中考英语数词和冠词专题复习 6页

‎2011届中考英语专题复习四：数词、冠词考点讲解和训练 ‎【考点直击】‎ ‎1.不定冠词a与an的用法 2.定冠词the的用法 3."零"冠词 4.基数词的用法 ‎5.序数词的用法 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一. 冠词的用法 冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。‎ A(an)叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。‎ ‎1. 不定冠词的用法 ‎(1) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：‎ John is a student.‎ Mary is an English teacher.‎ ‎(2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:‎ A steel worker makes steel.‎ Pass me an apple, please.‎ ‎(3) 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：‎ A student wants to see you.‎ A girl is waiting for you outside.‎ ‎(4) 表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：‎ Take the medicine three times a day.‎ They go to see their parents once a week.‎ ‎2. 定冠词用法 ‎ (1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：‎ ‎ The book on the desk is an English dictionary.‎ ‎ Beijing is the capital of China.‎ ‎ (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：‎ ‎ Open the door, please.‎ ‎ Jack is in the library.‎ ‎ (3) 上文提到过的人或事物。例如：‎ ‎ Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.‎ ‎ (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：‎ ‎ The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.‎ ‎ (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：‎ ‎ Shanghai is the biggest city in China.‎ ‎ January is the first month of the year.‎ ‎ (6) 用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：‎ ‎ The nurse is kind to the sick.‎ ‎ We should take good care of the old.‎ ‎ (7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：‎ ‎ the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。‎ ‎ (8) 用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如：‎ ‎ the Browns, the whites等。‎ ‎3. 不用冠词的情况 ‎ (1) 某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：‎ ‎ China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。‎ ‎ (2) 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时，不用冠词。例如：‎ ‎ That is my cap.‎ ‎ I have some questions.‎ ‎ Go down this street.‎ ‎(3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。‎ They are workers.‎ We are students.‎ ‎(4) 称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：‎ I don’t feel well today, Mother.‎ Bush was made president of the ‎U.S.‎ ‎(5) 三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：‎ I have lunch at home.‎ He often plays football after class.‎ We have English and maths every day.‎ ‎(6) 在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：‎ By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。‎ 二. 数词的用法 数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。‎ ‎1. 基数词的用法 ‎(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如：‎ ‎　　 Thirty of them are Party members.（主语）‎ ‎　　 --- How many would you like？‎ ‎　　 --- Three ，please．（作宾语） 　　 The nine boys are from Tianjing.（定语） 　　 Six plus four is ten.（表语） 　　 We four will go with you.（同位语） ‎ ‎(2) 表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：‎ Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.‎ There are three thousand students in our school.‎ After the war, thousands of people became homeless.‎ Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.‎ ‎　　 They arrived in twos and threes．‎ ‎　 (3) 表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如：‎ ‎　　 He is in his early thirties．‎ ‎　　 He died still in his forties．‎ ‎　　 This took place in 1930s．‎ ‎(4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如：‎ We get up at six.‎ The workers begin work at eight.‎ ‎ 表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：‎ ten past ten, ‎ a quarter past nine,‎ half past twelve ‎ 表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如：‎ twenty to nine,‎ five to eight,‎ a quarter to ten ‎ 表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：‎ seven fifteen,‎ eleven thirty,‎ nine twenty ‎ 2. 序数词的用法 ‎　 （1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如：‎ ‎　　 The first truck is carrying a foot baskets． 　　 John lives on the fifteenth floor．‎ ‎　 （2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：‎ ‎　　 We'll have to do it a second time． ‎ Shall I ask him a third time？ 　　 When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak．‎ ‎（3）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。‎ ‎（4）表示年，月，日时， 年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：‎ ‎1949年十月一日读作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty ‎2004年九月十日读作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four ‎（5）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：‎ three fourths,‎ one second,‎ two fifths ‎（6）序数词有时用缩写形式： first→1st                     second→2nd third→3rd                     fourth→4th twenty-second→22nd ‎【实例解析】‎ ‎ 1.About ________ students in our class can describe that place in English.‎ ‎ A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths ‎ 答案：A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母应加-s，因此应选A。‎ ‎ 2.Nine _______ pounds a week? That’s very good.‎ ‎ A. hundred of B. hundreds of ‎ C. hundreds D. hundred ‎ 答案：D。该题考查的是数词的用法。Nine hundred是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复数形式，后面也不能加of。所以应选D。‎ ‎ 3. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _______ basketball.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 ‎ 答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词，因此应选D。‎ ‎ 4. This is _______ song I’ve told you about. Isn’t it _______ beautiful one?‎ ‎ A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the ‎ 答案：C。该题考查的是冠词的用法。第一个空是特指，特指我给你说过的那首歌，第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选C。‎ ‎【中考演练】‎ 一. .单项填空 ‎ 1. This morning I had ________ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.‎ ‎ A. an B. a C. the D./‎ ‎ 2. ---What’s the matter with you?‎ ‎ ---I caught ________ bad cold and had to stay in ________.‎ ‎ A. a;/ B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the ‎ 3. ---Have you seen _______ pen? I left it here this morning.‎ ‎ ---Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.‎ ‎ A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a ‎ 4. _______ sun is shining brightly.‎ ‎ A. A B. An C. The D. /‎ ‎ 5. There is _______ “h” in the word hour.‎ ‎ A. a B. the C. an D./‎ ‎ 6. Did you enjoy your stay in Xian?‎ ‎ Yes. I had _______ wonderful time.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D. /‎ ‎ 7. ______ sun is bigger than _______ earth.‎ ‎ A. A; the B. A; an C. The; an D. The; the ‎ 8. There is _______ apple and some pears on the table.‎ ‎ A. the B./ C. a D. an ‎ 9. David has _______ cat. It’s very nice.‎ ‎ A. a B. an C. the D./‎ ‎ 10. I’m reading _______ novel. It is _______ interesting story.‎ ‎ A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an ‎ 11. It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide.‎ ‎ A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’‎ ‎ C. three hundred’s D. three hundred ‎ 12. ---How many workers are there in your factory?‎ ‎ ---There are two __________.‎ ‎ A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of ‎ 13. ---Which is the smallest number of the four?‎ ‎ ---_______________.‎ ‎ A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths ‎ 14. ---What do you think of a war, Li Ming?‎ ‎ ---I’ve no idea. But it’s a fact that _______ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq.‎ ‎ A. three thousands B. thousand of ‎ C. thousands of D. several thousands ‎ 15. We all think that the _______ century will bring us more hopes.‎ ‎ A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first ‎ C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one ‎ 16. ---Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?‎ ‎ ---Yes, it is __________.‎ ‎ A. 856620 B. ‎85626 C. 58662 D. 58626‎ ‎ 17. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _________.‎ ‎ A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949‎ ‎ C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922‎ ‎ 18. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I?‎ ‎ A. 21 B. ‎22 C. 23 D. 24‎ ‎ 19. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.‎ ‎ A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of ‎ 20. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______one.‎ ‎ A. three B. third C. forth D. /‎ 二. 句子改错：下面各句A, B, C, D中有一处错误，请指出并改正。‎ ‎1. May is a fifth month of the year.‎ ‎ A B C D ‎2. The film has been on for half a hour.‎ ‎ A B C D ‎3. The boys and the girls often play the foot ball in the afternoon.‎ ‎ A B C D ‎4. It looks rain. Why not take a umbrella with you?‎ ‎ A B C D ‎5. Li Mei often gives us some good information by the e-meil.‎ ‎ A B C D ‎6. We’ve planted two hundreds trees in the centre of our city this year.‎ ‎ A B C D ‎7. Five million of dollars is a lot of money.‎ ‎ A B C D ‎8. There are thousand of children in the park now.‎ ‎ A B C D ‎9. By the end of twenty century, the world population had passed six billion.‎ ‎ A B C D ‎10. Over three fifth of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.‎ ‎ A B C D ‎【练习答案】‎ 一. 1.A 2‎‎.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.A11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.B 二. 1.B a→the 2.D a→an 3.C 去掉the 4.C a→an 5.D去掉the 6.B two hundreds→two hundred 7.B 去掉of 8.B thousand→thousands 9.B twenty→twentieth 10.A three fifth→three fifths ‎