初中--英语宾语从句用法讲解以与配套练习 9页

~初中英语宾语从句用法及配套练习(一).宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.(二).宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.(三).宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.~~~\n~3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.(四).直接引语与间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句联接。直接引语变间接引语：1、变人称（动词的变化可根据实际情况，可用say,tell,ask,beg等）①如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.②如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedtoKatehowhersisterwasthen.Hesaid,“Youaretooclever.”HesaidtomeIwastooclever.Hesaidhewastooclever.Heasked,“Isyourfatherolderthanyourmother?”Heaskedmeifmyfatherisolderthanmymother.③如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodstudent.”→Mr.SmithsaidJack(he)wasagoodboy.2、变时态主句时态为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化：一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,一般将来时变为过去将来时~~~\n~现在完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时变为过去完成时,过去完成时仍为过去完成时过去进行时仍为过去进行时某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：　　　直接引语　　　　　　　　　　　　　间接引语　　　today　　　　　　　　　　　　　　thatday　　　now　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　then,atthatmoment　　　yesterday　　　　　　　　　　　　thedaybefore　　　thedaybeforeyesterday　　　　　twodaysbefore　　　tomorrow　　　　　　　　　　thenextday/thefollowingday　　　thedayaftertomorrow　　　　　twodaysafter,/intwodays　　　nextweek/monthetc　　　　　　　thenextweek/monthetc　　　lastweek/monthetc　　　　　　　theweek/monthetc.before　　　here　　　　　　　　　　　　　　there　　　this　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that　　　these　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　those　　　come　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　go　　　bring　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　take以下情况时态不变主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时Hesays,“Icleanedtheroom.”→Hesayshecleanedtheroom.直接引语是客观真理Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”→ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语~~~\n~Jacksaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.⑤直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时态不变。Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.3、变状语时间状语变化：now变为then；yesterday变为thedaybefore;today变为thatday.Hesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语变化(尤其表示方向性的)：here变为thereHesaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”→HesaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词变化：this变为thatHesaid,“Thisbookismine.”→Hesaidthatbookwashis.4、变句型①陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“I’mveryglad.”→Hesaidthathewasveryglad.一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?”→Heaskedif(whether)Johncouldcomethatafternoon.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when等疑问句引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang?”→HesaidwhereMr.Wangwas.直接引语是祈使句变为tell（ask,order,beg等）sb.(not)todosth.句型“Openthedoor,please,”saidshe.(Marysaid)→Sheaskedhim(me)toopenthedoor.直接引语是let’s开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”Hesaid,“Let’sgotoseethemovies.”→Hesuggestedgoingtoseethemovies.→Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.~~~\n~宾语从句专项练习一、单项选择题1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid2.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis3.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping5.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend8.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?---Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what9.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________?---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostofficeC.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice~~~\n~10.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere?A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit11.Hewantedtoknow___________.A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstartC.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld12.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden?---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit13.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,Mr.Wang?A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat14.Youcan’timagine_________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited15.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether16.---Couldyoutellme____________?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeetingC.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting17.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing18.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________.A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted~~~\n~19.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif________theirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad20.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when二、根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。LiMingsays____________________interestedinplayingcomputergames.2.我认为玛丽不回来了。Idon’tthinkMary__________________.3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。Samtoldmethathe____________________forShanghai.4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？Couldyoutellme__________IcangettotheBellTower?5.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。Fathersaidthathe______________________anewcomputer..6.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。Iwanttoknow____________thereisatraintoBeijing.7.你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？Doyouknow___________________adoubleroom_________?8.请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？Couldyoutellme____________we’regoingtobeaway?9.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Unclesaidthathe___________________anewnovel.10.杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jacksaidhe__________somethingimportanttodo.直接引语与间接引语练习请将下面的直接引语变成间接引语：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat_________never_________meat.~~~\n~2.“Ihavefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He_________methathe___________________________wallet.3.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun_________intheeastand_________downinthewest.4.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI_________togo_________beforefive.5.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere6.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked_________________knewwhereshe_________.7.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He_________thechildren__________________makingsomuchnoise.8.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme____________________________himthenews.9.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.He__________________Iwasinterestedin_________.10.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat____________________________ithomewith________.11.“Imetheryesterday.”Hesaidtome.He_________methathe_________met________________________.12.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe__________boughtthehouse10years__________.13.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother.”Heaskedhermother___________________________foundit.14.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme______________________________been__________days.~~~\n~宾语从句练习答案一.1.C2.D3.B4.B5.C6.D7.C8.C9.A10.C11.B12.B13.C14.B15.D16.D17.A18.A19.C20.A二.1.heis2.willcome3.wasleaving4.how5.hadbought6.if(whether)7.howmuch8.howlong9.waswriting10.had~~~