中考英语毕节总复习语法专题讲义专题14　复合句 6页

专题十四　复合句 毕节五年中考命题规律及趋势 近五年毕节中考考情分析 ‎2019年毕节中考命题预测 年份 考查角度 考查重点 题号 分值 预计2019年毕节中考对复合句的考查仍是重点，倾向于考查状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句关系词的用法，主要以单项填空、情景交际的形式出现，考查的小题数约3—4道。‎ ‎2019‎ 状语从句的用法 结合语境选择if引导的条件状语从句 ‎26‎ ‎1‎ 宾语从句的用法 结合语境和答语选择when引导的宾语从句 ‎30‎ ‎1‎ ‎2019‎ 定语从句的用法 关系代词that在定语从句中的用法 ‎30‎ ‎ 1‎ ‎2019‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2019‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2019‎ 宾语从句的用法 where引导的宾语从句的语序 ‎24‎ ‎1‎ 毕节中考考点突破 ‎　宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、语序和时态。‎ ‎1．宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的引导词有三种：that；whether/if；特殊疑问词what/when/where/who等。‎ ‎(1)that引导的宾语从句 that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分， that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。如：‎ She said (that) her mother was a teacher.她说她的妈妈是一名老师。‎ ‎(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句 if，whether引导的宾语从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。如：‎ Let me know whether/if you can come to the party.让我知道你是否能来聚会。‎ I don't care whether you like the story or not.我不关心你是否喜欢这个故事。‎ 注意：以下情况一般只用whether不用if ‎①接带to的动词不定式。如：‎ She doesn't know whether to go to the zoo.她不知道是否去动物园。‎ ‎②与or not连用时。如：‎ I'm not sure whether or not he will come on time.我不确定他是否能准时来。‎ ‎(3)疑问词引导的宾语从句 此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由疑问词引导。包括who，whom，whose，what，which，where，when，how，why等。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。如： ‎ Could you tell me what time it is now？你能告诉我现在几点了吗？‎ ‎2．宾语从句的三个注意事项 ‎(1)语序：宾语从句要用陈述语序，注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。如：‎ How old is the man？这个男人多大了？‎ ‎ He wants to know how old the man is.他想知道这个男人多大了。‎ ‎(2)时态：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。如：‎ He says he will go to Beijing in a week.他说他将在一周之内去北京。‎ He says he has been to Beijing.他说他已经去过北京。‎ 如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。如：‎ The boy said he was watching TV at that time.男孩说在那个时候他正在看电视。‎ 如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。如：‎ Our teacher told us the earth runs around the sun.我们的老师告诉我们地球围着太阳转。‎ 单项填空。‎ ‎(　C　)1.(新信息题)—I wonder ______ you think of the film Shadow(《影》)．‎ ‎—Great.‎ A．which B．how C．what D．that ‎(　B　)2.(2019毕节中考模拟)—Excuse me，do you know ______？‎ ‎—Sure，there is a bookstore down the street near there.‎ A．where can I get some postcards B．where I can get some postcards C．how can I get some postcards D．when I can get some postcards ‎　定语从句 用从句作定语的句子叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面，这个名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可以作状语。‎ ‎1．what不能引导定语从句。‎ ‎2．关系词的运用须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。‎ ‎(1)当先行词是人，指人的关系代词有who，whose，whom，that。如：‎ The old man who/whom/that we met yesterday is a famous scientist.我们昨天遇到的老人是一位有名的科学家。‎ She knows the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.她知道这个小孩，他的父母已经去了北京。‎ The man with whom my father talked just now is our headmaster.(＝The man who/whom/that my father talked with just now is our headmaster.)刚刚与我爸爸交谈的男人是我们的校长。‎ ‎(2)当先行词是物，指物的关系代词有which、whose(＝of which)、that。如：‎ I like the movie which/that was directed by Feng Xiaogang.我喜欢那部冯小刚导演的电影。‎ I live in the room whose windows are very big.(＝I live in the room，the windows of which are very big.)我住在这间房，它的窗户非常大。‎ 注意：指物时，下列情况只能用that，不宜用which。‎ ‎①先行词为不定代词，如all，much，anything，everything，nothing，something，none，the one等。如：‎ We are willing to do anything that is good to us.我们愿意做一切有益于我们的事。‎ ‎②先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：‎ The first book that I read was an English novel.我读的第一本书是英文小说。‎ ‎③先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：‎ This is the most exciting movie that I have ever seen.这是我看过最激动人心的电影。‎ ‎④如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词，只能用that。如：‎ We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.我们对你们正在谈论的医生以及医院一无所知。‎ ‎⑤如果先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，few，little，no，all，one of，just修饰时。如：‎ This is the only book that can be lent to you.这是唯一一本可以借给你的书。‎ 单项填空。‎ ‎(　A　)1.(贵州背景特色题)There are many people ______ want to visit Huangguoshu Waterfall.‎ A．who B．whose C．which D．where ‎(　A　)2.(2019毕节中考模拟)—Which song do you like better，Lucy?‎ ‎—I prefer the song Little Apple______ can attract many people.‎ A．which B．who C．whom D．where ‎　状语从句 用作状语的句子叫状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词。状语从句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根据其用途可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句，让步状语从句等。‎ ‎1．时间状语从句：时间状语从句表示时间，常用连接词有：when(当……时)，while(当……时)，as(当……时)，before(在……之前)，after(在……之后)，since(自从)，not…until…(直到……才), as soon as(一……就)，once(一旦……就)等。如：‎ I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.直到完成了作业，我才去睡觉。‎ 注意：(1)时间状语从句中，从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：‎ I will telephone you when he comes.他回来的时候我会打电话给你。‎ ‎(2)when引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句的谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。如：‎ He was working when I came in.我进来的时候，他正在工作。‎ When she heard the news，she began to cry.听到消息的时候，她开始哭了。‎ ‎(3)while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词，意思是“在……期间”。如：‎ They rushed in while we were singing.我们唱歌时，他们冲了进来。‎ ‎(4)as引导状语从句，强调同时发生，不分先后。可以译成“随着”或“一边……一边”。如：‎ John sings as he walks home.约翰边唱歌边走回家。‎ ‎(5)since引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。如：‎ It has been six years since she left school.自从她离开学校，已经六年了。‎ ‎2．地点状语从句：地点状语从句表示地点。其连接词有where(哪里)，wherever(无论哪里)等。如：‎ Put it where you can find it.把它放在你可以找到的地方。‎ ‎3．原因状语从句：原因状语从句表示原因或者理由。其连接词有：because(因为)，as(因为)，since(既然)等。如：‎ I often eat carrots because they are good for my health.我经常吃胡萝卜，因为它们有益于我的健康。‎ 注意：(1)because表示因果关系，语气最强，常用来回答why提出的问题。如：‎ I didn't tell them because they were too young.我没有告诉他们，因为他们太小了。‎ ‎(2)because和so不能同在一个句子里。如：‎ Because the book was expensive，I didn't buy it.(I 前不用so)因为书贵，所以我没有买它。‎ ‎4．结果状语从句：表示结果。其连接词有：so…that…(如此……以至……)，so that(结果)，such…that…(如此……以至……)等。如：‎ It's such a good chance that you can't miss it.这是一个好机会，你不能错过它。‎ 注意：如果名词前有many，much，few，little等词修饰，则用so。如： ‎ She has so much homework to do that she can't play with her classmates.她有如此多的作业要做，以至她不能和她的同学出去玩。‎ ‎5．目的状语从句：表示目的。其连接词有：so(以便)，so that(为了)，in order that(为了)等，从句中多用情态动词can，will，may，should 等。如：‎ He got up very early so that he could catch the first train.为了能赶上早班火车，他起得很早。‎ ‎6．条件状语从句：条件状语从句表示条件。其连接词有：if(如果)，unless(如果不；除非)，as long as(只要)等。如：‎ If it is fine tomorrow，we will go swimming.如果明天天气好，我们将去游泳。‎ 注意：(1)条件状语从句中，从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：‎ If you work hard，you'll get good grades.如果你努力学习，你将会取得好成绩。‎ ‎(2)unless意思相当于if…not…。如：‎ Unless it rains，we will play games.如果明天不下雨，我们将去玩游戏。‎ ‎7．让步状语从句：常由though/although(虽然)，even if/though(即使)等引导。如：‎ Though it's hard work，I enjoy it.尽管它是一份辛苦的工作，但我很喜欢。‎ 单项填空。‎ ‎(　B　)1.(2019安徽中考)Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own，______ he is only four years old.‎ A．if B．though C．for D．since ‎(　C　)2.(2019平塘二中模拟)—Mum，I don't know if Honghong ______ to my party tomorrow.‎ ‎—I think she will come if she ______ free.‎ A．come；is ‎ B．comes；will be C．will come；is ‎ ‎ D．will come；will be 毕节中考题例及解析 单项填空。‎ ‎(　 　)1.(2019毕节中考)We will go for a picnic ______ it is sunny tomorrow.‎ A．when B．whether C．if D．while ‎【解析】考查语境理解及if引导的条件状语从句的用法。句意：如果明天是晴天， 我们就去野餐。when当……的时候；whether是否；if如果；while当……的时候。该句的主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时，if 引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则，结合句意，故选C。‎ ‎(　 　)2.(2019毕节中考)—Can you tell me ______？‎ ‎—On April 5th.‎ A．how you returned the books B．why you bought so many books C．where you bought so many books D．when you returned the books ‎【解析】考查语境理解及宾语从句的用法。句意：——你能告诉我你什么时候归还书吗？——4月5号。can you tell me后面跟一个宾语从句，结合答语On April 5th.可知是对时间提问，故选D。‎ ‎(　 　)3.(2019毕节中考)This is the best book ______ I have ever read.I like it very much.‎ A．which B．that C．who D．when ‎【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：这是我读过的最好的书，我非常喜欢它。先行词为book，表示物，故关系代词用that或which，先行词前有形容词最高级best修饰，只能用that，故选B。‎ ‎(　 　)4.(2019毕节中考)Excuse me，would you please show me ______？‎ A．where is Bijie B．where Bijie is C．is where Bijie D．Bijie is where ‎【解析】考查宾语从句的语序。句意：打扰一下，你能告诉我毕节在哪里吗？would you please show me后面跟一个宾语从句，宾语从句中应该用陈述语序，即疑问词＋主语＋谓语，故选B。‎ 考 点 抢 测 ‎　宾语从句 单项填空。‎ ‎(　D　)1.(2019襄阳中考)—Could you tell me ______？‎ ‎—Sure.I'll come back in three days.‎ A．when will you come back B．how long have you stayed there C．why you went there D．how soon you will come back ‎(　C　)2.(2019天津中考)—Please tell me ______．‎ ‎—At ten o'clock.‎ A．where you have your English lesson B．where do you have your English lesson C．what time you have your English lesson D．what time do you have your English lesson ‎(　B　)3.(2019白银中考)What lovely flowers! Could you please tell me ______？‎ A．why did you get them B．where you got them C．when will you get them D．how will you get them ‎　定语从句 单项填空。‎ ‎(　B　)1.(2019武威中考)I really like the family photo ______ we took on my grandpa's 80th birthday.‎ A．who B．that C．what D．whose ‎(　A　)2.(2019眉山中考)We are talking about the piano and the pianist ______ were in the concert last night.‎ A．that B．which C．who D．whom ‎　状语从句 单项填空。‎ ‎(　A　)1.(2019呼和浩特中考)______ you must go and play football，at least wait until school is over.‎ A．If B．Whether C．Unless D．So that ‎(　B　)2.(2019孝感中考)______ Square Dancing is good exercise for the old，sometimes it makes a lot of noise.‎ A．If B．Although C．Until D．Because ‎(　C　)3.(2019天津中考)Tony was drawing a picture ______ I was doing my homework.‎ A．if B．because C．while D．until