初中英语语法--名词专题(含练习) 10页

名词（一）一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。二、名词的分类：1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。a.人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy,Shanghai,Chinab.组织、团体、机构等例如:theUnitedNationsc.语言、星期、月份等例如：English,Friday,March(注意介词in/on/at的用法)注意：国家与人的对应China-----ChineseAmerica----American(s)Australia----Australian(s)Canada----Canadian(s)Japan----JapaneseGermany----German(s)France----Frenchman(Frenchmen)GB----Englishman(Englishmen)2．普通名词：（1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow,air,water,rice,paper,work,news(新闻)，food,rain,weather,juice,milk,meat,money，English,fruit,information…不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说onebread，但是可以说onepieceofbread和twopiecesofbread。只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：little很少的（表示否定）；alittle一些（表示肯定），much（许多），howmuch（多少），abitof（一些）既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句),any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）alotof(许多),lotsof(许多)★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of例如：apieceofnewsacupofteaapieceofbreadtwopiecesofnewstwocupsofteatwopiecesofbread注意：abagofapplesotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n（2）可数名词：可以直接以数字计算的名词。如onebook、twopens。可数名词有数的变化，即每个名词都有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词可以用两种方式表示具体数量：1、直接在其前加数词；2、在其前加of短语（of+可以用作计量的名词）。如：oneegg,twoeggs;onebasketofeggs,twobasketsofeggs★名词复数的构成：a.一般情况下，直接在词尾加s;例如：book---booksgirl---girlsdesk---desksb.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，在词尾加es；例如：box---boxesbus---buseswatch---watchesfish---fishesc.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加es;例如：city---citiesfamily---families以元音字母（a,e,i,o,u）+y结尾的，直接加s;例如：boy---boysday---dayskey---keysd.以f或fe结尾的，变f或fe为v加es;例如：knife---kniveslife---liveswife---wiveshalf---halves但roof,scarf后直接加se.以o结尾的，有生命的(或以辅音字母加o结尾的)加es,没生命的（或以元音字母加o结尾的）加s;例如：radio---radiosNegro---Negroestomato---tomatoespotato---potatoeszoo---zoospiano---pianosphoto---photos但hippo后直接加s以下名词特别容易出错，请注意：stomach胃—stomachs,roof屋顶—roofs,reef暗礁—reefs,belief信仰—beliefs，handkerchief手帕—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves★Man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,child-children,fish-fish/fishes,sheep-sheep,ox-oxen（公牛）,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,mouse-micepoliceman-policemen等注：German(德国人)–Germans只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：few很少的（表示否定），afew一些（表示肯定），many（许多），howmany（多少），anumberof(许多的),several几个课堂练习：otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n一、写出下列名词的复数形式：1.egg_____________2.watch_____________3.story______________4.knife_____________5.radio___________6.tomato_____________7.desk_____________8.glass_____________9.child_______________10.sheep____________11.Chinese__________12.pencil-box___________13.wife___________14.family________15.city____________16.dress___________17.Englishman___________18.match___________19.exam___________20.German__________21.potato__________22..juice__________23.water________24.holiday________25.paper_______26.factory______27.thief_________28.bus________29.class________30.glass______31.wife32.baby33.policeman34.brush二、单项选择1.Pleasepassme_____.A.twoglassofwater   B.twoglassesofwaters  C.twoglassesofwater   D.twoglasswater2.Theygotmuch____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideas   B.photos   C.information   D.stories3.Hehadsomethingtowritedownandaskedmefor______.A.apaperB.somepapers C.somepiecesofpapers D.apieceofpaper4.Some______areflyingkitesneartheriver.A.child  B.boy   C.boys    D.childs5.I’dlikesomewater,buthewants_______.A.twobottleorange  B.twobottlesoforange C.twobottlesoforangesD.twobottlesoforanges6.Lookatthe_______.Youcansee______________and________.A.photos;potatoes,tomatoes,radioes  B.photoes;potatoes,tomatoes,radiosC.photos;potatoes,tomatoes,radios  D.photos;potatos,tomatos,radioes 7.Cuttheappleinto________.A.halfs  B.halves  C.half8.Mr.Linoftengivesus__________bye-mail.A.somegoodinformation B.somegoodinformations C.goodinformations   D.agoodotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\ninformation9.Thereare_____inthefields.They’reeatinggrass.A.ahorse    B.muchhorses    C.manyhorse    D.manyhorses10.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_______,please?A.somebread B.somewater C.somecakes  D.someeggs11.---HowgreatDalianRadioandTVcenterlooks!---Yes.That’soneofthegreatest________inDalian.A.building B.build C.buildings D.builds12.Howmany______hastheoldfarmergot?A.field   B.sheep    C.mutton    D.cow13.Theguidehassomenew_______.Shecanshowthemtous. A.rice  B.food   C.jacket   D.pictures14.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---__________,please.A.Twocupofcoffee   B.Twocupsofcoffees   C.Twocupsofcoffee    D.Twocupofcoffees15.The_______aregoingtoflytoBeijing.A.Germen  B.Germany    C.Germanys  D.Germans16.The_______hastwo___________.A.boys,watches  B.boy,watch  C.boy,watches  D.boys,watch17.Theboyalwaysstaystherefor__________.A.oneandhalfhour  B.oneandahalfhour  C.oneandhalfhours     D.oneandahalfhours18.---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem_________?---Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwater C.somebottleofwater D.somebottleofwaters19.Don’tyouthinkDalianisoneofthemostbeautiful________inChina?A.cities   B.city    C.place     D.townsup 20.---WhatcanIdoforyou?---I’mlookingfor__________.A.apairofshoes      B.apairofT-shirt    C.twopairsofhat   D.twopairoftrousers21.Twelve_______werehurt,butno_________werelostinthataccident.A.person;life    B.people;lives  C.peoples;lives   D.persons;otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\nlife22.Thereare________onthetable.A.aglassofwater  B.aglassofmilk    C.twoglassesofwater     D.aglassoforange23.Therearefew_______inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetables   B.fruit    C.meat   D.eggs24.Mr.Smithalwayshas________totellus.A.somegoodpiecesofnews B.somepiecesofgoodnews C.somegoodpieceofnews  D.somepieceofgoodnews25.Thereisalotof________inthebox.A.cake B.bagsofcakes C.milk  D.bagsofmilk课后作业：一、英汉互译1.一片面包2.一瓶牛奶3.一箱苹果4.一碗汤5.一条消息6.四杯桔子汁7.五包糖果8.两公斤牛肉9.十一名美国人10.六名女学生二、用所给名词的正确形式填空。1.Ihavetwo(knife).2.Therearemany(box)here.3.IgotalotofChristmas(card).4.Thereisapairof(glass)onthetable.5.Thereareafew(people)intheplayground.6.Howmany(ship)canyouseeinthepicture?7.Mikehasseven(friend).8.Afew(boy)aredrawingonthewall.9.Hehassomeinteresting(book).otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n10.The(child)areplayingfootballnow.三、单项选择1.Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbread C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads2.Iwouldliketohave_______.A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks3.Canyougiveme____?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea4.Pleasegiveme________paper. A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof5.Johnbought_________forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoe C.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes 6.Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom 7.Therearesixty-seven___inourschool.A.women'steacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher8. We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. Potatos9.Agroupof____aretalkingwithtwo___overthere.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;FrenchmenD.Germans;Frenchmans11.LucyandIgotoschool_____everyday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfootsD.bybuses12.–Arethose_____?-No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows13.Sheisthetallestofinthefamily.A.anysisterB.allthesistersC.allhersistersD.anyothersisters14.Theydon’thavetodotoday.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\nA.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks15.TheChinesepeopleenjoyhappynow.A.lifeB.lifesC.alifeD.lives名词（二）重点：名词所有格在英语中，有些名词的词尾可以加上’s,用来表示所属关系，这种结构称为名词的所有格。1.单数名词变所有格，只需在词尾加’s.Eg.theboy’sschoolbagtheworker’sshoes1.复数名词的词尾已有s,只需加’即可。Eg.theteachers’officethestudents’pens3.若复数名词词尾无s,则应加’s.Eg.Women’sDaythePeople’sPark4.无生命的词的所有格一般可用of加名词这一结构来表示。Eg.thenameofthemuseumthecenterofthecity5.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名词前加’s，若表示各自所有，则每个名词后都要加’s.Eg.JimandTom’sbedroom(吉姆和汤姆的卧室)（两人共有）Jim’sandTom’sbedrooms(吉姆和汤姆的卧室)（两人各自所有）课堂练习：一、用’s或of填空。1.mymotherbag2.Tomfriend3.thedoorourroom4.postmenbags5.theteachersdesk6.abookmyfather’s二、汉译英otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n1.露西的书2.学生们的鞋子3.李明的猫4.母亲的裙子5.这个公园的花6.我们教室的墙三、用所给名词的正确形式填空。1.Thisis(May)book.2.My(brothers)toycarsareverybeautiful.3.Heisafriendofmy(mother).4.That’s(KenandBill)newbedroom.5.---Whosearetheselunchbox?---Theyare(Ben).6.(Pat)bagisverypretty.（Bob）isverypretty,too.7.Thesebooksaremy(friend).8.TomorrowisJune1st.It’s(children)Day.四、单项选择1.Thisisnotyourradio,but.A.yoursbrotherB.yourbrother’sC.youbrother’sD.yoursbrothers2.September10thisDay.A.TeacherB.TeachersC.Teachers’D.Teachers’s3.Janeissister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.Mary’sandJackD.MaryandJack’s4.Iwillgiveyoutofinishit.A.twoweek’stimeB.twoweektimeC.twoweeks’timeD.twoweekstime5.MissSmithisafriendof.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary6.March8thisDay.A.WomanB.WomenC.Women’sD.Woman’sotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n7.Marywenttolastnight.A.thehouseofherfatherB.hersfather’shouseC.thehouse’sherfatherD.herfather’shouse8.Therearesheepinthisplace.A.alotB.lotC.muchD.many9.It’saboutwalkfromthisshoptothenearestbusstop.A.threeminutes’B.threeminuteC.threeminute’sD.threeminutes’s10.Thedoctorwasveryhappy.Hemademistakesintheexam.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew课后练习：一、用’s或of填空。1.thedesksourclassroom2.mybtothercomputer3.windowstheoffice4.thestudentsGradefour5.thedriverscars6.todaynewspaper7.Lindablouse8.thedoctorscoats二、汉译英。1.六个月的假期2.Lily和Lucy的单车3.老师们的包4.女孩们的裙子5.孩子们的牛奶6.林涛的衣服7.她姐姐的照片8.这些男士的夹克三、将下面的句子填写完整。1.（李明的父母）workinabighospital.2.(小女孩的狗)isunderthetree.3.Thatbigbedis(Mike和Jack的).4.(母亲的鞋子)areallblack.5.(教室的窗户)arenotbig.6.(Peter和Sue各自的老师)arenotintheoffice.7.(他的猫的名字)isMiao.8.Thisis(我妹妹的英语书).otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9\n9.(王平和王明的父亲)isahotelmanager.10.Isthis(你的好朋友的笔)?四、用be动词的适当形式填空。1.Thereadeskandthreechairshere.2.Halfoftheinformationlostyesterday.3.Hethinksmathsverydifficult.4.Look,theresomuchwaterhere!5.thereanypeopleintheroomlastnight?6.TomandMike’sbedroomverysmall.7.AllthestudentsknowParisthecapitalofFrance.8.Thebooksofhisuncle’sabitexpensive.9.Tom’sgrandparentsteachers.10.ThetrousersonthechairMrBrown’s.11.Thispairofglassestoobigforme.12.Thatbeautifulclothesmysister’s.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand9