初中英语被动语态讲解与练习 9页

初中被动语态语法讲解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态，列表如下：一般现在时：am/is/are+done一般过去时：was/were+done一般将来时：shall/will+bedone一般过去将来时：should/would+bedone现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done过去进行时：was/were+being+done现在完成时：have/has+been+done过去完成时：had+been+done将来完成时：shall/will+havebeen+done过去将来完成时：should/would+havebeen+done［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般过去时：(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten3.一般将来时：(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4.过去将来时：9\n(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.现在进行时：(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.过去进行时：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7.现在完成时：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.8.过去完成时：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2)Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.(五)被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法9\n（1）Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地名词作状语。(七)语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+介词，如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。(1)Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.(2)Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。9\n(1)Hisrequestwasturneddown.(2)Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.误：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7.以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?误：Whowasthestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?8.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被动句)9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.9\n误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：(1)Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.(2)Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.10.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说……Itissaidthat…据报导……Itisreportedthat…据推测……Itissupposedthat…希望……Itishopedthat…众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…普遍认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建议……Itissuggestedthat…(1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.(2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.9\n初中被动语态练习题()1.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2.English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6.Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12.Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13.Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14.Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15.-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16.___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17.___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18.Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19.Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20.Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21.Theflowers___often.9\nA.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23.Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemend()24.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25.Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()26.Theoldstonebridge___nextweekA.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27.Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28.Thepot___for___hotwaterA.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29.Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30.Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()31.Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweatherA.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung()32.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33.Theteapot___waterA.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()34.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35.Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()36.Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()37.Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()38.Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()39.Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()40.Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shownD.haveshown()41.Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto()42.I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()43.Goodcare____suchthings.9\nA.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()44.Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou()45.Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()46.Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47.Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48.Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()49.Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()50.Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had()51.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()52.Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()53.Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()54.Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell()55.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()56.Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()57.Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close()58.Canhe___himself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()59.Hefellfromhisbikeand___.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt()60.Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn()61.Theapple___verysweet.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting()62.You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat()63.Whatyousaid___.likeagoodidea.A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded()64.-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing()65.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned()66.Thebookisworth___.A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read9\n参考答案：1.1-5BDDDC　　2.1-6BCBBCA　3.1-3ABB　4.1-3ABA　5.1-3BDB6.1-3BAD7.1-3ABA8.1-5DBBCD9.1-4BADD10.1-3BBA11.1-3BAC12.1-3DDB13.1-3BAA14.1-4BCB15.1-4BDAC16.1-3ABC17.1-3BCD18.1-3CCD19.1-3ACB9