初中英语动词时态讲解及练习111 14页

16种英语时态总结归纳时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。1.一般现在时用法：A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B)习惯用语。C)经常性、习惯性动作。例：Healwayshelpsothers.D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例：Thenexttrainleavesat3o'clockthisafternoon.Howoftendoesthisshuttlebusrun?F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。例：Whenyouhavefinishedthereport,Iwillhavewaitedforabout3hours.2.现在进行时(bedoing)用法：现在正在进行的动作。3.现在完成时(havedone)用法：A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。例：Iboughtanewhouse,butI_________myoldoneyet,soatthemomentIhavetwohouses.A)didn'tsellB)soldC)haven'tsoldD)wouldsellB)表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。例：GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas___________todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.A)aretochallengeC)havebeenchallengedB)maybechallengedD)arechallengingC)表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive,begin,find,give,lose等。例：Johnhasbrokenhisleftleg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）注意事项A)现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。例：Heworkedinthathospitalfor8years.Hehasworkedinthathospitalfor8years.B)因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。例：Mysisterhasbeenmarriedfor5years.Mysisterhasmarried.Don'tdisturbher.（终端动词）C)在"thisisthefirst/second/third……timethat……"句型里要求用完成时。例：ThisisthesecondtimethattheproductsofourcompanyhavebeenshownintheInternationalExhibition.D)句型"Itis/hasbeen……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。例：Itis/hasbeen10yearssinceIlastsawhim.E)在"nosoonerthan"、"hardly/scarcely……when"、"before"、"priorto"等句型中，主句要求完成时。\n例：Ihaven'tmetthatprofessorpriortotoday.4.现在完成进行时(havebeendoing)用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。例：Wehavebeenworkingonthisprojectforoveramonthnow.注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。例：1997年6月四级第45题Itseemsoil___________fromthispipeforsometime.We'llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.A)hadleakedB)isleakingC)leakedD)hasbeenleaking5.一般过去时用法：A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。B)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/usedtodo表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。例：Theoldmanwouldsitonabenchinthequietparkandlookatothersforhourswithoutdoinganythingortalkingtoanybody.Heusedtovisithismotheronceaweek.C)有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。例：IwantedtoaskyouifIcouldborrowyourcar?Wouldyoumindmysittinghere?注意事项：A)注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday,lastmonth,in1999,twodaysago等，绝对不可与recently,inthepast10years,thismonth等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。B)usedtodo的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：usednottodo,didn'tusedtodo,didn'tusetodo都对。Usedtodo经常与beusedtodoingsth/sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经"，要求加动词原形；后者表示"习惯于"，要求加名词或动名词。6.过去完成时(haddone)用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。Untilthen,hisfamily_________fromhimforsixmonths.A)didn'thearC)hasn'theardB)hasn'tbeenhearingD)hadn'theard例：Therehadbeensomeoneinourroomjustnow,becauseInoticedaburningcigaretteendonthefloorwhenweopenedthefrontdoor.分析：虽然时间状语是justnow，似乎应该使用一般过去时，但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的，所以应该用过去完成时。7.过去将来时(would/shoulddo)用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。例：IsaidonThursdayIshouldseemyfriendthenextday.注意事项：由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的，所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。8.过去进行时(was/weredoing)用法：A)表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。例：Marywaslisteningtolightmusic10minutesago.B)如果when,while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。例：Iwaswashingmyhairwhenyouknockedatthefrontdoor.\n注意事项：其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。●过去进行时用法五大注意事项一、注意过去进行的基本用法过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。如：Hefellasleepwhenhewasreading.Wewereexpectingyouyesterday.HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying.二、注意过去进行时表示现在的用法用过去进行时表示现在，主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。如：Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift.Wewerehopingyouwouldstaywithus.Howmuchdidyouwanttospend,sir?注：一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。三、注意过去进行时表示感情的色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情的色彩，也通常与always,forever,continually等副词连用。如：Theywerealwaysquarrelling.Theboywascontinuallyaskingquestions.四、注意动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。比较：Hewasfriendly.Hewasbeingfriendly.五、注意过去进行时和一般过去时的区别两者的基本差别是过去进行时通常表示一个过去正在进行且尚未完成的动作，而一般过去时则通常表示一个过去已经完成的动作。如：Iwasreadingabooklastnight.Ireadabooklastnight.Theywerebuildingabridgethere.Theybuiltabridgethere.注：有些动词(如rain,snow,cough,wear,feel,work等)本身并不表示动作完成，这时用两种时态都可以，且含义区别不大：Itrained[wasraining]alldayyesterday.Shedidn’tfeel[wasn’tfeeling]wellthatday.9.一般将来时用法：A)基本结构是will/shalldo。例：Weshallsendheraglasshand-madecraftasherbirthdaygift.B)有些动词，如：arrive,beclose,come,do,done,go,have,leave,open,play,return,sleep,start,stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。例：MymotheriscomingtovisitmenextweekandisstayinghereuntilMay.C)表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用begoingtodo。例：ThisisjustwhatIamgoingtosay.D)表示“即将、正要”时，可用beabouttodo。强调近期内或马上要做的事。例：Don'tworry,Iamabouttomakeacloseexaminationonyou.E)"betodo"的5种用法：a)表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。例：SheistobeseeninthelabonMonday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）b)该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should,must,oughtto,haveto），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。例：Youaretogotobedandkeepquiet,kids.Ourguestsarearrivinginlessthan5minutes.\nc)能或不能发生的事情（接近can,may）例：HowamItopaysuchadebt?d)不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。例：Iassureyouthatthematter_______asquicklyaspossible.Havealittlepatience.A.willbeattendedB.willbeattendedtoC.isattendedD.isattendedtoe)用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if……wantto,或if……should）例：Greatereffortstoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortage____________avoided.A)istobeB)canbeC)willbeD)hasbeenF)同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是beonthepointofdoing。例：Thecoachisonthepointofgivingupthegamebecauseourteamhasbeenscored7points.例：1999年6月四级第65题Iwas_______thepointoftelephoninghimwhenhisletterarrived.A)inB)toC)atD)on注意事项：在以if,when,aslongas,assoonas,after,before,incase,until,unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词（immediately,themoment,directly）等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。例：Ihopehishealthwillhaveimprovedbythetimeyoucomebacknextyear.（我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。）10.将来进行时(willbedoing)用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。例：Don'tworry,youwon'tmissher.ShewillbewearingaredT-shirtandawhiteskirtatthattime.（别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。）注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。11.将来完成时(willhavedone)用法：表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。例：1997年1月四级第22题Theconference__________afullweekbythetimeitends.A)musthavelastedB)willhavelastedC)wouldlastD)haslasted注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。12)将来完成进行时：shallhavebeendoing，willhavebeendoing例：Bytheendofnextmonth,theprojectwillhavebeenbeingworkedfor3years.13)过去完成进行时：hadbeendoing例：Theoldclockhadbeenbeingtakenapartofandfixedupagainforseveraltimesbymy10-yearoldsonbeforeIcamebackhome.14)过去将来进行时：shouldbedoing,wouldbedoing例：ThegovernmentpromisedthatanewhighwaywouldbebeingbuiltnextJuly.15)过去将来完成时：shouldhavedone,wouldhavedone例：Ibelievedbytheendofthatyearanadvancedversionofthatsoftwarewouldhavebeendeveloped,butIwaswrong.16)过去将来完成进行时：shouldhavebeendoing,wouldhavebeendoing例：Theysaidthatbytheendofthefollowingmonth,theprojectwouldhavebeenbeingworkedfor3years.时态是初中英语语法难点，也是中考的重要考点，其考点主要集中在以下几个方面：【考点1】一般现在时的用法考查\n一般现在时主要有如下几点用法：1、经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：ItseldomsnowsinSuqiannow.2、现在的特征或状态。例如：Helovessports.3、普遍真理，一般规律。例如：Lighttravelsfasterthansound./Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.4、可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束；飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达，什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个，如：begin,start,stop,arrive,come,go,leave,return,open,close,be等。例如：Myplaneleavesat11a.m.tomorrow./Schoolbeginsthedayaftertomorrow.5、在if,when,assoonas,until,after,before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中，从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时，主句要用将来时。例如：Turnoffthelightbeforeyouleave./Wewillstartassoonasyouareready.关于一般现在时应注意以下几点：a.在间接引语中，如果转述的是客观真理，一般规律，谚语俗语，一般现在时时态保持不变。例如：Hesaidtheearthisround.b.if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况；但if作为"是否"意思时，其引导的宾语从句如果表示将来的情况则用一般将来时。When作为"当、、时候"，引导状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来的情况，如：Whenhecomes,Iwillletyouknow；如果引导的是宾语从句，表示"什么时候"，则将来的情况仍然用一般将来时，如：Idon'tknowwhenhewillvisitme.c.一些时间副词如seldom,usually,sometimes,often,never,everyday等既可以用于过去时，也可以用于一般现在时。要注意区分。例如：Heoftengoesswimming./Heoftenwentswimmingin1999.【中考链接】1.Mum,_______shallwehavelunch?Wewillhaveitwhenyourdad_________.（2007年连云港）A.when;returnsB.where;returnsC.where;willreturnD.when;willreturn2.TomorrowwillbeFather'sDay.Whatwillyoudoforyourfather?Iwillsay"Iloveyou,Daddy"assoonashe_______up.（2007年南通）A.willwakeB.iswakingC.wakesD.woke3.Ourteachersaidlight________fasterthansound.（2007年宿迁）A.travelledB.hastravelledC.istravellingD.travels4.Let'sgofishingifit_______thisweekend.Butnobodyknowsifit_______.（2006年扬州）A.isfine,willrainB.willbefine,rainsC.isfine,rainsD.willbefine,willrain5.Isyourfatheradoctor?Yes,heis.He________inTownHospital.(2006年武汉)A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.worksD.worked【考点2】现在进行时的用法考查现在进行时主要有以下用法：1、表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。常见的时间状语：rightnow,atpresent,atthemoment,now.常见的标志性动词如：look,listen等。例如：Someoneisaskingforyouonthephone.2、表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。多有一个表示未来时间的状语。这种情况仅限于少量动词，如：go,come,leave,start,arrive,work,have,stay,play,return等。例如：--Tom,supperisready.Comequickly.-OK.I'mcoming.注意：表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有：love,like,hate,want,hope,need,wish,know,understand,remember,belong,hear,see,seem,have(有),sound(听起来),taste（尝起来）等。【中考链接】1.Where'syourmother,Helen?She________theflowersinthegarden.（2007年镇江）A.watersB.wateredC.iswateringD.haswatered2.Hurryup!It'stimetoleave.--OK,________.（2006年孝感）A.I'mcomingB.I'llcomeC.I'vecomeD.Icome3.ShallweinviteTomtoplayfootballnow?Oh,no.Hehisclothes.（2006年泸州）A.iswashingB.washesC.haswashedD.washed【考点3】一般过去时的用法考查\n一般过去时主要有以下用法：1、表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）。常见的时间状语有：yesterday,lastnight/week,amonthago/tenyearsago和具体的过去时间in1990,in2006等。例如：SheoftencametohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.2、发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的。例如：Hownicetoseeyouhere!Ithoughtyouwereout.要注意区分一般过去时和过去进行时。一般过去时表示过去发生的事情，侧重结果；而过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作，而不涉及结果。例如：Hewaswritingaletterlastnight.（不知道是否写完了）/Hewrotealetterlastnight.(结果写完了)【中考链接】1.Simon________hisfingerswhenhewascookingthedinner.（2007年盐城）A.burntB.wasburningC.hasburntD.hadburnt2.I'msorryyouhavemissedthebus.It_________fiveminutesago.Whatapity!（2006年徐州）A.wasleavingB.hasleftC.leftD.leaves3.Mr.Johnson,wehavefoundyourwatch.Mywatch！Thankyou.Where____it?（2006年绍兴）A.doyoufindB.haveyoufoundC.didyoufindD.wereyoufinding【考点4】过去进行时的用法考查过去进行时主要有以下用法：1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。例如：Iwasreadingthenewspaperat6.30thismorning.2、当过去某一件事情发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。此时，延续性动词用过去进行时，瞬间动词用一般过去时。例如：TheearthquakestartedwhileIwasdoingsomeshopping.3、可以表示从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事。例如：Whenhissonarrived,theoldmanwasdying.【中考链接】1.Icametoyourhomeyesterdayafternoon,butnobodywasin.Oh,we_______someshoppinginthesupermarket.（2007年南通）A.havedoneB.didC.weredoingD.aredoing2.Whatdoyouthinkofthecolourofmynewdress?Sorry,butwhatdidyousay?I_________aboutsomethingelse.（2007年扬州）A.thinkB.thoughtC.amthinkingD.wasthinking3.I_______myhomeworkwhilemyparentsTVlastnight.（2006年南京）A.did;havewatchedB.wasdoing;werewatchingC.haddone;werewatchingD.woulddo;werewatching【考点5】现在完成时的用法考查现在完成时主要有以下用法：1、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。例如：EddiehaslivedwithMilliesincehewasborn.2、谈论过去发生的动作，并且和现在存在联系。即过去的某个动作对现在产生影响。Eddiehaseatenmyfood.(EddieatethefoodandnowHobohasnothingtoeat.)但是如果单纯谈一个过去的动作，不涉及它对现在的影响时，通常用一般过去时。现在完成时常见的时间状语有：for+一段时间；since+过去的某个时间；sofar,yet,recently,over/inthelast/past+一段时间；（once,twice,）three…times,never,ever,uptonow,thesedays例如：Ihaven'tseenhimthesedays./Haveyoueverseeneachotherbefore?【中考链接】1．Hello，thisisLilyspeaking．CouldIspeaktoMr.Black?Sorry．He______theXuanwuLakePark．（2007年南京）A.hasbeentoB.wenttoC.hasgonetoD.willgoto2.Wouldyouliketoseethefilmwithme?I'msorryI__________ittwice.（2007年北京）A.seeB.willseeC.haveseenD.amseeing3.Inthepastfewyearstheregreatchangesinmyhometown.（2007年天津）A.havebeenB.wereC.hadbeenD.are4.Kitty,willyougotoseethefilm-ColdMountainthisevening?\nNo,Iwon't.Iitalready.（2006年南京）A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.willsee【考点6】过去完成时的用法考查过去完成时表示过去某个行为或某件事发生之前就已经发生的动作或情况。例如：HepburnhadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.【中考链接】1.DidyouseeMr.Chenyesterdayafternoon?No.WhenIgottoschool,he_______already.（2006年扬州）A.leftB.hasleftC.wasleavingD.hadleft【考点7】将来时的用法考查表示将来时态的结构很多。主要有以下几类：1、begoingtodo…表示计划,打算做某事，例如：I'mgoingtovisitmygrandparentsnextFridayevening.也可以表示根据目前情况很可能要发生的事。例如：It'scloudy.It'sgoingtorain.2、一般现在时，可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。例如：Mycousinfinishesschoolnextyear.3、现在进行时可以表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。例如：Areyougoingtothewetlandsphotoshownextweek?4、一般将来时，will/shalldo..，在第一人称I/We的句子中，可以用shall引导；各种人称都可以用will表示一般将来时。注意：1、时间，条件状语从句中，从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，而主句要用一般将来时。例如：IwillgoshoppingwhenIamfree.2、临时决定要做某事通常用一般将来时。例如：--Tomisillinhospital.-Oh,I'msorrytohearthat.Iwillgoandseehim.3、将来时态常见的时间状语有：常见的时间状语：nextTuesday,nextweek,thecomingSunday,thisafternoon,tomorrow,tonight等。【中考链接】1."Annisinhospital.""Yes,Iknow.I________hertomorrow."（2007年盐城）A.visitB.usedtovisitC.willvisitD.amgoingtovisit2.Mr.Smith__________atalkoncountrymusicnextMonday.（2007年北京）A.giveB.gaveC.hasgivenD.willgive3.You'veleftthelighton．Oh,sorry．_______andturnitoff．(2006年泰州)A.I'vegoneB.I'11goC.IwentD.I'mgoing4.Joan,youarelate!--Sorry,I______nexttime.(2006年浙江)A.don'tB.won'tC.amnotD.haven't中考英语如何判断动词时态的技巧一、根据时间状语与时态的对应关系动词特定的时态常常与特定的时间状语联系在一起，如由thistimeyesterday可知用过去进行时；由sofar,inthepastthreeyears,tillnow可知要用完成时，等等。Atthistimetomorrow______overtheAtlantic.A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llflyD.we’retofly二、固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系在英语中，不少句型与一些动词在时态的运用方面都存在着特定的对应关系，如(1)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中用will表示的一般将来时；(2)在This/That/Itisthesecondtimethat…句型中用现在完成时，若is改为was，就用过去完成时；(3)在nosooner…than…和hardly…when…句型中，前面常用过去完成时，when/than后的句子用一般过去时；(4)was/wereabouttodo…when…或was/weredoing…when…或was/wereonthepointofdoing…when…句型中，when分句的谓语动词用一般过时；(5)在一个含有时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主从句的谓语动词都是过去发生的动作，一般来说，表示短暂性动作的动词用一般过去时，表示持续性动作的动词用过去进行时；等等。Let’skeeptothepointorwe_______anydecisions.\nA.willneverreachB.haveneverreachedC.neverreachD.neverreached解析：这是“祈使句+or+陈述句”句型，陈述句的谓语要用“will+动词原形”，故选A三、根据某些动词与时态的对应关系在英语里有些动词与时态有着特定的对应关系，如see(看见)，hear(听见)，find(找到)等都不可用于进行时态；work表示机器不能正常运行、运转时，常用一般现在时的否定式；open,close,lock等词表示门、窗等不能正常关、开、锁的意思时，常用won’topen/close/lock等，这时它们是以主动形式表示被动意义。—CanIhelpyou,sir?—Yes.Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_____.A.didn’twork　　　　B.won’tworkC.can’twork　　　　D.doesn’twork四、根据上下语境来确定时态在绝大多数情况下，动词的时态是由上下文来决定的，这就要求我们一方面要熟记各种时态的适用范围，另一方面要求我们注意上下文的提示。—Isthisraincoatyours?—No,mine______therebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung●名师指点：一般现在时表将来的规律一、“主将从现”原则当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时，时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来：I’llwritetoherwhenIhavetime.Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.Ifwehurry,wemaycatchthebus.Tellmeincaseyougetintodifficulty.【注】①除表示时间和条件的状语从句外，表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表将来：I’llfollowhimwhereverhegoes.Whateveryousay,Iwon’tpay.Whetherwehelphimornot,hewillfail.I’llhaveagoodtimewhetherIwinorlose.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbecome.②另外，当主句为用将来时态时，定语从句也通常用一般现在时表将来：I’llgiveyouanythingyouaskfor.YoucanhaveanythingIfind.Everyonewhocomesfirstwillgetapresent.二、简化原则按照英语习惯，一个句子中若主要动词已经表明了所谈论动作的时间，那么与之相关的其他动词就不必再次指明同一时间，而往往使用一个比较简单的时态，如用一般现在时表示一般将来时等。比较：Thisdiscoverymeansthatwewillspendlessonfood.Thisdiscoverywillmeanthatwespendlessonfood.三、几种值得注意的情况在makesure(弄清楚)，makecertain(弄清楚)，takecare(注意，当心)，becareful(注意，当心)，mind(注意)，watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表将来意义：Takecarethatitdoesnotoccuragain.Wemusttakecarethatnooneseesus.Makesureyoucomebacksoon.Becarefulthatyoudon’thurtherfeelings.Watchthatthebabydoesn’tgoneartheheater.Mindyoureadtheexaminationquestionscarefullybeforeyoubegintoanswerthem.【注】在itdoesn’tmatter,Idon’tcare,Idon’tmind等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在时表将来意义：\nItdoesn’tmatterwherewegoonholiday.Doesitmatterwhogoesfirst?Idon’tcarewhetherwewinorlose.Don’tyoucarewhathappenstothem?四、可用两种时态的情况在Ihope,Ibet,see(toit)等后的宾语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来意义，但有时也可直接用将来时态：Ihopethatyoulike[willlike]it.Ibetitrains[willrain]tomorrow.See(toit)thatchildrendon’tcatchcold.I’llseethatnobodydisturbs[willdisturb]you.【注】see(toit)后的that从句通常用一般现在时表将来，直接用将来的情形较少见。五、用于比较状语从句在as,than引出的比较状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，也可直接用将来时态：We’llgetthereassoonasyoudo[will].We’llprobablydrivefasterthanyoudo[will].六、表示计划或安排表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作：Areyouondutynextweekend?Thetrainleavesat12:00.Wheredowegonow?【注】用于此用法时，句中通常有具体的时间状语。七、bythetime…当主句为将来时态时，与之相关的bythetime后接的从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义：Bythetimehecomes,Iwillhaveleft.Thefilmwillhavestartedbythetimewegettothecinema.八、表示现在将要宣布某事Ideclarethemeetingopen.WelearnLessonTentoday.九、表示客观性很强的将来TodayisFriday,sotomorrowisSaturday.MybirthdayisonaSundaythisyear.【注】有时说话者对某一将来事实非常肯定，也用一般现在时：Thefutureisbright.Finalvictoryisours.中考英语动词时态复习测试题I.单项填空。1.Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou________thetrainingcourse.A.finishedB.finishC.arefinishingD.willfinish2.Where'syourbrother?He________forFranceforfurtherstudies.A.hadleftB.hasleftC.1eftD.willleave3.Ifyou_______himtomorrow,pleaseaskhimifhe_______toworkonthefarmwithus.A.see;goesB.willsee;goesC.willsee;willgoD.see;willgo4.Iwon'tgotobeduntiltheTVplay________over.You'dbetternotdothat.\nA.isB.wasC.willD.willbe5.They________aboutthecomingOlympicGamesinBeijing.Let'sjointhem.Goodidea.A.talkB.aretalkingC.havetalkedD.talked6.Wheredidyouputyourbag?Oh,I_______IputitonthechairbecausethephonerangasI_______in.A.remembered;comeB.remembered;wascomingC.remember;comeD.remember;wascoming7.When______you_______thee-dictionary?Lastmonth.A.have;boughtB.had;boughtC.do;buyD.did;buy8.IsthatMr.Luspeaking?Sorry,heisn'tin.He________abroadonbusiness.A.goesB.wentC.hasgoneD.willgo9.IknockedintoatreewhenIwenttotherailwaystationtomeetmyfriend.Isupposeyou________toofast.A.driveB.aredrivingC.droveD.weredriving10.HenryspeaksChineseverywell.He________________inChinasincetenyearsago.A.staysB.stayedC.isstayingD.hasstayed11.Don'tturnonmycomputerwhileI'maway.________.A.Ishouldn'tB.Ihaven'tC.Iwon'tD.Idon't12.Whatdoyoudo?I'masalesman.I_______inacompanyinNanjing.Ilikemyjobalot.A.workB.hadworkedC.willworkD.worked13.Whenareyouleaving?Myplane__________at10:30.A.takesoffB.tookoffC.hastakenoffD.willtakeoff14.HaveyoueverbeentoAustralia?Yes,I_________therealonethreetimesin2006.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.wentD.hadgone15.Heworksasateachernow,buthe________onafarmforthreeyears.A.workedB.hasworkedC.hadworkedD.worksII.用括号中单词的适当形式填空。1.Thechildrenwillclimbthehillifit_____________(notrain)tomorrow.2.Mr.Kingtoldhisstudentsthatthesun_________(go)upintheeast.3.Haven'tItoldyouIlikecoffeewithoutsugar?Sorry,butIonly___________(put)alittle.4.Don'tbenoisy.Mum____________(talk)withtheguestinthesittingroom.5.Whydidn'tyoucomeandopenthedoorforme,dear?Oh,sorry,I_______________(cook)inthekitchen.Ididn'thearyou.6.Howcanyoustartplayinggamessosoon,Tom?I______________(finish)myhomework,Mom.7.Doyouwanttoseethefilm"HarryPotterII"?Thefilm"HarryPotterII"?I______(see)it.It'sreallywonderful.8.Bythetimehearrivedatthestop,the8o'clockbus_____________(leave).Sohehadtowaitforthenextbus.9.Iwonderifhe______________(join)usinthediscussiontonight.10.WhenIarrived,he________________(leave).Soweonlyhadafewwordstogether..\n补充：一、请用正确的动词和时态填入下列各词：1.He__________backamonthago.(come)2.Mymotheroftentellsme__________inbed.(notread)3.Imusttakeitbackthedayaftertomorrow.Youcanonly__________itfor24hours.(保存)4.Whyhaveyoukeptme__________hereforsolongatime?(wait)5.Pleasecometoourmeetingifyou__________freetomorrow.(be)6.She__________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(goes)7.Inhisletter,hesaidthathe__________usverymuch.(miss)8.Thefilm__________fornearlyfifteenminuteswhenIgottothecinema.(be)9.Hesaidhebecame__________inphysics.(interest)10.Thisfilmisworth__________.(see)11.Hewenttoschoolinsteadof__________home.(go)12.Intheolddaysitwasdifficultforthepoorto__________ajob.(找)13.It'scoldoutside,soyou'dbetter__________yourcoat.(穿上)14.Heishungry.Pleasegivehimsomething__________.(eat)15.Pleasedon'twastetime__________TVeveryevening.YoushouldwordhardatEnglish.(watch)16.Wefoundthewindow__________.(break)17.Youhavedroppedyourpencil.__________.(拾起来)18.Motheroftentellsme__________toolate.(notcomehome)19.Youhadbetter__________bybus,oryouwillbelate.(go)20.Iwill__________LiMingthegoodnewsassoonasIseehim.(告诉)21.Greatchanges__________inourcountrysince1978.(takeplace)22.I__________mydaughtersincelastmonth.(hearfrom)23.It__________metwodaystowritethearticle.(花费)24.Don'ttouchthat__________child.(sleep)25.Everytimehetriedtostartthecar,thewheels__________deepersintosthemud.(sink)26.WhenIgothome,Ifoundthatmyroom__________breaksintosandalotofthings__________.(steal)27.IfIhadarrivedthereearlier,I__________him.(meet)28.Ididn'tremember__________herthebookbefore.(give)29.Hecalledateverydoor,__________peopletheexcitingnews.(tell)30.YesterdayMarycouldn'tfinishherhomework,soshehastogoon__________itthisafternoon.(do)31.We__________footballwhenitbegantorain.Wehadtostopandgohome.(play)32.XiaoLin__________fromhereforabouttwohours.(beaway)33.swheres__________?Canyoufindyourbirthplaceonthemap?Sorry,Ican't.(beborn)34.Lastnightwe__________backhomeuntiltheteacherleftschool.(notgo)35.ComradeLiDazhao__________inprisonin1927.(put)36.swheresisprofessorLee?He__________tothelibrary.He'llcomebacksoon.(go)37.Wecouldnothelp__________afterweheardthestory.(laugh)38.Wouldyouplease__________meanEnglish-Chinesedictionarywhenyoucome?(bring)39.Hetoldmethathe__________theGreatWalltheyearbefore.(visit)40.I'lltellhimthenewsassoonashe__________back.(come)41.Theboy__________bythedoorismybrother.(stand)42.Doyouremember__________thefilmlastyear?(see)43.There__________aphysicstestnextMonday.(be)44.__________Ifinishmyhomeworkinclass?(必须)No,youneedn't.\n45.I'msorryyou'vemissedthelastbus.It__________tenminutesago.(leave)46.WeiFangisheard__________Englisheverymorning.(hear)47.Johnstopped__________arest(have)becausehe__________forthreehours.(work)48.I'msorrytohavekeptyou__________.(wait)49.Anewtheatre__________now.(build)50.Theboys__________basketballontheplaygroundaremyclassmates.(play)51.Iregrettedansweringlikethat,Iwassorry__________so.(do)52.Can'tyouseeI'mbusy__________?(cook)53.He__________worriedwhencomingsintostheteacher'soffice.(look)54.__________comebeef!(随便吃点)55.It'sagreatshameforme__________infrontofsomanypeople.(laughat)二、选择()1.Iwilltellhimassoonashe_____backA.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came()2.Mary_____onshoeswhenshe____them.A.tries…buysB.tries…buiesC.trys…buysD.trys…buies()3.Thegirloften______coldwhenshe______.A.catch…dancesB.catches…dancesC.catchs…dancesD.catches…dance()4._____he____himselfthere?No,Idon'tthinkso.A.Do…enjoyB.Does…enjoiesC.Does…enjoysD.Does…enjoy()5.-_____yourteacher____fromthemveryoften?-Certainly.A.Do…hearB.Does…hearC.Do…receiveD.receive()6._____yourmother_____somecleaningonSundays?A.Does…doesB.Do…doesC.Does…doD.Do…do()7.-_____Tom_____toworkhardtohelphisfamily?-Yes,he_____.A.Has…x…doesB.Has…x…doesC.Does…has…hasD.Does…have…does()8.Whichteacher_____lessonstoyoueveryday?A.does…givesB.does…giveC.do…giveD.gives()9.Smithdoesnotgofishingonweekdays,____?_____,hedoes.A.doeshe…NoB.doeshe…YesC.doesn'the…NoD.doesn'the…Yes()10.MrBlackoften_____fishingonSundays,_____he?A.goes…doesn'tB.goes…isn'tC.doesn'tgo…goesD.doesn'tgo…is()11.Heusually_____TVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatching()12.We'llgotoplaywithsnowifit______tomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowed()13.NeitherInorhe______French.A.speakB.doesn'tspeakC.speaksD.doesn'tspeak()14.Nobody______howtorun(操纵)thismachine.A.knowB.haveknownC.knowsD.isknowing()15.TheYoungPioneer_____waterfortheoldmaneveryday.A.carryB.bringC.takesD.carries()16.Someare______intheriverandsomeare______games.A.swimming…plaiingB.swiming…playingC.swimming…playingD.swimming…plaing()17.Look!Theboystudentsare_____footballwhilethegirlsare_____.A.playing…danceB.playing…dancingC.play…dancingD.play…dance()18.He_____todohislessonsateighteveryevening.A.isbeginningB.isbeginningC.beginD.begins\n()19._____he_____onwellwithhisfriendsthisterm?A.Does…getsB.Does…getC.Is…gettingD.Is…geting()20.MrSmith_____shortstories,buthe____aTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting…iswritingB.iswriting…writesC.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes()21.I_____tothecinema.I______thereeverySunday.A.go…goB.amgoing…goC.go…amgoingD.amgoing…amgoing()22.Look,they______agoodtime,____they?A.have…doB.have…don'tC.arehaving…areD.arehaving…aren't()23.You______aboutthefuturenow,______you?A.don'tthink…don'tB.aren'tthinking…aren'tC.don'tthink…doD.aren'tthinking…are()24.Shealways______somethingwhenevershe______.A.studied…playedB.studied…plaiedC..studied…plaiedD.studyed…played()25.Heoften_____lateintheforest.It_____meverymuch.,A.stayed…worriedB.staied…worriedC.stayed…worryedD.staied…worried()26.I______thattheboy_____withnotearsinhiseyes.A.noticed…cryedB.noticed…criedC.noticd…criedD.noticed…cryed()27.We_____thefloorand_____allthewindows.A.mopped…cleannedB.moped…cleanedC.mopped…cleanedD.moped…cleaned()28.WhenI_____theChildren'sPalace,thechildren_____withjoy.A.visitd…jumppedB.visite…jumpedC.visited…jumpedD.visited…jumpped()29.______asportsmeetlastSunday?Yes,they______.A.Didtheyhave…didB.Didtheyhave…hadC.Hadthey…hadD.Hadthey…did()30.____you_____outforawalkaftersupper?Yes,I______.A.Did…went…wentB.Did…go…wentC.Did…went…didD.Did…go…did()31._____Jack_____onwithhisworkor______tohavearest?A.Did…went…stoppedB.Did…go…stopC.Did…went…stopD.Did…go…stopped()32.Yougavethematalktwodaysago,_____you?Yes,I______.A.did…didB.did…gaveC.didn't…didD.didn't…gave()33.-____yourbrother_____aletterto?-Myfatherdid.A.Who…wroteB.What…wroteC.Whodid…writeDWhatdid…write()34.They___abouttheTVnewstheninthesitting-room.Theyoften____suchtalksA.talked…hadB.talk…haveC.weretalking…hadD.aretalking…have()35.He______somecookingatthattime,sohe_____me.A.did…heardB.did…didn'thearC.wasdoing…heardD.wasdoing…didn'thear()36."_____youangrythen?""They______toomuchnoise.”A.Are…weremakingB.Were…weremakingC.Are…madeD.Were…made()37.Thistimeyesterday,Jack_____hisbike.He_____TV.A.repaired…didn'twatchB.wasrepairing…watchedC.repaired…watchedD.wasrepairing…wasn'twatching()38.We_____forTomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus______.A.werewaiting…waitingB.werewaiting…waitC.waited…waitingD.waited…wait()39.Whenyou____atthedoor,I_____somewashing.A.knocked(敲)…didB.wasknocking…didC.knocked…wasdoingD.knock…amdoing()40.Theboy_____EnglishontheradiowhenI_____hisdoor.A.learned…wasopeningB.waslearning…openedC.learned…openedD.islearning…open()41.Whenthey______throughtheforest,abear_____atthem.(comeat:袭击)A.walked…wascomingB.werewalking…cameC.werewalking…comesD.walk…iscoming()42.Ayoungman_____herwhileshe_____herwork.A.watched…wasdoingB.waswatching…didC.watched…didD.waswatching…wasdoing\n()43.Whilemother_____somewashing,I______akiteforKack.A.did…madeB.wasdoing…madeC.wasdoing…wasmakingD.did…wasmaking()44.I_____myselfFrenchfrom7to9yesterdaymorning.I_____towork.A.wasteaching…didn'tgoB.taught…didn'tgoC.wasteaching…wentD.taught…went()45.He_____amodelplanewhenIcametoseehim.A.makesB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.made()46.I______aletteratninelastnight.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.iswriting()47.Theteacher_____usahistorylessonwhenTomwalkedintotheclassroom.A.gaveB.isgivingC.wasgivenD.wasgiving()48.Therewillbeafootballmatchintwodays,thatis_______.A.lastSundayB.nextSundayC.everySundayD.thisSunday()49.We______aclassmeetingthisNovember.A.hadB.haveC.willhaveD.arehaving()50.He______inhisgardeneverymorningnextyear.A.willworkB.worksC.workedD.isworking