初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习 4页

初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后而。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词宥关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所冇格whose)等，失系副例包括where,when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作川，同吋又作定语从句的重耍成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之W有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如雀去，意思仍完整。网、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句屮作主语或宾语，作主语时不讨省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外褒是蓝色的。(that作宾语｝2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可宵略，作宾语可雀略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)Thefilm(which)wesawIastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)3.who,whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有吋吋用who代抒whom,也口J*省略。例如：EnglandThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfrom.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作±语)Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistaIkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who,that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前吋，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.消告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就足你耍找的那个人。(3>that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句屮动词的后面。例如:Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。(4)失系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最髙级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形荇词最髙级吋，只能用that，而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行則里同吋含冇人或物吋，只能HJthat，而不MJwhich.例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能淸趙记得我往那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。\nd.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？e.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.义子上那木是汤姆的。(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况:a.先行词为that，those时，用which,而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.弓I导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tomcameback,hichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法(1)when指吋间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。(3)why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如:NobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenIateforschool.没人知道他为什么.I:学总迟到。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于*'介词+which"结构，因此常常和”介词+which"结构交替使用，例如：BeijingThereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都存不得不屈服的时候。isthepiacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就处他拒绝我们帮助他的理由口六、判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的iR语动词。及物动词后而无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词:而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判断改错(错)ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.(对)Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.(错)IwilIneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.(对)I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与失系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在欠系例的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。.Isthismuseumyouvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone伊jIsthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheId.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：例1D，例2A例1变为15•定句：Thismuseumisyouvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为背定句：Thisisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只宥theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省•略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where,又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A,关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语吋，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）;先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状\n语，when吋间状语，why原因状语），【中考范例】（2004年哈尔滨中考试题）—Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees?…Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who【解析】答案：D。该题考査的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只冇who合适。2.（2004年常州市中考试题）TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只冇that合适。3.（2004年扬州市中考试题）QinghuaUniversity—Whereisthescientistgaveusthetalkyesterday?—Hehasgonebackto.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句屮作主语，所以只宥who合适。4.（2004年益阳市屮考试题）Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的足引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词足人，而关系代词乂在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。自我测试1.单项填空。1-Doyouknowthemanistalkingwithyourfather?•Yes，he'sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.IsthistheriverIcanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.ThisisthebesthotelinthecityIknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionarytheotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.AnyonewithwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlythingismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho7.ThemancoatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich.8.Thegirlisreadingunderthetreemysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was9.1loveplacesthepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who10.Theworldismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein11.—WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?…Oh!It'sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which12.1hatethepeopledon'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.whereCanadal3.Theforeignervisitedourschoolisfrom•A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom14.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which\n14.ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which15.Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when16.Themoonisaworldthereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why17.Hehasforgottenthedayhearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which18.Hestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich19.Mr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.Hegottothevillagehisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where22.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where23.ThisisthehouseourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where24.Hedidn'ttellmetheplacehewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where25.Helivedinasmallvillage,wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenII.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Thehouseweliveinisverybig.2.Theboyiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresenthegavemeformybirthday.4.Themantalkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworldcanfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring,isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactorymakestoysforchildren.9.Isthistheplaceyourfatheroncelived?10.TilneverforgetthedaysIjoinedtheLeague.11.Thefirstthingyoumustdoistohaveameal.12.April1stisthedayiscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.13.Thefamilyhadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.14.Thehouseweliveinisveryold.15.Didn’tyouseethemanItalkedwithjustnow?III.川关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3.BeijingHoteIisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.8.1enjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9.1preferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.10.1spoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.