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一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时,过去将来时,现在完成进行时。常用的时态只有八种。1.一般现在时的用法1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理.句中常用often,usually,everyday等时间状语。例如:Hegoestoschooleveryday.(经常性动作)Heisveryhappy.(现在的状态)Theearthmovesaroundthesun.(真理)2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来.例如:Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we'llhaveameeting.WhenIgraduate,I’llgotothecountryside.3)有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作,(句中都带有时间状语)但限于少数动词如begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等.例如:Themeetingbeginsatseven.Thetrainstartsatnineinthemorning.4)表示状态和感觉的动词,如be,like,hate,think,remember,find,sound等常用一般现在时.例如:IlikeEnglishverymuch.Thestorysoundsveryinteresting.5)书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时.2.一般过去时的用法l)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作.HesawMrWangyesterday.Heworkedinafactoryin19862)表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“usedto”和“would+动词原形”。例如:Iusedtosmoke.DuringthevacationIwouldswiminthesea.注意;usedto表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。另外?“tobeusedto+名词(动句词)“表示”习惯于……。例如Iamusedtotheclimatehere.Heisusedtoswimminginwinter.3.一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态,其表达形式除了“will或shall十动词原形”外,还有以下几种形式.l)“tobegoingto十动词原形”,表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事.例如:Itisgoingtorain.Wearegoingtohaveameetingtoday.2)go,come,start,move,sail,leave等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作.例如:I’mleavingforBeijing.3)“beto十动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见.例如:Arewetogoonwiththiswork?Theboyistogotoschooltomorrow.4)“beaboutto十动词原形”表示即将发生的动作。例如:Weareabouttoleave.5)某些词,如come,go,leave,arrive,start等的一般现在时和现在进行时也可表示将来.6\nThemeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.Heisleavingtomorrow.4.现在进行时的用法1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,由“tobe十现在分词”构成,另外“系动词十介词或副词”也表示进行时的意义.例如:Whatareyoudoing?Thebridgeisunderconstruction.2)表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have,be,hear,see,like等词一般不用进行时.5.过去进行时的用法l)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作,由“was(were)十现在分词”构成.例如:In1980hewasstudyinginauniversity.HewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.6.现在完成时的用法现在完成时由“have十过去分词”构成.其使用有两种情况:1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响.句中没有具体时间状语.例如HehasgonetoFuzhou.(说话人认为他不在该地)HehasbeentoFuzhou.(说话人认为他在该地)2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去.常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或sofar,now,today,thisweek(month,year)等表示包括现在时问在内的状语。例如:HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.HehasstudiedEnglishsince1985.NowIhavefinishedthework.注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用.3)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中、表示将来某时完成的动作.例如:I’llgotoyourhomewhenIhavefinishedmyhomework.Ifithasstoppedsnowinginthemorning,we’llgotothepark.7.过去完成时的用法l)过去完成时由“had十过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态.句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导的时间状语.例如:Bytheendoflastyearwehadbuiltfivenewhouses.Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。例如:Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.8.过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态.过去将来时由“should或would十动词原形”构成。第一人称用should,其他人称用would.例如:Theyweresurethattheywouldsucceed.9.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时由“have(has)十6\nbeen十现在分词”构成,表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。有些词,如work,study、live,teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多.例如:Ihaveworkedhereforthreeyears.Ihavebeenworkinghereforthreeyears.但多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思.例如:Ihavewrittenaletter(已写完)Ihavebeenwritingaletter.(还在写)注意:表示短暂动作的动词,如finish,marry,getup,come,go等不能用这种时态.过去将来时一般过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。一般过去将来时的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。过去将来时的构成(句型如下:)肯定句:主语+be(was,were)goingto+动词原形+其他 否定句:主语+be(was,were)notgoingto+动词原形+其他 疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他 肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形+其他 否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形+其他 疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形+其他 1同一般将来时,把系动词be变为过去式,把will,shall变为过去式。 例句:Ididn'tknowifhewouldcome. =Ididn'tknowifhewasgoingtocome. 我不知道他是否会来。 Shewassixty-six.Inthreeyears,shewouldbesixty-nine.她66岁了。三年后,她是69岁。 Shetoldusthatshewouldnotgowithus,ifitrained.她告诉我们,如果下雨,她就不和我们一起去了。 Ididn'tknowhowtodoit.Whatwouldbetheirideas?我不知如何去做,他们会有什么想法呢? 2.过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时,不管什么人称,一律用would。 Thisdoorwouldn'topen.. 这扇门老是打不开。 Wheneverhehadtime,hewoulddosomereading.他一有时间,总是看书。 IwouldplaywithhimwhenIwasachild.当我还是孩童时,总是和他一起玩。如: YouknowIwouldcome.你知道我会来的。 WeneverimaginedthatJohnwouldbecomeadoctor.我们从未想过约翰会成为一个医生。 过去将来时有时可带时间状语。如: Hesaidhewouldcomebackthenextday.他说他第二天回来。 1"was/weregoingto+动词原形"或"was/were+动词不定式完成式"可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。 LastSundayweweregoingtovisittheGreatWall,butitrained. 上星期天我们本想去游览长城的,但却下雨了。(没有去成)6\n Iwastohavehelpedwiththeperformance,butIgotfluthedaybefore. 我是打算帮忙演出的,但前天我感冒了。(没有帮上忙) 2.was/wereabouttodo "was/wereabouttodo"表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。 Ifeltsomethingterriblewasabouttohappen. 我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。 3.was/wereonthepointofdoing I’mgladyouhavecome.Iwasonthepointofcallingyou,butyou’vesavedmethetroublenow. 很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话,现在你省去我这个麻烦了。 "beablettodo"和"beonthepointofdoing"结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用,但后面可以接when引导的分句。Iwasabouttostartwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.( )1. There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon. A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe( )2. Charlie________herenextmonth. A.isn’tworking B.doesn’tworking C.isn’tgoingtoworking D.won’twork( )3. He________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.A.willbe;is B.is;is C.willbe;willbe D.is;willbe( )4. There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.was B.isgoingtohave C.willhave D.isgoingtobe( )5. –________you________freetomorrow? –No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow. A.Are;goingto;will B.Are;goingtobe;wil C.Are;goingto;willbe D.Are;goingtobe;willbe( )6. Mother________meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgives B.willgive C.gives D.give( )7. –ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?–______.(不,不要。)A.No,youwon’t.B.No,youaren’t.C.No,pleasedon’t. D.No,please.( )8. ________aconcertnextSaturday?A.Therewillbe B.WilltherebeC.Therecanbe D.Thereare( )10.Iftheycome,we________ameeting. A.have B.willhave C.had D.wouldhave( )11.He________herabeautifulhatonhernextbirthday.A.gives B.gaveC.willgiving D.isgoingtogiving( )12.He________tousassoonashegetsthere.A.writes B.haswritten C.willwrite D.wrote( )13.He________inthreedays.A.comingback B.cameback C.willcomeback D.isgoingtocomingback( )14.Ifit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’train D.doesn’tfine( )15.–WillhisparentsgotoseetheTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow? –No,________(不去)6\nA.theywilln’t.B.theywon’t.C.theyaren’t.D.theydon’t. ( )17.We________theworkthiswaynexttime. A.do B.willdoC.goingtodo D.willdoing( )18.Tomorrowhe________akiteintheopenairfirst,andthen________boatinginthepark. A.willfly;willgo B.willfly;goesC.isgoingtofly;willgoes D.flies;willgo( )19.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.A.willwatchingB.watches C.iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch( )20.There________abirthdaypartythisSunday.A.shallbe B.willbe C.shallgoingtobe D.willgoingtobe( )21.They________anEnglisheveningnextSunday.A.arehavingB.aregoingtohaveC.willhavingD.isgoingtohave( )22.________you________freenextSunday?A.Will;areB.Will;beC.Do;be D.Are;be( )23.He________thereattentomorrowmorning.A.willB.is C.willbe D.be( )24.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibrary?A.Are;goingtoborrow B.Is;goingtoborrowC.Will;borrows D.Are;goingtoborrows( )25.–ShallIcomeagaintomorrowafternoon? –________(好的).A.Yes,pleaseB.Yes,youwill.C.No,please.D.No,youwon’t.( )26.It________theyearofthehorsenextyear.A.isgoingtobeB.isgoingto C.willbeD.willis( )27.________openthewindow?A.WillyoupleaseB.PleasewillyouC.YoupleaseD.Doyou( )28.–Let’sgoouttoplayfootball,shallwe? –OK.I________.A.willcomingB.begoingtocomeC.comeD.amcoming( )29.It________usalongtimetolearnEnglishwell.A.takes B.willtakeC.spendsD.willspend( )30.Thetrain________at11.A.goingtoarriveB.willbearriveC.isgoingtoD.isarriving1-Theplaneisleavingrightnow,butJimhasn'tarrivedyet.-Well,hesaidhe_____hereontime.AcameBwouldcomeCcanbeDwillbe2Assoonasthebabysawhermother,she_____.Awasgoingtocry Bcryed Cbegantocry Dwascrying3LiMingsaidhe_____happyifBrian_____toChinanextmonth.Aas;come Bwas;wouldcome Cwouldbe;came Dwillbe;come4Jennysaidshe_____herholidayinChina.AspentBwouldspentCwasgoingtospent Dwouldspend二、填空6\n1Shesaidthebus_______(leave)atfivethenextmorning.2Iwasn'tsurewhetherhe_______(lend)mehisbookthenextmorning.3Hewasfifty-six.Intwoyearshe_______(be)fifty-eight.1.LiMingsaidhe_____happyifBrian_____toChinanextmonth.A.as;comeB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;cameD.willbe;come2.Jennysaidshe_____herholidayinChina.A.spentB.wouldspentC.wasgoingtospentD.wouldspend3.—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter? —Hetoldmethathe______theDisneyWorldthenextday.A.willvisit B.hasvisited C.isgoingtovisit D.wouldvisit4.IhopedTina______tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday. A.tocome B.iscomingC.willcome D.wascoming5.Fathersaidthathe______metoBeijingthenextyear. A.took B.wouldtakeC.takes D.willtake6.Wewerenotsurewhetherthey______morevegetables. A.aregoingtogrow B.weregoingtogrowC.willgrow D.havegrown7.She______toworkwhenthetelephonerang.A.isgoing B.willgo C.wasabouttogo D. istogo6