类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.a.thatb.whoc.fromwhomd.towhom简析:本题定语从句屮的turn与介词to构成固定短语z，turntosb.forhelp(向某人求助)〃。所以，d是正确选项。定语从句练习1.Thebridgeabigshipcangohasbeenbuilt.A.underwhichB.underthatC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。基本常识：定语从句随意性关系引导词由搭配介词+which/whom构成，先行词指人用前者，先行词指事/物用后者。定语从句引导词的判断方法为将先行词想方设法放入从句，使从句成为一个完整且有先行词成分的陈述句。此句屮，先行词为thebridge;从句为abigshipcango,二者构成的完整句为Abigshipcangounderthebridge.因此，答案为A2.Thebookistornismine.A.thecoverofwhichB.thecoverofthatC.whichthecoverD.whosecoverof解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词以及所属关系引导词。此句中先行词为thebook,从句应为coveristorn,二者构成的完整句为thecoverofthebookistorn.因此随意性关系引导词结构为thecoverofwhich或所属关系引导词结构whosecover.因此，答案为A3.Hetalkedabouttheclassmatesandtheschoolhehadvisited.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.aboutwhich解析：考查先行词即指人乂指物的定语从句相同意思引导词。定语从句相同意思引导词基本要点，无论限定性还是非限定性定语从句的主宾表引导词均为相同意思引导词。限定性定语从句中，相同意思引导词有一般引导词who,whom,which以及通用引导词that.先行词指人，作从句主语用who,作从句定语或作从句中介词的宾语均用引导词whom,先行词指物，用引导词Which,限定性定语从句中，作相同意思的引导词均可以用lhat替代。此外，限\n定性定语从句中作宾语的引导词可以省略。非限定性定语从句中，相同意思引导词只能为一般引导词who/whoni/which,不能用通用引导词that.非限定性定语从句屮，前一完整句在从句中作主宾表成分时，也要看作是定语从句相同意思引导词，先行词指事物的情况,用引导词which.此句中，先行词为theclassmatesandtheschool,从句为hehadvisited,二者构成的完整句为Hehadvisitedtheclassmatesandtheschool.所以不难发现先行词在限定性定语从句屮作visited的宾语使用，先行词既指人又指物。因此，答案为B1.YouhaveseenthegirlsisterisaChineseteacher.A.whomB.ofwhomC.whoseD.ofwhich解析：考查定语从句所属关系引导词。此句先行词为thegirl,定语从句为sisterisaChineseteacher,二者构成的完整句为Thegirl'ssisterisaChineseteacher.先行词的's所有格构成的所屈关系结构在从句中作定语。因此，答案只能为C.定语从句固定关系引导词相关要点：先行词在定语从句屮除作从句主宾表成分以外的成分，均为相关意思引导词，其小包括固定关系引导词和随意性关系引导词。固定关系引导词只有when（吋间关系），where（地点关系）,why（先行词为thereason,原因关系）whose（所属关系，包括's所有格关系和of所有格关系，由whose修饰的名词成分前不能用冠词成分，whose应为名词的前置性定语成分）；随意性关系引导词为相关搭配介词+which/whom构成的引导词结构充当。2.Weshoulddoallisusefultopeople.A./B.thatC.itD.which解析：考查限定性定语从句中先行词为不定代词的相同意思引导词。此句中先行词汕为不定代词，从句为isusefultopeople,从句缺主语，二者构成的完整句为Allisusefultopeople.为了便丁•理解，All=A11thethings/everything.所以从句的完整句还"J以写成Everythingisusefultopeople;或Allthethingsareusefultopeople.因此,答案为B3.Wecametoaplacetheyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.towhich解析:考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。此句先行词为aplace,从句为theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore,二者构成的完整句为Theyhadneverpaidavisittotheplacebefore.因此，答案为D。此句的可转换概念进行相同意思引导词的考查，题干为Wecametoaplacetheyhadnevervisitedbefore.其答案可以为which/that/省略引导词。4.Thosefinisheddoingitputupyourhands.A.whohaveB.whohasC.whichhaveD.have解析：考查为指示代词在从句中作主语的指代分析以及引导词的数量。此句中，those为定语从句的先行词，相当于thosestudents/clerks,finisheddiongit为定语从句成分，从句缺主语以及谓语动词的完成时态助动词。主语指人，用一般引导词who,引导词数量与先行词一致为复数。因此，答案为A9.Themanwasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto解析：考查完整的定语从句。此句屮先行词在从句屮作介词宾语，先行词相同意思用引导词充当，先行词指人。因此，答案为A10.1wenttotheschoolmyfatheronceworked・A.thatB.whichC・whereD.onwhich解析：考查定语从句相关意思引导词。此句先彳亍词theschool,定语从句myfatheronceworked,二者构成的完整句o为Myfatheronceworkedintheschool,intheschool可以用固定关系引导词屮的地点关系引导词where表示，也可以用随意性关系引导词inwhich表示。因此，答案为C11.1shallneverforgetthoseyearsIlivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who\n解析：前一空考查定语从句相关意思引导词；后一空考查定语从句整句先行词相同意思引导词。前一定语从句的完整句为Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmersthoseyears.先行词在从句中作非主宾表成分，先行词与时间相关。后一定语从句的完整句在理解基础上白勺意思转换为Theexperiencehasagreateffectonmylife.Theexperience=Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmersthoseyearso所以为整句先行词在从句中作主语。因此，答案为12.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it解析：考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定语从句在意思理解基础上的完整句为Thisnaturalphenomenanwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Thisnaturalphenomenan=Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.因此，答案为B13.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,personallyIdoubtverymuch・A.itB.thatC.whenD.which解析：考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作宾语。非限定性定语从句的完整句为PersonlyIdoubtthattheworkwouldbedonebyOctoberverymuch.因此，答案为D14.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy・A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what解析：考查非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定语从句完整句为ItmadetheothersunhappythatDorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay.It=Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay.在从句屮构成形式主语与真实主语关系。因此，答案为B15.isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanpowerfulcountryin20or30years*time.A.That;advancingB・This;advancedC・As;advaneedD・It;advancing解析：前一空考查前置性非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语，后一空为与动作趋向相关的非谓语分词形容词在从句屮作前置性定语。非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语，只能用as引导，以职高方法理解，可以为固定表达结构的插入语来理解，asisknowntoall.与动作趋向相关的分词形容词，ing分词表示动作正在进行或动作即将产生，ed分词表示动作已经结束，此句中advancingcountry表示发展中国家，advancedcountry表示发达国家.因此，答案为C。16.ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It解析：考查前置性非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句屮作主语。为综上所述的固定表达结构。因此，答案为B17.isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What解析：固定表达结构或前置性非限定性定语从句引导词为As,答案为B18.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when解析：非限定性定语从句引导词考点，先行词为theexcitingmoment,将先行词放入从句为Forthefirsttimeintheyearstheirteamwontheworldcupatthemoment,先行词放入从句为介词短语作时间状语，相关意思引导词，固定关系引导词用时间关系引导词when,随意性关系引导词用atwhich.句中forthefirsttimeinyears为强词调结构。答案为D19.Haveyouseenthefilm"Titanic",leadingactorisworldfamous?A.itsB.it'sC.whoseD.which解析：非限定性定语从句引导词考点，先行词the\nfilm,放入从句为Theleadingactorofthefilmisworldfamous,先行词放入从句为of所有格作后置性定语，用相关意思引导词中的所属关系引导词。答案为C12.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,othervisitorsseldomgo.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when解析：非限定性定语从句考点，先彳亍词为someotherplaces,放入从句为othervisitorsseldomgototheseplaces,先行词在从句屮为相关意思引导词作地点状语，固定关系引导词用地点关系引导词where,随意性关系引导词用towhich.本人认为用随意性关系引导词最好。答案为C13.Thefamousbasketballstar,triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who解析：非限定性定语从句考点，先行词为thefamousbasketballstar,放入从句为thebasketballstartriedtomakeacomeback.先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指人。答案为D14.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,manypeoplehavegothome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime解析：非限定性定语从句，先行词5:30pm,放入从句为manypeoplehavegothomeuntil/by5:30pm°先行语相关意思在从句屮作时间状语，固定关系引导词when,随意性关系引导词untilwhich,bywhich.答案为D15.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose解析：非限定性定语从句，先行词theancientChinesevase,放入从句为TheancientChinesevasewasveryreasonable,,先行词在从句屮作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指物，引导词用which.或thepriceoftheChinesevasewasveryreasonable,先行词的of所有格在从句中作后置性定语，所属关系引导词结构用whoseprice,随意性关系引导词用thepriceofwhich,答案为D15.1shallneverforgetthoseyears1livedinthecountrywiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who解析：前一空为限定性定语从句引导词，后一空为非限定性定语从句，前一句先行词thoseyears,放入从句为Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmersthoseyears.先行词在从句屮作时问状语，相关意思引导词。固定关系引导词用when.后一空先行词为前一从句为整句先行词，可理解为那段时间的经历Theexperience,放入从句为theexperiencehasagreateffectonmylife.先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指事，非人即物。答案为B16.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析：限定性定语从句，先彳亍词thesmalltown放入从句为hegrew叩inthesmalltowmasachild.先行词短语结构在从句中作地点状语，相关意思引导词，固定关系引导词用where,随意性关系引导词用inwhicho答案为B17.ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomeIwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词thehours,放入从句为Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillageduringthehours.先行词短语结构在从句中作时间状语，固定关系引词用when,随意性关系引导词用duringwhich.答案为C18.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词为adangeroussituation,放入从句为Heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplaneinthatdangeroussituation.先行词短语结构在从句中作地点状语，固定关系引导词用where,随意性关系引导词用inwhich,随意性关系引导词最好。答案为A\n12.-DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?-Yes.IgaveittoherIsawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once解析：定语从句及状语从句综合性考点，若此处冇themoment时，themoment在主句中作时间状语,同时作定语从句的先行词。先行词放入从句为Isawheratthemoment.先行词短语结构在从句中作时间状语，引导词用固定关系引导词when,引导词不同省略。while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须为延续性动词或状态，see为瞬间动作。suddenly为吋间副词，作为连结副词时，采用插入连结方式，前后用逗号隔开；once引导的状语从句有时间状语从句意味，也不条件状语从句意味，可以用于此句的表达。答案为D13.Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained解析：限定性定语从句考点，先彳亍词为thereason,定语从句引导词为Why.29.1shallrememberthedaywemetfirst.A.thatB.whichA.whereD.when解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词theday,放入从句为Wemetfirstontheday.先行语短语结构在从句屮作时间状语，固定关系引导词用when,随意性关系引导词用onwhich.答案为D30.Canyoulendmethedictionarytheotherday?A.aboutthatyoutalkedB.ThatyoutalkedC.whichyoutalkedD.thatyoutalkedabout解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行语thedictionary,放入从句为youtalkedaboutthedictionaiytheotherday.先行词短语结构在从句屮作宾语，从句可用aboutwhichyoutalkdtheotherday或which/that/省略引导词youtalkedabouttheotherday.答案为D31.Thebookisn'tinthelibrary.A.whatIneedB.IneedC.thatIneeditD.whichIneedit解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词thebook放入从句为Ineedthebook.先行词在从句中作宾语，相同意思引导词，先行词指物，引导词可用which/that/省略引导词。答案为B32.Itwasraining,wasapity.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it解析：非限定性定语从句考点，先行词为前一主句构成整句先行词现象，可以理解为这种情况thissituation,放入从句为Thissituationwasapity,先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指事，非人即物。答案为B33.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,contributestohissuccessinlatterlifeA.asB.thereforeC.whichD.sothat解析：非限定性定语从句考点，先行词为前一主句构成整句先行词现象，可以理解为这一经历thisexperience放入从句为Thisexperiencecontributestohissuccessinhislatterlife.先彳j：词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指事，答案为C34.Thesizeoftheaudience,wehadexpected,waswelloveronethousand.A.whomB.whoC.asD.that解析：非限定性定语从句考点，先行语thesizeoftheaudience,放入从句为wehadexpectedthesizeoftheaudience,先行语在从句中作宾语。先行词指物，引导词可用which,espect可构成固定短语的插入语表示据佔计，asitwasexpected或asithasbeenexpected或assbhasexpected.答案为C35.OneofthemostbeautifulnaturalwondersintheUnitedStatesistheGrandCanyon,locatedinnorthwesternArizona.A.andB.whereC.isB.whichis解析：非限定性定语从句考点，先行词theGrandCanyon,放入从句为TheGrandCanyonislocatedinnorthwesternArizona.先行语在从句中作主语，先行语非人即物，答案为D。值得注意的是，locate为使动用法的及物动词，在做句子谓语时，要采用被动表达结构。36.Doyouknowtheworker?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalk\nCIoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk解析：限定性定语从句，先行词为theworker,放入从句为1oftentalkwiththeworker.先行词短语结构在从句中作宾语，定语从句表达可以为withwhomIoftentalk或whom/that/省略引导词Ioftentalkwith.答案为C30.Electriccurrentcanproduceheatwecanweldmetals.A.whichB.inwhichC.bymeansofwhichD.what解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行语heat放入从句为wecanweldmetalsbymeansofheat或wecanweldmetalsbytheheat.先行词短语结构在从句中作方式状语，相关意思引导词，没有固定关系引导词，随意性关系引导词用bymeansofwhich或bywhich.答案为C3&Heathasmanyeffects,wearefamiliarwiththrougheverydayexperience.A.mostofwhichB.inwhichC.thatD.that解析：非限定性定语从句引导词，先行词为manyeffects,放入从句为Wearefamiliarwiththeseeffectsthrougheverydayexperience.或wearefamiliarwithmostftheseefftctsthrougheveryexperience.按第一种情况分析，先行词在从句中作宾语，相同意思引导词，引导词只能为which;按第二种情况分析，先行语短语结构在从句中作宾语，相关意思引导词，没有固定关系引导词，只能用随意性关系引导词mostofwhich.答案为A39.Ultra-sonicsoundisisinaudibletohumanear.A.suchasB.thesameasC.whichD.that解析：be动词后的表语及其后从句考点，此句中若为表语从句表达时,从句少主语，引导词用连接代词补位应为what,理解时不合现实。用such作表语，其后由as引导定语从句，用thesame作表语，其后也应用as引导定语从句。其区别在于，suchas强调事物，thesameas强调其相似性。从现实角度分析，超音速的声音是人的耳朵屮不见的。因此，答案为A。此题是非职高考点。41.Dieselenginesaregenerallyusedforheavy-dutyworktheweightandsizeoftheenginearenotimportant.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that解析：限定性定语从句，先行词heavy-dutywork,放入从句为theweightandthesizeoftheenginearenotimportantduringthework.先行词短语纟吉构在从句中时间状语。引导词用固定关系引导词when或随意性关系引导词Duringwhich.42.Amagneticfieldmayberepresentedinmanneranelectricfield.A.such...asB.thesame...asC.such...thatD.thesame...which解析：such...as结构，或thesame....as结构，suchas强调事物，thesameas强调相似性。此题答案为B43.We'veallheardofThomasEdison,inventedtheelectriclightandmanyotherthings.A.themanwhoB.thatC.whichD.amanwho解析：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句综合型考点，非限定性定语从句先行语，ThomasEdison,放入从句为ThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclightandmanyotherthings,先行词在从句屮作主语，先彳亍词指人，只能用who。限定性定语从句，先行词为theman或aman,放入从句吋在从句中也作主语，先行词指人在从句中作主语，引导词可以用who/that.theman特指，强调只有他一个人，aman泛指，侧重于表示他只是其中之一。别的可以不说，就世界公认观点来看，发明电灯的只有爱迪生一人，因此，案为A宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，女山Iknowtheman.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，女口：I\n主句引导词从句宾语从句三大块：1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。I•宾语从句的引导词1•陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.老师说我是个好男孩。Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句：1・Iknow…2.Shesays...3.Tellyourfriend...(that)1.Thisisabook.2.Youlikesinging.3.Heworkedlastnight4.Theywillgohome・5.JimhasbeentoBeijing・6.Shesingswell.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用讦或whether引导，意为“是否女U：1(1)IsJimagoodstudent?Idon'tknowIdon^tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句：1.Doyouknow...2.1wanttoknow...3.Theteacherasks…if/whetherl.Ishereading?2.Doyougetupatsix?\n1.DoesTomworkhard?\n1.DidyouwatchTV?2.Willtheyreadbooks?3.Canyousing?注意：只能用whether不用if的三种情况一般情况下，if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether：①与ornot连用:HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.②在介词之后:Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings③在不定式Z前:Wehaven^tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idorftknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.3•如果宾语从句原來是特殊疑问句，只需用原來的疑问词引导。如:l.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:l.Doyouknow…2.1wanttoknow...3.Canyoutellme・・・1.Whatisthis?2.Whatareyoudoing?3.Wheredoyoulive?4.Whendoeshegetup?5.Howdidyougotowork?6.Whowillyouplaywith?II•宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑问句ifVwhether改为陈述语序Ican"rememberifIpostedtheletter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序HeaskedwhowasourEnglishteache匚\n注意事项：（一）当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：What'swrong?What，sthematter?What，shappening?eg:Idon，tknowwhat"sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?ni.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是时态。Idon'tthink（that）youareright.Pleasetelluswherewe'llgofishingtomorrow・DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992・HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.1）Ihopeitwillsnowthiswinter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案：Dhope后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that在句屮没有任何意义，可以省略。2）一Idon'tknowMr.Greenwillcometoseeus.\n-HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案：A从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因S3）1can"rememberIhaveseenhimbefore・A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how4）一Doyouknow一Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveC.whereMr.Lilives答案：A本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。?Fmgoingtoseehim.A.wheredidMr.LiliveD.whereMr.Lilived答案：C宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？雹5）一Wheredoyouthinkhethecomputer?一Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A./；boughtB.has；boughtB.did；buyD.does；buy答案：Adoyouthink是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。6）1caiftunderstandhelikescomputergamessomuch.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：c句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏雹7）（2010北京屮考大纲卷）一DoyouknowtheMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidforD.howmuchshewillpayfor答案：C宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由lastweek判断应该用过去时态。8）（2010北京屮考人纲卷）1don'tknowtomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestartedB.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart\n答案：C由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。状语从句状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中吋通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾吋可以不用逗号隔开。一、时间状语从句要点：时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：whenwhileasafterbeforeassoonassincetill/untilbythetime在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。1.when当。。。的吋候mozartstartedwritingmusicwhenhewasfouryearsold.（当）莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。2.while当。oo时hevisitedalotofplaceswhilehewastraveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。3.as在。。。的同时；一边。。。一边。。。hesmiledashestoodup.他一边站起來一边笑着。4.after在。。。之后helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomeworktheotherday.前儿天做完作业z后冋的家。5.before在。…之前\nmr.brownhadworkedinabankforayearbeforehecamehere.布朗先生來这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。1.assoonas—。。。就。。。webegantoworkassoonaswegotthere.我们一到那就开始工作。iwillwritetoyouassoonasigethome.我一到家就给你写信。2.since自。。。以来到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前（说话时间）为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。mrgreenhastaughtinthatschoolsincehecametochinathreeyearsago.自格林先生來中国以來，他就在这所学校教书。（还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：sincethreeyearsago（自三年前以来）表示。）8till/until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句屮作状语。theywalkedtill/untilitwasdark.他们一直走到天黑。xiaomingdidn'tleavehometill/untilhisfathercameback.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。\n9.bythetime至。。为止（所在句子的主句应用完成时）bythetimehegetsthere,hisfatherhasalreadygone.他到家的吋候，他爸爸已经走了。bythelimeigottoschool,theclasshadalreadybegan.我到校时，已经开始上课了。难点aswhenwhile的辨析aswhenwhile都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：表示“一边。。。一边”的意思as强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时用于发生时间较段时when1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作”之前*'或*'之后*'发生。2、when=andthen;atthatmoment（正在那个时候）while1用于时间较长时2、强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。litwasraininghardwhen（as）igotthere.我到那里时，正在下大雨。（动作同时发生，when可换为as,但不能换为while,因为get是点动词.）lwhenihadreadthearticle,hecalledme.\n我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。（从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when）lwhenigottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.（当）我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。（从句的动作发生在主句Z后，只能用when,并要注意时态）lhewasabouttoleave,whenthetelephonerang.他正要离开，忽然电话响了。（此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达“正在”“即将二while,as不能代替）考点Ishethoughtiwastalkingaboutherdaughter,while,infact,iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。（表转折，对比，when,as都不能代替它）考点lwhilethealienwasbuyingasouvenir,thegirlcalledthepolice.X外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。（表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间）考点lmotherwasworriedbecauseliulealicewasill,especiallyas(when/while)fatherwasaway.妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。（此时as,when,while「J通用）\n知识扩展1.itissince从。。。以来多长吋间了（因为since+从句或名词，表示一段吋间）itisfiveyearssincewemetlastlime.从我们上次见面已经五年了。2.itis+before...（o。。才）itwasalongtimebeforeiwenttosleepagain.过了很长时问我才睡着。itwasanhourbefore（=until）thepoliceaiTived.过了一个小时，警察才来。二、条件状语从句要点：表示状语从句由连词if,unless（=ifnot）引导。l.ifitdoesn'traintomonow,wewillgohiking.如果明天不下雨，我们就去远足.2.youwillgetgoodgradesifyoustudyhard.如果你努力学习，就会取得好成绩.3.iwillgotothepartyunlesshegoestheretoo.我不会去参加聚会的，除非他也去.（如果他不去，我也不去.）2.youwillbelateunlessyouleaveimmediately.如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=ifyoudon'tleaveimmediately,youwillbelate.)难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用，当主句是将來时的时候，从句要用一般现在时.\nlhewillnotleaveifitisn'tfinetomorrow.-般将来吋，一般现在时lthcyarcgoingtohaveapicnicifitdoesn'trainnextweek.一般将来时，一般现在时考点三、原因状语从句要点：由连词because,since,as引导,也可由for,nowthat等词引导1.1didn'tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseiwasill.我咋天没去上学，因为我生病了。2.sinceeverybodyishere,lefsbeginourmeeting.既然大家都来了，让我们开始开会吧.3.asyouareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotstayuplate.既然你身体不好，你就不该熬枚.4.1askedhertostaytotea,forihadsomethingtotellher.我请她留下来喝茶，因为我有事要告诉她..难点because,since,as,for,辨析在语气上，because最重，表示的是直接理由，回答why时只能用它.其次是since,as,一般不表示原因，而是表明理由，进一步说明.（译为：由于，既然）.for被认为是复合句的并列连词（常用于推断），表示理由.四、地点状语从句要点：由连词where和复合关系词wherever(=nomatterwhere)引导.知识扩展\nI.wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。(谚语)1.itwillbemixedschoolwherenotallthechildrenaredisabled.他将是一所混合式学校，那里的儿童并不都是残疾。(在限定性定语从句中对限先行词起限定作用。)2.whereveryougo,igotoo.无论你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=nomatterwhere)无论何处，多用于句首。3.whereverthereissmoke,thereisfire.无风不起浪。(谚语)4.whileshewaswonderingwheretogo,shemetapoliceman.疑问副词where后跟不定式，构成不定式短语.考点五、目的，结果状语从句要点：目的状语从句由连词that,sothat,so...that,inorderthat引导。结果状语从句由连词(so)that,so...that,such...that,somuch/many...that引导。1.so...that如此…以至于thescientist'sreportwassoinstructivethatwewereallveryexcited.科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。healwaysstudiedsohardthathemadegreatprogress.他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。2.sothat以至,以便\ni'llrunslowlysothatyoucancatchupwithme.（目白勺）我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。iopenedthewindowsothatfreshairmightcomein.（目白勺）我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。1.such...that如此。。。以至it'ssuchniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark.天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。4.inorderthat=sothat:为了weshallletyouknowthedetailssooninorderthatyoucan/maymakeyourarrangements.不久我们将会让你知道详情，以便你们能够做出安排。（目的）难点+形容词或副词+形+a（an）+单数可数名词so+many或few+复数可数名词+that+much或little+不可数名词Isothat,such...that都可以inorderthat两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句,当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can,could,may,might,will,would等次。(见例句2,5)\nIso+adj./adv.+that,such+n.+that以上两种句型都表示结果，其中so为副词，后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many,few；不可数名词前有much,little修饰时，应采用句型：somany(few,much,little)+n.osuch为形容词，后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数，单数，则必须在名词前敬爱冠词a(an).常见的形式是:sucha(beautiful)garden,such(nice)people.ltheweatherissonicethati，dliketotakeawalk.天气是如此只好，以至于我想去散散步.lmikeissohonestamanthatweallbelievehim.麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他(=mikeissuchanhonestmanthatweallbelievehim.)考点li'vehadsomanyfallsthati，mblackandblueallover.我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块.1therearesofewnotebooksthatican'tgiveyouany.笔记本太少了，我一本也给不了你.litissuchniceweatherthati，dliketotakeawalk.天气是如此只好，以至于我想去散散步.考点六、让步状语从句要点：表示让步的状语从句rh连词though,although引导.难点：Ithough,although当虽然讲,都不能和but连用.although,(though)...but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet(still)连用.所以thought(although)...yet(still)的格式是正确的.Iwrong:althoughheisrichbutheisnothappy.\nright:althoughheisrich,yetheisnothappy.虽然他很富有，然而他并不快乐.lright:althoughwehavegrownup,ourparentstreatusaschildren.right:althoughwehavegrownup,ourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.尽管我们已经反大了，可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.although,though辨析although不能though那样用作副词，放在句末表示强调时要用eventhough.lheislookingfit,though.但是，他看上去很健康.考点leventhoughididn'tunderaword,ikeptsmiling.尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。lheisquiteexperienced,heisyoung,though.尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。七、比较状语从句要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。原级1.as...as和。。。一样jackisastallasbob.捷克和汤姆一样高。2.notso(as)...as…和不一样sheisnotso(as)outgoingashersister.她不如她姐姐外向。比较级more...than(更)thisbookismoreinstructivethanthatone.这本书比那木书由教育意义。最高级\n1.themost...in/ofthisbookisthemostinterestingofthethree.这本书是三本屮最有趣的。2.the+形容词+est...of7inthisroadisthebusieststreetinourcity.这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。知识扩展Inomorethan只不过（嫌少的意思）ihavenomorethantwopens.我只有两支笔。it'snomorethanamiletotheshops.去商店不过一英里。Inotmorethan不如。。。；（前者不如后者）jackisnotmorediligentthanjohn.捷克不如约翰勤奋。loneofthe+名词（复数）….之一（用于最高级）hanmeiisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。