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初中英语动词时态复习I.一般现在时1.一般现在时的用法1)表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词(always,often,usually,everyday等)连用。例:Heoftengoesswimminginsummer.他夏天经常游泳。2)表示现在的状态。例:Myfatherisverybusy.我父亲很忙。3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例:Mysisterisalwaysreadytohelpothers.我妹妹总是乐于助人。4)表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。例:ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国东部。5)在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。(主将从现)例:I'lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。2.动词的第三人称词尾变化:当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es:规则动词原形第三人称单数一般在词尾加-splayplays以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es,读∕iz∕,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。passfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es,读∕z∕。studycarrystudiescarries注意:动词have的第三人称单数是has.写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。1.cook_______2.watch________3.build_________4.have________5.wash________6.enjoy______7.go_________8receive______9cry______10.close________11.drive_______12.choose______13.play________14.reach________巩固练习:1、Lucylikesgoingskatingwithherfriends.(改写成否定句)________________________________________________________2、Hiswatchcosts300yuan.(变成一般疑问句并否定回答)________________________________________________________II.一般过去时1.一般过去时的用法1)表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,justnow,theotherday,in1982等连用。例:Wheredidyougojustnow?刚才你上哪儿去了?2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。例:WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.巩固练习:1、YesterdayIwentswimming.(改写成否定句。)________________________________________________________12\n1、HewasborninShanghai.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________________3我昨天买了一辆新自行车。________________________________________________________2.动词过去式的规则变化:构成规则动词原形动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,lookplayworklookedplayedworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivelikedlived词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,此辅音字母,再加-edplanstopplannedstopped词尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”再加-edstudyworryStudiedWorried写出下列动词的过去式形式。1.put________2.drink_______3.cry_______4.pull________5.ride________6.begin________7.sit________8.run_________9.take_________10.sweep_______11.stop_______12.die_________13.prefer______III.一般将来时1.一般将来时的构成:(1)will+动词原形(在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall):表示将来某时要发生的动作或存在的状态。例:Shallwegotothezoo?我们要去动物园吗?(2)begoingto+不定式,表示按计划,安排要发生的事。例:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢?表示确信如此或有迹象表明某事即将发生。例如:Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云,快要下雨了。(3)be+V-ing,表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。注意:常见的有come,go,arrive,leave等。例:I'mleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。巩固练习:1.Mrs.Brownisgoingtobuyadigitalcamera.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________________2.SamwillvisitBrazilnextweek.(变成一般疑问句并否定回答)________________________________________________________4.他们今晚要去看足球赛。________________________________________________________IV.现在进行时1.结构:am/is/are+动词的现在分词2.动词V-ing的构成形式规则原形-ing形式一般在动词原形末尾加-inglistenspendlisteningspending12\n以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-inghavepreparehavingpreparing以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ingsitbeginrunsittingbeginningrunning以ie为重读音节结尾的动词,先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ingliedielyingdying以er结尾的动词,如是重读音节结尾,先双写r,再加-ing;反之,则直接加-ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering写出下列动词的现在分词形式。1、win2、relax3、jump4、make5、have6、talk7、tie8、cheer3.现在进行时的用法:(1)表示现在说话时正在发生或进行的动作。例:Wearewaitingforyounow.我们正在等你。巩固练习:1、BruceoftenwriteslettersinEnglish.(用now改写句子)________________________________________________________2、Theyaresurfing.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________________3、瞧,那些孩子们玩的真高兴!________________________________________________________4、这些天工人们一直在尽力修补那些坏了的帐篷。________________________________________________________用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.UncleWangusually_______(go)toworkbybike.2.Bequiet!Thepatient____________(sleep).3、Look,anumberofYoungPioneers_______________(plant)treesoverthere.V.过去进行时1.结构:was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)2.过去进行时的用法:(1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与确切的过去时间状语连用。例:Atthismomentyesterday,Iwaspackingforcamp.巩固练习:1、Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger. A.made B.ismaking C.wasmaking D.makesVI.现在完成时1.结构:助动词have/has+过去分词2.写出下列动词的过去分词形式:bringcatchdofindeatgetforgetcut12\npayknowbuyseecomesleepspendtell3.现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生的事情或进行的动作,终止于过去,对现在造成的影响。句中动词通常是短暂性动词。例如:Haveyouevercookedathome?你吃晚饭了吗?Youhavealreadygrownmuchtaller.你已经长高了许多。(2)表示从过去开始持续到现在,并可能延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,如:for+一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句。(Since用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度),提问用Howlong.例如:Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军五年了。TheyhavelearnedEnglishforeightyears.他们已学了八年的英语了。(3)注意的问题:短暂性的动词(appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop)不能与延续性时间(一段时间)连用。例如:Hehasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.(错误)Hehasbeeninthearmyforfiveyears.(正确)现在完成时不与具体的过去时间连用,如:yesterday,lastweek,in1998,twodaysago等。have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的区别:have/hasbeentohave/hasgoneto比较一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,强调动作,不和现在发生联系,常与具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等,;现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了)Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)Whydidyougetupsoearly?(强调起床的动作已发生过了)HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(强调他是团员)巩固练习: 1、-Doyouknowourtownatall? -No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.was B.havebeen C.came D.amcoming2、-Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore? -No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,come B.even,havecome C.ever,come D.ever,havecome3、Doyouknow________? A.howlonghashelivedhereB.howlonghehaslivedhere C.hehaslivedherehowlongD.hehaslivedhowlonghereVII.过去完成时1.结构:助动词had+过去分词2.过去完成时的用法:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。12\n即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。例如:Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.在我到达之前,火车已经开走了。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他说过他以前学过一些英语。巩固练习:1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes. A.hadmet B.havemet C.met D.meet2.---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting. ---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeen B.hadbeen C.was D.willbe 3、Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice. A.hadwritten,left B,werewriting,hasleft C.hadwritten,hadleft D.werewriting,hadleft4、Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it. A.haslost,don'tfind B.ismissing,don'tfind C.haslost,haven'tfound D.ismissing,haven'tfound. l中考动词时态考点分析一、根据时间状语确定时态的原则l1.Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.(2002辽宁)lA.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.beganl[析]1.C。since后接时间的起点,for后接时间段,主句动词用现在完成时,应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用。二、在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则l2.Doyouknowifbacknextweek?Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.(2002黑龙江)lA.hecomes;willcomeB.willhecome;comeslC.hewillcome;comesD.willhecome;willcomen[析]2.C。if既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句。充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义是“是否”。充当状语从句的连接词时,词义是“如果”。从时态看,if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化;引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时,若主句用一般将来时,则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。三、根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则l3.–Whenthiskindofcomputer?l--Lastyear.(2002天津)lA.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;usedl[析]3.B。此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态,并且要考虑到被动语态。四、利用上下文语意确定时态的原则l4.–Hi!LinTao.Ididn’tseeyouattheparty.l--Oh,Ireadyforthemathsexam.(2002江西)12\nlA.amgettingB.wasgettingC.gotD.havegotl[析]4.B。此例由didn’t,attheparty推断出应用过去进行时。一、时态中的“特殊”对策的原则l5.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25ChristmasDay.(2002辽宁)lA.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbel[析]5.A。有些动词其动词的时态是“违背常理”的。如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时,其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示。l中考真题训练1.Thepopulationoftheworld____still____now.(2009·甘肃兰州)A.has;grownB.is;growingC.will;growD.is;grown2.---Goodevening.I_______toseeMissMary.(2009·甘肃兰州)---Oh,goodevening.I’msorry,butsheisnotin.A.havecome B.come C.cameD.hadcome3.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsagowhenwe_____ataradiostationtogether.(2009·甘肃兰州)A.haveworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.wereworkingD.hadworked4.Ifyoucarefully,youthereportwell.(2009·广州)A.willlisten;willbeunderstoodB.willlisten;understandC.listen;willunderstandD.listen;understand5.TheyabouteighthundredEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(2009·广州)A.willlearnB.hadlearnedC.aregoingtolearnD.havelearned6.—Howdidtheaccidenthappen?(2009·广州)—Youknow,itdifficulttoseetheroadclearlybecauseit.A.was;wasrainingB.is;hasrainedC.is;israiningD.willbe;willrain7.Attention,please.ThereafootballgamebetweenChinaandKoreathisevening.A.isgoingtobeB.hasbeenC.hasD.willhave8.—Whatdoesyoursisterlikedoinginhersparetime?—ShewatchingTV.(2009·湖北武汉)A.likesB.likedC.haslikedD.hadliked9.—WhenJessytoNewYork?—Yesterday.(2009·湖北武汉)A.does;getB.did;getC.has;gotD.had;got10.—Howcleanthebedroomis!(2009·湖北武汉)—Yes,Iamsurethatsomeoneit.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned11.Myfriend______me.Ihavetoleavenow.(2009·河北)A.waitsforB.waitedforC.iswaitingforD.waswaitingfor12.BesuretoletTomknowthenoticeassoonashe______.(2009·河北)A.willarriveB.wasarrivingC.arrivesD.arrived13.I______thewrongthing.CanIuseyoureraser?(2009·河北)A.writeB.wroteC.amwritingD.willwrite12\n14.---AreyougoingtohelpJohnwithhisChinesethisevening?(2009·山东威海)---NO,He______toEngland.Hewillbebacknextmonth.A.returnedB.hasreturnedC.returnsD.willreturn15.---Who’swonthefirstprizeinthecompetition?(2009·山东烟台)---Henry______.Hehas______itforaweek.A.is,wonB.is,gotC.has,hadD.has,beengiven16.---Isthistheplacethatyou______?(2009·四川成都)---No.I’veneverbeentherebefore.A.havevisitedB.willvisitC.arevisiting17.It______outside.You’dbettertakeanumbrellawithyou.(2009·江西)A.rainsB.israiningC.rainedD.hasrained18.---CanIhelpyou?(2009·江西)---Iboughtthiswatchhereyesterday,butit______work.A.won’tB.didn’tC.doesn’tD.wouldn’t19.IusedtolovethisfilmwhenIwasyoung,butI______itthatwayanymore.(2009·江苏南京)A.don’tfeelB.didn’tfeelC.haven’tfeltD.hadn’tfelt20.---How wasyourtrip to theancientvillage?(2009·湖北宜昌)---Fantastic!We___________to amuseum ofstrangestones.A.go B.wentC.aregoing D.will go21.—WhereisPeter?(2009·湖南娄底)—Hevolleyballwithhisfriendsintheschoolgym.A.playsB.playedC.isplaying22.---Hello!CanIspeaktoMr.White?(2009·江苏无锡)---Sorry,heisn’thererightnow.He______tothethemepark.A.willgoB.wasgoingC.hasgoneD.hasbeen23.---______you______yourdrawing?(2009·陕西绥德)---Notyet!Itwillbedoneinafewminutes. A.Did;finish B.Will;finish C.Do;finish D.Have;finished24.She______asananimaltrainersince2003.(2009.北京)A.hasworkedB.works C.willwork D.haveworked25.They______hertotheparty,soshewasveryhappy.(2009.北京)A.inviteB.invited C.willinvite D.areinviting26.Mr.Green______tothemanagernow.You’dbettercallhimlater.(2009.北京)A.talkB.talked C.istalking D.wastalking27.PrisonBreakisthebestAmericanTVplaythatI______theseyears.(2009.安徽)A.watchB.willwatch C.havewatched D.waswatching28.---Alice,turndowntheTV,please.I_________onthephone.---Oh,sorry.(2009.安徽)A.havetalkedB.talked C.amtalking D.talk29.---WherearetheGreens,mayIask?(2009·吉林通化)---Well,they______toEngland.Theyhavebeentherefornearlyaweeknow.A.havebeenB.aregoingtoC.havegoneD.willgo30.Theteachers_______theofficeforafewminuteswhenwearrived.Wedidn’tmeetthem.A.hadbeenawayfromB.hadleftC.havebeenawayfromD.haveleft31.—Hasyourfatherfinishedhisreport?(2009·扬州)12\n—Sorry,Idon’tknow.He___________itthismorning.A.waswritingB.wroteC.haswrittenD.hadwritten32.—It’stimefordinner.Whereisyourfather,Emma?—He______hisbikeintheyard.(2009·新疆阜康)A.cleanB.cleanedC.iscleaningD.willclean33.---Hi,I______youforalongtime.(2009·朝阳)---I________inBeijing.I’vejustcomeback.A.hadn’tseen;amB.haven’tseen;shallbeC.didn’tsee;willbeD.haven’tseen;was34.TodayisThursday,andTomlosthisbikelastSunday.Wemaysay“_____”.A.TomhaslosthisbikefourdaysagoB.TomhaslosthisbikeforfourdaysC.TomlosthisbikeforfourdaysD.It’sfourdayssinceTomlosthisbike答案:1~5BBCCB6~10AAABC11~15CCBBC16~20ABCAB21~25CCDAB26~30CCCCA31~34ACDD直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解定义:直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。Johnsaid,"I’mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."约翰说:"我要和父亲到伦敦去。"(引号内是直接引语)间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题第一:人称的变化。顺口溜:在直接引语变间接引语时:“一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:Shesaid,"Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二随宾”是指若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如:HesaidtoKate."Whatisyoursisterdoingnow?"→HeaskedKatewhathersisterwasdoingthen。“第三人称不更新”是指如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:MrSmithsaid,"Jackisagoodworker。"→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。二、如何变时态:1.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化:(1)一般现在时变为一般过去时(2)现在进行时变为过去进行时12\n(3)一般将来时变为过去将来时(4)现在完成时变为过去完成时(5)一般过去时变为过去完成时(6)过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观事实、真理。"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。Hesaid,"I’maboy,notagirl."→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?"→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l,1980。"→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980。Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could,should,would,might)不再变。如:Petersaid."Youhadbettercomeheretoday。"→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday⑥如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.三、如何变状语:指示代词this---thatthese---those表示时间的词now---thentoday---thatdayTonight---thatnightthisweek(month,etc)----thatweek(month,etc)yesterday----thedaybeforelastweek(month)---theweek(month)beforethreedays(ayear)ago---threedays(ayear)beforetomorrow----thenext(following)daynextweek(month)--thenext(following)week(month)表地点的词here--there动词bring--takecome--go四、如何变句型:①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:12\nShesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."→Shesaid(that)theirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven‘tyou?"mymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语仍由原疑问代词或疑问副词引导(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth."句型。如:"Don’tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea,please,"saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动名词(或从句)。”如:Hesaid,"Let’sgotothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.⑥.直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what或how引导,也可以用that引导。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.习题:1,Ourteachertoldus,"Thesunrisesintheeast."2,Lucysaid,”I’llgraduatefromherenextyear.”3,Peterasked,”Whatareyoudoingthisevening,Mary?”SO的用法1.so用作连词,表示“因此,所以”。 例:Iheardsomenoiseoutside,soIwentoutoftheroomtoseewhy. sothat作为连词词组,表示“以便,为了”。 例:Thevaseisputhighonthetable,sothatitwon’tbebroken. 2.so可以用作形容词,表示“是这样的,是真的”。12\n 例:Thenewspapersclaimshekilledhiminself-defensebutthatjustisn’tso. 3.so可以用作副词,表示—— 1)“如此,这么”结构为:so+adj./adv 例:Shewassotiredthatshefellasleepveryfast. 表示此意思时,还可以用:so+adj.+a/an+n. 例:Itissogoodamoviethateveryonewhosawitpraisesitverymuch. 2)“如此,如是”,用于表示已经提到的想法,建议或情况等 例:“WillIneedmyumbrella?” “Ithinkso.” 3)“也是,也一样”结构为so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语 例:Tonytakesexerciseeverydayandsodoeshisyoungerbrother. 注意否定句应把so改为neither/nor,结构为neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语 例:Jennyhasneverbeenlateforclass.Neither/Norheryoungerbrother. 4)“确实是这样”,表示对前面陈述事实的强调,结构为so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词 例:Tonyworksveryhardatallthesubjects.Sohedoes. 5)“似乎,那么”,表示惊讶、不同意或者嘲讽 例:Soyouthinkyou'vegottroubles? 常见结构:andsoon/andsoforth:等等;soasto(do):以便;sothat+从句:以便 例:Weeatdifferentvegetables,suchastomato,potato,celery,andsoon. Theygotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus. Theygotupsoearlythattheycouldcatchthefirstbus.6)有时可与并列连词and连用,构成习语andso(相当so):HetoldmetodoitandsoIdidit.他叫我那么做,所以我就做了。Heworkedhardandsohesucceeded.他勤奋工作,所以他取得了成功。Therewassomuchtoeatandsofewpeopletoeatit.有这么多东西可吃,而吃的人又这么少。Iforgottoposttheletter,andsosheneverheardaboutmydivorce.我忘了寄那封信了,所以她一直不知道我离婚的事。4.不要按汉语意思将“因为…所以…”直译为because…so…:12\n误:Becausehewasill,sohecouldn'tcome.(去掉because或so中任意一个)哪些结构作主语采用就近原则由or,either…or,neither…or,not…but…,notonly…butalso等连接的并列成分作主语时,其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如:HeorIaminthewrong,他或是我错了。Neitheryounorheistired.你和他都没累。NotyoubutIamtoblame.不该怪你而该怪我。Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。但在非正式文体中,有时也一律用复数谓语(注:在考试时最好避免使用)。如:NeitherTednorMarkarewrong.特德和马克都没有错。IfeitherDavidorJanetcome,theywillwantadrink.大卫或珍妮特来了的话,是会要喝酒的。哪些结构作主语采用就远原则当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but,except,besides,including,like,with,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,inadditionto,combinedwith,ratherthan,togetherwith等引出的短语时,谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致,简称“就远原则”)。如:Everybodyexceptyouisdownonme.除了你,大家都看不起我。Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.约翰,而不是他的室友,应该受到责备。Jim,togetherwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。Myfather,nolessthanI,isabase-ballfan.我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。Theson,aswellashisparents,wantstogothere.不但儿子想去那儿,而且他的父母也想去。Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.老师也和同学们一样对这项活动有兴趣。12